Non-Linear Numerical Simulation of Coal and Gas Outburst as a Coupling Instability Problem of Solid-Fluid Biphase Media

Based on the theory of continuum mechanics of multi-pbase media, a mathematical model and non-linear FEM equation of the coupling instability problem of solid-fluid biphase media for coal-methane outburst under finite deformation are established. The critical conditions of the surface instability are presented as the singularity of the total stiffness matrices of the coal body for coal-methaue outburst. That means the deformtion or the coal body emerges bifurcatiou phenomena. The numerical simulation of a typical outburst is made.

Job Scheduling Using Coupling in Grid

The grid computing main concern is to use the resources efficiently. For achieving this many grid resource scheduling algorithms are used for the efficient use of unused resources, especially CPU. The scheduling algorithms assign single complete job to a single resource. Instead, if these algorithms consider the degree of dependency among the modules of a job, they can be allocated parallel to the different resources. This reduces the completion time of the job and the resources can be utilized to its maximum extent. Towards this, the job scheduling using coupling algorithm is proposed. This algorithm puts forward the idea of considering the coupling degree while allocating the modules of a job parallel to different resources. In this algorithm, resource selection is done by using both its functional and non-functional properties. The algorithm works in 3 phases. It groups the interdependent modules of a job into different sets using coupling in the first phase. It checks the non-functional property i.e. availability of a resource using echo procedure in the second phase and in the third phase, the sets created in first phase, are allocated parallel to different available and matching resources. From the simulation results it is observed that job scheduling using coupling algorithm gives better performance in terms of reduced turnaround time as compared to First Come First Served, Largest Task First and Minimum Execution Time scheduling algorithms.

Numerical simulation of the effect of coupling support of bolt-mesh-anchor in deep tunnel

The mechanical effects of bolt-mesh-anchor coupling support in deep tunnels were studied by using a numerical method, based on deep tunnel coupling supporting techniques and non-linear deformation mechanical theory of rock mass at great depths.It is shown that the potential of a rigid bolt support can be efficiently activated through the coupling effect between a bolt-net support and the surrounding rock.It is found that the accumulated plastic energy in the surrounding rock can be sufficiently transformed by the coupling effect of a bolt-mesh-tray support.The strength of the surrounding rock mass can be mobilized to control the deforma-tion of the surrounding rock by a pre-stress and time-space effect of the anchor support.The high stress transformation effect can be realized by the mechanical coupling effect of the bolt-mesh-anchor support, whereby the force of the support and deformation of the surrounding rock tends to become uniform, leading to a sustained stability of the tunnel.

Analytical solution of vacuum preloading technology combined with electroosmosis coupling considering impacts of distribution of soil’s electrical potential

Combining vacuum preloading technology and electroosmosis can improve the treatment effect of soft soil foundation by utilizing the advantages of both methods.Many studies indicate that the soil electrical potential is non-linearly distributed in the treatment process by the combined method.However,in the previous theoretical study,the non-linear-distribution impacts of soil’s electrical potential on soft soil foundation treatment have not been considered.It is always assumed to be linear distribution,which is different from the experimental results.In this paper,the coupling consolidation model of this technology under the two-dimensional plane strain condition is initially established;and the well resistance effect,the vacuum load decreasing along the soil depth and the non-linear variation of electrical potential in the soil are considered.Then,the analytical solutions of the average excess pore water pressure and soil’s consolidation degree in the anode affected area are acquired based on the soil’s electrical potential distribution.Finally,the rationality of the analytical solution is testified by conducting an experimental model test,which proves the scientificity of the analytical solution.The analytical solution is adopted to better predict the dissipation of excess pore water pressure and soil consolidation degree when using the combined technology.This study can provide a reference with more accuracy for the engineering practices of this combined technology in the future.

Modified two-grid method for solving coupled Navier-Stokes/Darcy model based on Newton iteration

A new decoupled two-gird algorithm with the Newton iteration is proposed for solving the coupled Navier-Stokes/Darcy model which describes a fluid flow filtrating through porous media. Moreover the error estimate is given, which shows that the same order of accuracy can be achieved as solving the system directly in the fine mesh when h = H2. Both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm for solving the coupled problem.

