Validity of non-local mean filter and novel denoising method

Background Image denoising is an important topic in the digital image processing field.This study theoretically investigates the validity of the classical nonlocal mean filter(NLM)for removing Gaussian noise from a novel statistical perspective.Method By considering the restored image as an estimator of the clear image from a statistical perspective,we gradually analyze the unbiasedness and effectiveness of the restored value obtained by the NLM filter.Subsequently,we propose an improved NLM algorithm called the clustering-based NLM filter that is derived from the conditions obtained through the theoretical analysis.The proposed filter attempts to restore an ideal value using the approximately constant intensities obtained by the image clustering process.In this study,we adopt a mixed probability model on a prefiltered image to generate an estimator of the ideal clustered components.Result The experiment yields improved peak signal-to-noise ratio values and visual results upon the removal of Gaussian noise.Conclusion However,the considerable practical performance of our filter demonstrates that our method is theoretically acceptable as it can effectively estimate ideal images.

基于Non-Local means滤波的雾天降质图像恢复算法

针对目前去雾算法易导致边缘晕环效应、边缘轮廓及景物特征比较模糊问题,提出了一种景深等先验信息未知条件下基于Non-Local means滤波的雾天降质图像恢复算法。首先,根据大气散射模型将经典的场景深度估计转化为大气面纱以及天空亮度估计,避免难求的场景深度图;然后,对雾天降质图像进行雾气平均化预处理,经过预处理图像平均亮度变小;其次,依据大气面纱的边缘跟雾天图像的低频具有大的相似性,采用Non-Localmeans滤波算法估计大气面纱模型;最后,为了使恢复图像的亮度跟色度都更加接近晴天图像,进行防止对比度放大的平滑与色度调整处理。通过与已有实验结果对比表明,提出的算法可以获得更精确的大气面纱,恢复图像不但边缘轮廓及景物特征都比较清楚,而且可有效抑制边缘晕环效应。

Local edge direction based non-local means for image denoising

Classic non-local means (CNLM) algorithm uses the inherent self-similarity in images for noise removal. The denoised pixel value is estimated through the weighted average of all the pixels in its non-local neighborhood. In the CNLM algorithm, the differences between the pixel value and the distance of the pixel to the center are both taken into consideration to calculate the weighting coefficients. However, the Gaussian kernel cannot reflect the information of edge and structure due to its isotropy, and it has poor performance in flat regions. In this paper, an improved non-local means algorithm based on local edge direction is presented for image denoising. In edge and structure regions, the steering kernel regression (SKR) coefficients are used to calculate the weights, and in flat regions the average kernel is used. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can effectively protect edge and structure while removing noises better when compared with the CNLM algorithm.

Fast Non-Local Means Algorithm Based on Krawtchouk Moments

Non-local means(NLM)method is a state-of-the-art denoising algorithm, which replaces each pixel with a weighted average of all the pixels in the image. However, the huge computational complexity makes it impractical for real applications. Thus, a fast non-local means algorithm based on Krawtchouk moments is proposed to improve the denoising performance and reduce the computing time. Krawtchouk moments of each image patch are calculated and used in the subsequent similarity measure in order to perform a weighted averaging. Instead of computing the Euclidean distance of two image patches, the similarity measure is obtained by low-order Krawtchouk moments, which can reduce a lot of computational complexity. Since Krawtchouk moments can extract local features and have a good antinoise ability, they can classify the useful information out of noise and provide an accurate similarity measure. Detailed experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the original NLM method and other moment-based methods according to a comprehensive consideration on subjective visual quality, method noise, peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR), structural similarity(SSIM) index and computing time. Most importantly, the proposed method is around 35 times faster than the original NLM method.

Improved Non-Local Means Algorithm for Image Denoising

Image denoising technology is one of the forelands in the field of computer graphic and computer vision. Non-local means method is one of the great performing methods which arouse tremendous research. In this paper, an improved weighted non-local means algorithm for image denoising is proposed. The non-local means denoising method replaces each pixel by the weighted average of pixels with the surrounding neighborhoods. The proposed method evaluates on testing images with various levels noise. Experimental results show that the algorithm improves the denoising performance.

Two Modifications of Weight Calculation of the Non-Local Means Denoising Method

The non-local means (NLM) denoising method replaces each pixel by the weighted average of pixels with the sur-rounding neighborhoods. In this paper we employ a cosine weighting function instead of the original exponential func-tion to improve the efficiency of the NLM denoising method. The cosine function outperforms in the high level noise more than low level noise. To increase the performance more in the low level noise we calculate the neighborhood si-milarity weights in a lower-dimensional subspace using singular value decomposition (SVD). Experimental compari-sons between the proposed modifications against the original NLM algorithm demonstrate its superior denoising per-formance in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and histogram, using various test images corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN).

