Dynamical behavior of memristor-coupled heterogeneous discrete neural networks with synaptic crosstalk

Synaptic crosstalk is a prevalent phenomenon among neuronal synapses,playing a crucial role in the transmission of neural signals.Therefore,considering synaptic crosstalk behavior and investigating the dynamical behavior of discrete neural networks are highly necessary.In this paper,we propose a heterogeneous discrete neural network(HDNN)consisting of a three-dimensional KTz discrete neuron and a Chialvo discrete neuron.These two neurons are coupled mutually by two discrete memristors and the synaptic crosstalk is considered.The impact of crosstalk strength on the firing behavior of the HDNN is explored through bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents.It is observed that the HDNN exhibits different coexisting attractors under varying crosstalk strengths.Furthermore,the influence of different crosstalk strengths on the synchronized firing of the HDNN is investigated,revealing a gradual attainment of phase synchronization between the two discrete neurons as the crosstalk strength decreases.

Auxin-brassinosteroid crosstalk:Regulating rice plant architecture and grain shape

Rice(Oryza sativa)plant architecture and grain shape,which determine grain quality and yield,are modulatedby auxin and brassinosteroid via regulation of cell elongation and proliferation.We review the signaltransduction of these hormones and the crosstalk between their signals on the regulation of rice plantarchitecture and grain shape.

Prediction of the undrained shear strength of remolded soil with non-linear regression,fuzzy logic,and artificial neural network

This study aims to predict the undrained shear strength of remolded soil samples using non-linear regression analyses,fuzzy logic,and artificial neural network modeling.A total of 1306 undrained shear strength results from 230 different remolded soil test settings reported in 21 publications were collected,utilizing six different measurement devices.Although water content,plastic limit,and liquid limit were used as input parameters for fuzzy logic and artificial neural network modeling,liquidity index or water content ratio was considered as an input parameter for non-linear regression analyses.In non-linear regression analyses,12 different regression equations were derived for the prediction of undrained shear strength of remolded soil.Feed-Forward backpropagation and the TANSIG transfer function were used for artificial neural network modeling,while the Mamdani inference system was preferred with trapezoidal and triangular membership functions for fuzzy logic modeling.The experimental results of 914 tests were used for training of the artificial neural network models,196 for validation and 196 for testing.It was observed that the accuracy of the artificial neural network and fuzzy logic modeling was higher than that of the non-linear regression analyses.Furthermore,a simple and reliable regression equation was proposed for assessments of undrained shear strength values with higher coefficients of determination.

Microsphere femtosecond laser sub-50 nm structuring in far field via non-linear absorption

Creation of arbitrary features with high resolution is critically important in the fabrication of nano-optoelectronic devices.Here,sub-50 nm surface structuring is achieved directly on Sb2S3 thin films via microsphere femtosecond laser irradi-ation in far field.By varying laser fluence and scanning speed,nano-feature sizes can be flexibly tuned.Such small patterns are attributed to the co-effect of microsphere focusing,two-photons absorption,top threshold effect,and high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser-induced incubation effect.The minimum feature size can be reduced down to~30 nm(λ/26)by manipulating film thickness.The fitting analysis between the ablation width and depth predicts that the feature size can be down to~15 nm at the film thickness of~10 nm.A nano-grating is fabricated,which demonstrates desirable beam diffraction performance.This nano-scale resolution would be highly attractive for next-generation laser nano-lithography in far field and in ambient air.