3D numerical simulation in acoustic-elastic coupled media with staggered-grid finite-difference method

Acoustic-elastic coupled media is often encountered in most marine explorations, and accurate simulation of acoustic-elastic coupled media is of great significance. At present, the study of acoustic-elastic coupled media still assumes that the solid of the acoustic-elastic coupled media is isotropic, but this assumption is not in accordance with the actual situation. In this paper, we derive the solid media of acoustic-elastic coupled media from isotropic media to anisotropic media, and propose an acoustic-elastic coupled medium based ontransverse isotropic media with vertical symmetric axes(VTI) to improve the accuracy of forward modeling. Based on the relationship between the Thomsen parameter and the coefficient matrix of the anisotropic elastic wave equation, we transform the Thomson parameter into a velocity model with anisotropic properties. We use a staggered grid finite difference method to simulate the propagation of a wavefield in a three-dimensional acoustic-elastic coupled media. We obtain the snapshots of the wave field when the solid of the acoustic-elastic coupled media is an isotropic medium and a VTI media. When the solid of the acoustic-elastic coupled media is considered VTI media, we can observe the qP wave and qS wave that cannot be observed in the isotropic medium from the wave field snapshot. We can also find that the seismic records obtained by the method we use are more realistic. The algorithm proposed in this paper is of great significance for high-precision ocean numerical simulation.

WRF/Grid-XAJ双向耦合系统构建及其暴雨洪水模拟应用

为解决陆气双向耦合中气象与水文模型不易匹配的问题,基于质量守恒原理,以土壤含水量为纽带,构建高效的WRF/Grid-XAJ双向耦合(双耦)系统。通过屯溪流域2场洪水事件分析发现:模型权重参数可定量评估水文-气象模型耦合的相容性;降水同化后,双耦系统的降水峰值模拟精度稍好于WRF模型(误差在±5%内);双耦较单向耦合(单耦)系统能更准确地反映土壤含水量;降水同化前,双耦和单耦系统低估了洪水过程;同化后两者的模拟结果提升且与Grid-XAJ模型接近(三者纳什效率系数ENS>0.85),其中双耦系统洪峰模拟效果最好(误差在±11%内),说明WRF/Grid-XAJ双耦系统在暴雨洪水模拟预报方面有较好的应用潜力,为水文-气象模型双向反馈建模提供了新思路。

Research on Magnetically Coupled Resonant Detection Method for Breakpoint of Four Mesh Grounding Grid

Magnetically coupled resonant technology is a novel method for solving the breakpoint locating of power grounding grid.But the method can only detect breakpoints of a single mesh grounding grid at present.In this paper,a magnetically coupled resonant detection method for four-hole grounding grid breakpoint is proposed.Firstly,the equivalent circuit model of the four mesh grounding grid with two types of breakpoints,namely edge branch and intermediate branch,is established.The input impedance and phase angle of the system are obtained by analyzing the equivalent capacitance and equivalent resistance in the model.Secondly,the magnetically coupled resonant physical process of grounding grid faults is solved via HFSS software.The magnetic field intensity and phase frequency characteristic curves of four mesh holes with different branches and positions of breakpoints and different corrosion degrees are studied,and an experimental system is built to verify the feasibility.The results show that under the condition of grounding grid buried depth of 0.5 m and input frequency of 1~15MHz,and there is an inverse relationship between equivalent capacitance and distortion frequency,the phase angle is positively correlated with the degree of corrosion of grounding grid,and the error of signal distortion frequency can be positioned at 5%.This paper provides some ideas for the application of magnetic coupling grounding grid detection technology.

浅析震源位置准确度及其影响因素

地震定位是地震学研究的基础,然而地震定位和地震学研究之间存在“供给”矛盾.不同研究对地震位置准确度级别的要求不尽相同,震源机制和壳幔结构研究要求震源位置的准确度为千米级别,工业生产活动和诱发地震研究要求震源位置的准确度为百米级别.然而,地震监测台网给出的地震位置准确度仅为数千米.诸多地震定位方法从不同方面对地震定位过程进行优化和改进,但它们的侧重点不尽相同.总体而言,已有的定位方法对地震位置的准确度关注程度尚显不足.在大量的地震定位实践中,前人获得了用于优化地震位置准确度的若干经验法则,这些经验法则不但存在地区差异,而且还有一定的适用条件,经验法则仍需要被进一步地优化和修正.本文简要分析地震定位准确度的多方面影响因素,有针对性地开展研究,在地震定位算法和控制观测数据质量方面获得一定的研究进展;在地震定位耦合关系方面补充了定位速度模型、发震位置和发震时刻三者之间的制约关系;在地震定位流程方面提出了使用逐步消元定位的建议.

Dynamic Couplingand Cooperative Control for Multi-paralleled Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Farms during Symmetrical Low Voltage Ride-through in a Weak Grid

In multi-fed grid-connected systems,there are complex dynamic interactions between different pieces of equipment.Particularly in situations of weak-grid faults,the dynamic coupling between equipment becomes more pronounced.This may cause the system to experience small-signal instability during the fault steady-state.In this paper,multi-paralleled doubly fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind farms(WFs)are taken as an example to study the dynamic coupling within a multi-fed system during fault steady-state of symmetrical low voltage ride-through(LVRT)in a weak grid.The analysis reveals that the dynamic coupling between WFs will introduce a damping shift to each WF.This inevitably affects the system’s dynamic stability and brings the risk of small-signal instability during fault steady-state in LVRT scenarios.Increasing the distance to fault location and fault severity will exacerbate the dynamic coupling between WFs.Because of the dynamic coupling,adjusting the control state of one WF will affect the stability of the remaining WFs in the system.Hence,a cooperative control strategy for multi-paralleled DFIG WFs is proposed to improve dynamic stability during LVRT.The analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified by modal analysis and simu-lation.