基于变尺寸窗口的多特征NLM图像去噪算法

常规非局部均值算法的邻域相似性计算过程容易遭受噪声干扰,影响相似像素的权重分配,导致图像结构信息损失严重。针对上述问题,提出一种变尺寸窗口的多特征非局部均值算法,首先根据图像结构张量特征对图像区域进行划分,在不同特征的区域内采用不同尺寸搜索窗口和自适应平滑滤波参数,结合灰度特征、多方向梯度特征和空间特征共同度量邻域相似性,再应用双核函数计算相似性权值,对目标区域的像素权值进行重分配,从而实现图像去噪目的。结果表明,新改进方法的图像峰值信噪比平均提高69%以上,结构相似度平均达到0.77以上。结论认为,相比常规非局部均值算法,新改进方法去噪能力强,边缘及纹理细节保护更好,具有良好的应用前景。

Non-Local DWI Image Super-Resolution with Joint Information Based on GPU Implementation

Since the spatial resolution of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DWI)is subject to scanning time and other constraints,its spatial resolution is relatively limited.In view of this,a new non-local DWI image super-resolution with joint information method was proposed to improve the spatial resolution.Based on the non-local strategy,we use the joint information of adjacent scan directions to implement a new weighting scheme.The quantitative and qualitative comparison of the datasets of synthesized DWI and real DWI show that this method can significantly improve the resolution of DWI.However,the algorithm ran slowly because of the joint information.In order to apply the algorithm to the actual scene,we compare the proposed algorithm on CPU and GPU respectively.It is found that the processing time on GPU is much less than on CPU,and that the highest speedup ratio to the traditional algorithm is more than 26 times.It raises the possibility of applying reconstruction algorithms in actual workplaces.

基于BM3D的脑MRI图像噪点剔除算法

磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)已经成为一种常见的影像检查方式,MRI的去噪算法影响着MRI的成像效果。基于深度学习的MRI去噪算法需要一定量的数据,绝大部分基于非深度学习的MRI去噪算法都是将MRI数据转化为实数之后进行去噪的,针对复数MRI中的复数数据类型的算法也存在着失真的问题。因此,提出一种通过单张MRI脑图像的原始数据进行噪点剔除的算法,以此更好得去除图像噪声。该算法从MRI的原始数据出发,利用了MRI噪声分布性质和MRI脑图像的特点,以判断MRI图像中噪声明显的点,从而剔除MRI中特定的莱斯分布的噪声。并将所提出的算法结合了MRI去噪中常用的非局部平均算法(Non-Local Means denoising,NLM)与三维块匹配算法(Block-Matching and 3D filtering,BM3D),并和不使用该算法剔除噪点的NLM、BM3D进行了对比评估。对比结果表明,在噪声密度不同的多种情况下,该算法总能优化与之相结合的图像去噪算法,在不同的噪声情况下使峰值信噪比(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio,PSNR)与结构相似性(Structural Similarity,SSIM)提高了1%~9%。最后将该算法结合BM3D,对比了DnCNN、低秩聚类算法(Weighted Nuclear Norm Minimization,WNNM)、BM3D、NLM等用于MRI去噪的算法,在莱斯噪声较多时,该算法在PSNR上有更好的表现。

自适应回波抵消中变步长NLMS算法

在对变步长归一化最小均方误差(Variable step size normalized least mean square,VSS-NLMS)的几种算法以及各个算法在远端和双端通话模式下的性能分析比较的基础上,对NEW-NPVSS(NEW non-parametricVSS)算法进行了改进。在双端通话的情况下改进算法具有更好的收敛性;然后提出了基于滤波器系数梯度的变步长新算法,当滤波器系数梯度小于门限值时,采用固定步长更新滤波器系数。反之,则停止更新滤波器系数,并且用远端模式下的系数替代当前系数。仿真结果表明所提出的算法在远端通话模式下比其他VSS-NLMS算法具有更好的收敛性,在双端情况下具有比固定步长NLMS(Normalized least mean square)和SVSS(Simple VSS)更好的收敛性。

基于融合距离的极化SAR图像非局部均值滤波

在极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像降噪领域,常见的非局部均值滤波仅依靠像素间的统计距离进行相似性度量,忽略了像素点的空间信息。本文结合极化SAR数据统计特性和图像空间特征作为像素间的相似性度量,提出了一种利用融合距离来计算相邻窗口权重的方法——基于融合距离的非局部均值滤波器。融合距离的引入使得滤波器能够更全面的评估像素间的相似性,从而得到更合适的像素权重。此外,本方法还引进变异系数对邻域窗口的权重进行评估,通过该参数可以控制滤波的程度。在多幅极化SAR图像上的实验结果表明,所提出的滤波器能够在有效抑制斑点噪声的同时保留较为完整的图像边缘信息和极化散射特性。