周细胞-内皮细胞Crosstalk在心肌缺血后微血管新生中的研究进展

心血管疾病是世界公共卫生问题,是人类主要的死亡原因之一。治疗性血管新生能够有效减轻心肌缺血损伤并改善心功能,已成为心肌缺血后重要的补充治疗策略。周细胞-内皮细胞Crosstalk对心肌缺血后微血管新生的调控机制主要包括周细胞通过血管基底膜直接接触内皮细胞和旁分泌调节两种模式。其中,旁分泌调节主要通过促血管新生细胞因子和激活多种信号通路,以促进微血管新生和成熟,对稳定血管/血液系统及改善心脏功能等具有重要作用,因此,周细胞-内皮细胞Crosstalk是心肌缺血后微血管新生的关键环节。本文综述了周细胞-内皮细胞Crosstalk在心肌缺血后微血管新生中的机制及作用,以期为心肌缺血的补充治疗方案提供思路。

Emerging roles of plasmacytoid dendritic cell crosstalk in tumor immunity

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)are a pioneer cell type that produces type I interferon(IFN-I)and promotes antiviral immune responses.However,they are tolerogenic and,when recruited to the tumor microenvironment(TME),play complex roles that have long been a research focus.The interactions between p DCs and other components of the TME,whether direct or indirect,can either promote or hinder tumor development;consequently,p DCs are an intriguing target for therapeutic intervention.This review provides a comprehensive overview of p DC crosstalk in the TME,including crosstalk with various cell types,biochemical factors,and microorganisms.An in-depth understanding of p DC crosstalk in TME should facilitate the development of novel p DC-based therapeutic methods.

Microbiome-liver crosstalk:A multihit therapeutic target for liver disease

Liver disease has become a leading cause of death,particularly in the West,where it is attributed to more than two million deaths annually.The correlation between gut microbiota and liver disease is still not fully understood.However,it is well known that gut dysbiosis accompanied by a leaky gut causes an increase in lipopolysaccharides in circulation,which in turn evoke massive hepatic inflammation promoting liver cirrhosis.Microbial dysbiosis also leads to poor bile acid metabolism and low short-chain fatty acids,all of which exacerbate the inflammatory response of liver cells.Gut microbial homeostasis is maintained through intricate processes that ensure that commensal microbes adapt to the low oxygen potential of the gut and that they rapidly occupy all the intestinal niches,thus outcompeting any potential pathogens for available nutrients.The crosstalk between the gut microbiota and its metabolites also guarantee an intact gut barrier.These processes that protect against destabilization of gut microbes by potential entry of pathogenic bacteria are collectively called colonization resistance and are equally essential for liver health.In this review,we shall investigate how the mechanisms of colonization resistance influence the liver in health and disease and the microbial-liver crosstalk potential as therapeutic target areas.

The role of signaling crosstalk of microglia in hippocampus on progression of ageing and Alzheimer's disease

Based on single-cell sequencing of the hippocampi of 5×familiar Alzheimer's disease(5×FAD)and wild type mice at 2-,12-,and 24-month of age,we found an increased percentage of microglia in aging and Alzheimer's disease(AD)mice.Blood brain barrier injury may also have contributed to this increase.Immune regulation by microglia plays a major role in the progression of aging and AD,according to the functions of 41 intersecting differentially expressed genes in microglia.Signaling crosstalk between C−C motif chemokine ligand(CCL)and major histocompatibility complex-1 bridges intercellular communication in the hippocampus during aging and AD.The amyloid precursor protein(APP)and colony stimulating factor(CSF)signals drive 5×FAD to deviate from aging track to AD occurrence among intercellular communication in hippocampus.Microglia are involved in the progression of aging and AD can be divided into 10 functional types.The strength of the interaction among microglial subtypes weakened with aging,and the CCL and CSF signaling pathways were the fundamental bridge of communication among microglial subtypes.

Calibration and cancellation of microwave crosstalk in superconducting circuits

The precise control and manipulation of the qubit state are vital for quantum simulation and quantum computation.In superconducting circuits,one notorious error comes from the crosstalk of microwave signals applied to different qubit control lines.In this work,we present a method for the calibration and cancellation of the microwave crosstalk and experimentally demonstrate its effectiveness in a superconducting 10-qubit chain.The method is convenient and efficient especially for calibrating the microwave crosstalk with large amplitudes and variations,which can be performed successively to reduce the microwave crosstalk by two to three orders.The qubit chain with microwave driving is governed by one-dimensional(1D)Bose-Hubbard model in transverse field,which is nonintegrable and shows thermalization behaviour during the time evolution from certain initial states.Such thermalization process is observed with excellent agreement between experiment and theory further confirming the effective global cancellation of the microwave crosstalk.