Different Storage-Focused PV-Based Mini-Grid Architectures for Rural Developing Communities

Impacts of grid architectures on temporal diffusion of PV-based communal grids (community owned minigrids or microgrids) in a rural developing community are modelled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and a survey-informed agent-based model (ABM) developed in NetLogo. Results show that decentralised control architectures stimulate minigrid formations and connections by allowing easy expansions of the minigrids as each decentralised PV system within a minigrid is treated equally and determines its own real and reactive power, eliminating the need for communication links. This also reduces the cost of implementing such a system;fewer connections are realized with centralised controls as such systems require high speed communication links which make them both difficult to expand and expensive to implement. Results also show that multi-master operation modes lead to more communal grid connections compared to single-master operation modes because in the former, all distributed PV systems within a communal grid have the same rank and can act as masters or can be operated as combinations of master generators (VSIs) and PQ inverters, allowing for more design flexibility and easy connections from potential customers.

Axisymmetric alternating direction explicit scheme for efficient coupled simulation of hydro-mechanical interaction in geotechnical engineering-Application to circular footing and deep tunnel in saturated ground

Explicit solution techniques have been widely used in geotechnical engineering for simulating the coupled hydro-mechanical(H-M) interaction of fluid flow and deformation induced by structures built above and under saturated ground, i.e. circular footing and deep tunnel. However, the technique is only conditionally stable and requires small time steps, portending its inefficiency for simulating large-scale H-M problems. To improve its efficiency, the unconditionally stable alternating direction explicit(ADE)scheme could be used to solve the flow problem. The standard ADE scheme, however, is only moderately accurate and is restricted to uniform grids and plane strain flow conditions. This paper aims to remove these drawbacks by developing a novel high-order ADE scheme capable of solving flow problems in nonuniform grids and under axisymmetric conditions. The new scheme is derived by performing a fourthorder finite difference(FD) approximation to the spatial derivatives of the axisymmetric fluid-diffusion equation in a non-uniform grid configuration. The implicit Crank-Nicolson technique is then applied to the resulting approximation, and the subsequent equation is split into two alternating direction sweeps,giving rise to a new axisymmetric ADE scheme. The pore pressure solutions from the new scheme are then sequentially coupled with an existing geomechanical simulator in the computer code fast Lagrangian analysis of continua(FLAC). This coupling procedure is called the sequentially-explicit coupling technique based on the fourth-order axisymmetric ADE scheme or SEA-4-AXI. Application of SEA-4-AXI for solving axisymmetric consolidation of a circular footing and of advancing tunnel in deep saturated ground shows that SEA-4-AXI reduces computer runtime up to 42%-50% that of FLAC’s basic scheme without numerical instability. In addition, it produces high numerical accuracy of the H-M solutions with average percentage difference of only 0.5%-1.8%.

基于对称控制的三相并网变流器单输入单输出阻抗建模与分析

三相并网变流器的不对称控制结构会导致频率耦合效应,降低其接入弱电网的稳定裕度,增加了阻抗分析的复杂度。首先,该文提出一种三相并网变流器的对称控制策略,以消除由锁相环和直流电压环引起的频率耦合效应。该控制策略通过在控制环路中引入直流电压环q轴补偿,以形成对称的直流电压闭环结构,同时引入对称锁相环,消除传统锁相环的非对称动态特性。因此,三相并网变流器可建模为单输入单输出的阻抗复矢量形式,进而可采用标准奈奎斯特准则进行阻抗稳定性分析,能够直观地说明控制器对系统阻抗特性的主导作用。然后,对并网变流器的阻抗特性进行分析,得出弱电网中对称锁相环的带宽对系统稳定性有着至关重要的影响,并且,不同运行工况也会改变并网变流器的阻抗特性,进而影响系统的稳定性。最后,仿真和实验结果验证了所提控制策略对频率耦合效应抑制的有效性以及阻抗特性分析的准确性。

Rectification of RF Fields in Load Dependent Coupled Systems: Application to Non-Invasive Electroceuticals