NLMS与RLS算法的仿真比较及其在FECG提取中的应用

该文通过计算机仿真对比研究了归一化最小均方误差(NLMS)和递推最小二乘(RLS)两种自适应滤波算法,并将这两种算法用于胎儿心电图仪的自适应滤波器仿真设计中。该方法通过自适应滤波拾取理想的参考信号,再与腹部混迭信号相减抵消母亲心电图(MECG),从而提取出胎儿心电(FECG)信号。计算机仿真实验结果表明,这两种算法都能通过有效抑制MECG及其它各种干扰以实现FECG的检测。相比之下,RLS算法具有良好的应用性能,除收敛速度快于NLMS以及稳定性强外,还具有更高的起始收敛速率;更小的权失调噪声,更大的抑噪能力,但其计算复杂度高于NLMS算法。

基于NLMS的LFM信号自适应校正研究

该文针对雷达对抗中的LFM信号进行了自适应校正的研究,用NLMS算法对LFM信号的校正进行了建模与理论推导,求出了最优步长与最小误差的具体表达式,并进行了计算机仿真验证,表明了该理论分析的指导价值。

基于NL-Means的均值平移图像分割算法

针对均值平移图象分割算法中,在密度中心点选择时的不足,本文采用一种新的寻找密度中心点的方法,同时,为了克服传统基于特征空间分析的图像分割方法对像素点空间关系考虑不够充分的缺陷,通过Non-local means算法,在距离公式中引入特征权参数,从而优化聚类效果。对图象分割结果分析表明了这种方法的有效性。

两级NLMS自适应滤波的仿真与应用研究

从含噪信号中恢复信号是信号处理领域的经典问题,根据自适应线谱增强器的原理,提出了基于两级NLMS自适应滤波器的噪声抵消模型和方法。并通过仿真实验和海上实录船舶辐射噪声识别实验对其进行了验证。仿真实验表明,该方法比基本的NLMS方法更能有效地消除信号中的噪声。对船舶辐射噪声的识别实验表明,当识别环境改变时,该方法仍能保证比较好的识别率,而且比基本的NLMS方法对环境改变更具有适应性。

基于局部均值分解和归一化最小均方的宽频振荡检测方法

为精确采集和分析电力系统宽频振荡信号,提出基于改进局部均值分解与归一化最小均方算法相结合的宽频振荡检测新方法。首先利用归一化最小均方算法对宽频振荡信号进行降噪处理,进而采用改进局部均值分解算法提取该降噪信号的乘积函数;然后对上述乘积函数分量进行希尔伯特变换,求解信号瞬时频率的高频突变点,实现对振荡起止时刻的准确定位。仿真实验表明,本文所提方法能准确求解宽频振荡信号,且在强噪声下仍具有很高的精度。

用于变压器局部放电在线监测的改进NLMS自适应滤波算法

局部放电在线监测对大型电力变压器的安全稳定运行具有重要意义,监测的关键是从强干扰信号中提取微弱的局部放电脉冲信号。最小均方自适应滤波算法具有结构简单、性能稳定等优点,广泛应用于自适应噪声对消中,但其收敛速度与误差存在矛盾,不能同时得到满足。基于此,提出了改进的归一化最小均方自适应滤波算法,在计算输入信号功率时,引入了遗忘因子,并应用符号函数替代步长校正因子。该算法计算量小,较好地解决了收敛速度与误差的矛盾,在变压器局部放电在线监测中应用效果良好。

基于NLMS线性相位FIR滤波器的自适应设计

在以往具有线性相位的滤波器自适应方法中，最常用的是最小均方（ＬＭＳ）方法．但用此法设计时必须小心地选择迭代步长，同时还可能遇到梯度噪声放大问题．文中提出了一种用于设计具有线性相位的有限冲击响应（ＦＩＲ）滤波器自适应方法．它用经过改进的归一化最小均方（ＮＬＭＳ）算法来保证所得结果具有线性相位，且克服了梯度噪声放大问题，同时也不必选择步长．进一步的改进使它的计算更高效。

NLMS算法在射电天文中的应用

射电天文被动接收宇宙中极其微弱的射电信号,很容易受到人们有源业务活动的影响。为了抑制和消除射电望远镜观测过程中出现的电视信号干扰,采取了通常用在通信雷达领域的自适应抗干扰措施,利用两个辅助天线,极大地抑制了电视信号干扰,改善了信噪比,从而能够检测出微弱的射电天文信号。

MI-NLMS adaptive beamforming algorithm for smart antenna system applications

A Matrix Inversion Normalized Least Mean Square (MI-NLMS) adaptive beamforming algorithm was developed for smart antenna application. The MI-NLMS which combined the individual good aspects of Sample Matrix Inversion (SMI) and the Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) algorithms is described. Simulation results showed that the less complexity MI-NLMS yields 15 dB improvements in interference suppression and 5 dB gain enhancement over LMS algorithm, converges from the initial iteration and achieves 24% BER improvements at cochannel interference equal to 5. For the case of 4-element uniform linear array antenna, MI-NLMS achieved 76% BER reduction over LMS algorithm.