Stochastic Models to Mitigate Sparse Sensor Attacks in Continuous-Time Non-Linear Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-Physical Systems are very vulnerable to sparse sensor attacks.But current protection mechanisms employ linear and deterministic models which cannot detect attacks precisely.Therefore,in this paper,we propose a new non-linear generalized model to describe Cyber-Physical Systems.This model includes unknown multivariable discrete and continuous-time functions and different multiplicative noises to represent the evolution of physical processes and randomeffects in the physical and computationalworlds.Besides,the digitalization stage in hardware devices is represented too.Attackers and most critical sparse sensor attacks are described through a stochastic process.The reconstruction and protectionmechanisms are based on aweighted stochasticmodel.Error probability in data samples is estimated through different indicators commonly employed in non-linear dynamics(such as the Fourier transform,first-return maps,or the probability density function).A decision algorithm calculates the final reconstructed value considering the previous error probability.An experimental validation based on simulation tools and real deployments is also carried out.Both,the new technology performance and scalability are studied.Results prove that the proposed solution protects Cyber-Physical Systems against up to 92%of attacks and perturbations,with a computational delay below 2.5 s.The proposed model shows a linear complexity,as recursive or iterative structures are not employed,just algebraic and probabilistic functions.In conclusion,the new model and reconstructionmechanism can protect successfully Cyber-Physical Systems against sparse sensor attacks,even in dense or pervasive deployments and scenarios.

基于电场耦合的电能信号并行传输系统串扰抑制方法

针对较大功率电场耦合无线电能传输系统信号双向高速传输的需求,该文提出一种基于部分能量通道的电能与信号并行传输系统的串扰抑制方法。通过对所提出的系统拓扑进行分析,给出了电能传输增益表达式与电能串扰增益表达式,并分析了阻波电路参数变化对电能串扰增益的影响;基于交流阻抗法及香农定理分别给出了信号传输增益及信道容量表达式,分析了信号支路参数对信道容量的影响;在综合考虑信号传输增益、信道容量及阻波电路参数敏感性的情况下,给出系统信号支路参数的设计方法。该方法能保证系统在较大功率下降低电能串扰,保障信号稳定传输,实现信号的双向高速传输。通过仿真与实验验证了所提出的拓扑和参数设计方法的有效性。搭建的实验装置实现了传输530.4 W的电能,23.28 Mbit/s信号正向传输速度和24.2428 Mbit/s信号反向传输速度。

油菜素内酯与其他植物激素互作调控植物生长发育及胁迫响应的研究进展

植物生长发育受多种植物激素综合调控。其中,油菜素甾醇(Brassinosteroids, BRs)作为重要的固醇类植物激素,与其他植物激素通过互作网络调控种子萌发、根生长发育、光形态建成及果实成熟等生理过程。该文综述了近年来油菜素内酯(Brassinolide,BR)与其他植物激素共同精细调控植物生长发育及胁迫响应的研究进展,为深入开展BR生物学功能研究提供重要参考。