Electroceuticals are medical devices that employ electric signals to alter the activity of specific nerve fibers to achieve therapeutic effects. The rapid growth of RF microelectronics has resulted in the development of very small, portable, and inexpensive shortwave and microwave radio frequency (RF) amplifiers, raising the possibility of utilizing these new RF technologies to develop non-contact electroceutical devices. However, the bio-electromagnetics literature suggests that beyond 10 MHz, RF fields cannot influence biological tissue, beyond simple heating, because effective demodulation mechanisms at these frequencies do not exist in the body. However, RF amplifiers operating at or near saturation have non-linear interactions with complex loads, and if body tissue creates a complex loading condition, the opportunity exists for the coupled system to produce non-linear effects, that is, the equivalent of demodulation may occur. Correspondingly, exposure of tissue to pulsed RF energy could result in the creation of low frequency demodulation components capable of influencing tissue activity. Here, we develop a one-dimen- sional, numerical simulation to investigate the complex loading conditions under which such demodulation could arise. Applying these results in a physical prototype device, we show that up to7.5% demodulation can be obtained for a 40 MHz RF field pulsed at 1 KHz. Implications for this research include the possibility of developing wearable, electromagnetic electroceutical de- vices.

跟网型变换器的小扰动同步稳定机理分析与致稳控制

弱电网下,跟网型变换器易出现因阻尼不足导致的小扰动同步失稳问题。为此,该文借鉴复转矩分析理论,计及复杂控制耦合,建立跟网型变换器的复转矩模型。量化多环控制耦合、线路阻抗、控制参数等因素对系统阻尼转矩的影响,从阻尼的角度揭示跟网型变换器的小扰动同步失稳机理。根据理论分析,提出一种基于相位补偿的锁相环阻尼重塑控制策略,通过补偿多环控制耦合引入的负阻尼,增强变换器的小扰动同步稳定性。最后,开展相应的仿真与实验,验证理论分析的正确性与改进控制策略的有效性。

考虑耦合作用的电网业务组合投资优化

电网业务正处于传统业务向新兴业务变革的关键时期,由于电网业务发展的多样性,应考虑业务的相互影响,准确量化业务投资价值。分析业务间耦合作用,构建业务耦合作用评价体系,并通过Choquet模糊积分量化了电网业务耦合程度,构建适应未来发展新环境的电网业务投资价值评价体系,构建了考虑耦合作用的电网业务组合投资优化模型。在算例中,包含综合能源业务、储能业务、电动汽车业务的组合投资价值最高,为2.024,其中,业务基础投资价值为1.870,耦合投资价值为0.154。通过算例分析验证了考虑电网业务耦合作用的必要性与投资优化模型的适用性,支撑电网公司制定电网业务组合投资决策。

附加阻尼控制下风电机组机网耦合载荷建模及分析

针对附加阻尼控制下风电机组机械载荷问题,开展风电机组机网耦合载荷建模及载荷特性分析研究。采用FAST与Matlab/Simulink软件联合方法,建立综合考虑机组机械特性和电气特性的并网风电机组机网耦合载荷模型。采用所建模型开展附加阻尼控制对机组机械载荷影响的仿真分析,并复现附加阻尼控制下风电机组机械系统与电力系统的机网共振现象。结果表明,所建模型能够表征附加阻尼控制下风电机组机械系统与电力系统的耦合互作用,系统低频振荡会导致机组关键结构出现明显振动载荷,且系统振荡频率与机组机械结构固有振动频率接近时两者共振会急剧加大机组振动载荷。

大规模光伏经柔直送出系统的近工频耦合振荡机理与特性分析

针对近工频耦合振荡这类新型振荡稳定性问题,研究了其发生机理和稳定特性。建立大规模光伏经柔直送出系统的全电磁暂态模型,仿真展示了近工频耦合振荡的发生条件。通过分析设备在振荡频率下的复功率分布,阐明系统振荡源头与传播特性。基于在线阻抗分析研究振荡发生的电路机理,分析影响振荡稳定性的关键因素。结果表明,在次/超同步近工频段,光伏电站表现为电阻为负的容性元件,与柔直送端换流站、输电线路共同构成负阻尼的串联谐振电路,从而引发不稳定的近工频耦合振荡;光伏网侧换流器、柔直换流器控制参数和输电线路电抗等因素会影响系统的稳定性。

考虑交直流谐波耦合的并网逆变器建模与分析

可再生能源的大规模开发利用使得逆变器在电网中的比例越来越高,逆变器与电网间谐波交互作用也愈加频繁和复杂。针对传统的建模方法无法体现逆变器与电网间谐波交互耦合的问题,文中基于谐波状态空间(HSS)理论对三相并网逆变器进行建模,该模型将交直流侧的多个频次谐波考虑在内,具有较高的精度。基于HSS模型推导出输入到输出的谐波传递函数矩阵,建立逆变器交直流谐波耦合导纳幅值图,探究交直流谐波耦合关系。然后,提出了一种适用于闭环控制系统的三相并网逆变器小信号HSS建模方法,通过计算特征值对系统稳定性进行评估以及对振荡频率进行预测。最后与MATLAB/Simulink仿真结果进行对比,验证了所建立HSS模型的准确性和系统稳定性分析的正确性。