流气式低本底α/β测量仪的串道特征及干扰修正

研究了一系列α、β金属平面源、粉末源及薄层样法自制面源在流气式低本底α/β测量仪上的串道现象。结果显示:^(90)Sr-^(90)Y金属面源以及 ^(14)C,^(137)Cs,^(90)Sr-^(90)Y, ^(40)K粉末源β对α通道的串道比均在0.1%以下,基本可以忽略不计;α金属平面源串道比大小规律表现为 ^(210)Po<^(209)Po<^(239)Pu<^(239)Pu-^(241)Am混合源<241Am,范围为3.49%~25.4%,发射不同能量粒子的α金属源的串道比差异较大。由于衰变过程产生的内转换电子、俄歇电子以及X射线等在β道产生响应,241Am源的串道比明显高于其他源,241Am粉末源的串道比随单位面积质量厚度增加而增大。α粒子对β通道的串道现象较明显,并与样品制源方式有关,主要是不同制源方式造成的自吸收差异导致的,总体有α粉末源串道比>薄层样法自制α面源>α金属平面源,测量时应重点考虑α粒子对β放射性的串道干扰。通过210Po加标样及牡蛎样品经放化分析制成的电镀源验证,对待测样品源进行一定厚度的铝箔或纸片覆盖,可以有效的减小α粒子对β通道的串道干扰;也可以直接利用串道比对测量计数进行修正,此时需要考虑待测样品源和串道比刻度源的一致性,否则会导致修正结果的偏差较大。

The Existence of Meromorphic Solutions to Non-Linear Delay Differential Equations

In this paper, we study the existence of the transcendental meromorphic solution of the delay differential equations , where a(z) is a rational function, and are polynomials in w(z) with rational coefficients, k is a positive integer. Under the assumption when above equations own transcendental meromorphic solutions with minimal hyper-type, we derive the concrete conditions on the degree of the right side of them. Specially, when w(z)=0 is a root of , its multiplicity is at most k. Some examples are given here to illustrate that our results are accurate.

基于容性耦合的钢轨压力传感器电磁干扰分析

目前随着弱电装置在铁路通信、传感测量等方面的普及,电磁干扰问题越来越引起人们的重视,但是关于电磁干扰机理的耦合分析等方面的工作开展较少。本文针对一则典型的钢轨压力传感器电磁干扰问题,从干扰源排查入手,建立了电源线与信号线的容性耦合物理模型,提取线缆间分布电容参数,定量分析了耦合电场大小;同时找出干扰源,确定为电源线容性耦合导致的串扰电压干扰,给出了相应抑制干扰的措施,该分析与实测相符合。研究结果表明,接地装置对电源线地线的电磁干扰影响很大,从而进一步影响了信号线的信号电压。当接地电阻的埋入深度从0.1 m增加到0.6 m时,电源线的干扰电压得到了抑制;信号线的连接端头是容易耦合到外界电磁干扰的薄弱环节,是改善屏蔽效能的关键点。本文所提出的关于容性耦合的机理分析、计算方法、以及传感器信号的电磁干扰抑制措施,能够为今后电气设备的电磁干扰分析抑制提供普遍的借鉴意义。

微透镜阵列成像串扰现象分析

针对微透镜阵列成像时单元图像间存在的串扰问题,文中基于矩阵光学理论,分析了经微透镜阵列成像像面与物面的空间关系,模拟计算2×2的微透镜阵列成像,设计了焦距为7 mm的1×2阵列进行实验研究。研究结果表明:单元图像间距随微透镜焦距和物面尺寸的增大而减小,随微透镜间距和物距的增加而线性的增大。对于焦距为7 mm的微透镜,物距为40 mm,当物面尺寸为55 mm×55 mm时,获得了单元图像恰好分离的临界值,实验结果与模拟计算的理论值一致,该结果对设计微透镜阵列的成像系统具有一定的参考价值。

基于主成分分析的多重定量PCR荧光串扰校正

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)是分子生物学常用的检测手段,主要用于对生物的DNA或RNA进行检测。由于荧光光谱重叠和滤光片过滤带宽限制,检测时所获得的荧光数据通常会包含荧光通道之间的串扰,串扰的存在使PCR结果分析变得复杂,并可能影响最终的检测结果。选择合适的光学元件,并确定通道间的补偿矩阵,可以降低甚至消除荧光串扰。目前荧光补偿矩阵大多通过迭代计算获得,还没有一种简单的方法可以从混合的多通道荧光数据中找到荧光补偿矩阵。为了快速获得荧光补偿矩阵,减小计算量,采用主成分分析法(PCA)中确定主成分的方式,基于搭建的测试平台进行单一染料实验,获得染料的荧光信号在各个检测通道的分布情况,计算得到荧光补偿矩阵。通过分析补偿矩阵,发现对于搭建的硬件系统,Cy5染料对Cy5.5通道串扰较大,串扰比例为8.76%,同时Cy5.5染料对Cy5通道串扰影响也相对较大,比例约为6.2%;其次是ROX染料对HEX通道串扰,比例约为2.68%;HEX染料对FAM通道串扰,比例约为1.58%;FAM染料对HEX通道串扰相对较小,比例约为0.25%,其余通道无明显串扰,与荧光光谱反映的结果一致。采用得到的荧光补偿矩阵对单一染料实验得到的原始荧光数据进行处理,有效去除了非目标通道的荧光串扰,实现了荧光通道数据的解耦,验证了方法的可行性。最后设计了染料颜色分辨实验,将不同浓度的多种染料进行组合测试,并采用所提出的方法将得到的数据进行荧光补偿。实验结果表明,荧光通道各自的线性相关性较高,五个荧光通道的线性相关系数r均大于0.99,该结果进一步验证了该补偿方法的有效性。

骨肌串扰防治骨肌共减症的作用及机制

骨肌共减症(osteosarcopenia,OS)是一种常见的老年退行性综合症,表现为个体在衰老过程中骨量和肌肉含量同时减少,引起骨质疏松症和肌少症,导致机体平衡能力下降,容易跌倒、骨折,严重威胁老年人的生活质量和生存寿命。由于骨骼和肌肉都属于运动系统,骨质疏松症与肌少症在遗传、内分泌、旁分泌和脂肪浸润方面有共同的致病因素,彼此相互影响、相互调节。因此,本文综述了诱导骨肌共减症的力学串扰、细胞因子串扰、信号通路间相互串扰的分子机制和临床诊断方法,通过运动、营养和药物的干预,对提高老年人的寿命和生存质量,实践“健康老龄化”具有重要的意义。

基于并联游标效应的MZ光纤应变传感器增敏解调系统

为了进一步提高马赫-曾德尔(MZ)光纤应变传感器的灵敏度,设计了一种基于并联游标效应的MZ光纤应变传感器增敏解调系统。该系统由传感干涉仪和参考干涉仪并联组成,2个干涉仪都是单模-无芯-少模-单模(SNFS)结构的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)。通过提取2个SNFS-MZI传输信号的差频成分并跟踪其波谷的移动,提高系统应变灵敏度。此外,通过单独提取参考干涉仪的干涉谱,从而消减应变测量时的温度串扰。实验结果表明:该系统的应变灵敏度为7.39 pm/με,约为单个传感干涉仪的应变灵敏度5倍;通过调节参考干涉仪和传感干涉仪的传感臂长,可以灵活调节MZ光纤应变传感器增敏解调系统的灵敏度性能。

一种抑制栅极正负向串扰的GaN HEMT无源驱动电路

GaN器件由于其更快的开关速度,比硅器件更容易发生严重的开关振荡,也更容易受到栅源电压振荡的影响。为了抑制GaN基半桥结构中的串扰,提出了一种抑制GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)栅极正负向串扰的无源钳位驱动电路来抑制栅源电压振荡。采用基本无源元件建立自举驱动回路,并增加三极管以构成从驱动电路到GaN HEMT的低阻抗米勒电流路径,抑制正负向串扰。在LTspice软件下进行电路模拟仿真,并搭建实验平台进行实测验证,结果表明栅源电压的最大正向串扰可降至1.2 V,最大负向串扰可降至1.6 V,漏源电流的正向和负向串扰均降至2 A以下,证明该电路对栅源电压以及漏源电流的振荡均有良好的抑制效果。