Long radial coherence of electron temperature fluctuations in non-local transport in HL-2A plasmas

The dynamics of long-wavelength(kθ<1.4 cm^(-1)),broadband(20 kHz–200 kHz)electron temperature fluctuations(Te/Te)of plasmas in gas-puff experiments are observed for the first time in HL-2A tokamak.In a relatively low density(ne(0)■0.91×10^(19)m^(-3)–1.20×10^(19)m^(-3))scenario,after gas-puffing the core temperature increases and the edge temperature drops.On the contrary,temperature fluctuation drops at the core and increases at the edge.Analyses show the non-local emergence is accompanied with a long radial coherent length of turbulent fluctuations.While in a higher density(ne(0)?1.83×10^(19)m^(-3)–2.02×10^(19)m^(-3))scenario,the phenomena are not observed.Furthermore,compelling evidence indicates that E×B shear serves as a substantial contributor to this extensive radial interaction.This finding offers a direct explanatory link to the intriguing core-heating phenomenon witnessed within the realm of non-local transport.

Fresnel Equations Derived Using a Non-Local Hidden-Variable Particle Theory

Problem: The Fresnel equations describe the proportions of reflected and transmitted light from a surface, and are conventionally derived from wave theory continuum mechanics. Particle-based derivations of the Fresnel equations appear not to exist. Approach: The objective of this work was to derive the basic optical laws from first principles from a particle basis. The particle model used was the Cordus theory, a type of non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) theory that predicts specific substructures to the photon and other particles. Findings: The theory explains the origin of the orthogonal electrostatic and magnetic fields, and re-derives the refraction and reflection laws including Snell’s law and critical angle, and the Fresnel equations for s and p-polarisation. These formulations are identical to those produced by electromagnetic wave theory. Contribution: The work provides a comprehensive derivation and physical explanation of the basic optical laws, which appears not to have previously been shown from a particle basis. Implications: The primary implications are for suggesting routes for the theoretical advancement of fundamental physics. The Cordus NLHV particle theory explains optical phenomena, yet it also explains other physical phenomena including some otherwise only accessible through quantum mechanics (such as the electron spin g-factor) and general relativity (including the Lorentz and relativistic Doppler). It also provides solutions for phenomena of unknown causation, such as asymmetrical baryogenesis, unification of the interactions, and reasons for nuclide stability/instability. Consequently, the implication is that NLHV theories have the potential to represent a deeper physics that may underpin and unify quantum mechanics, general relativity, and wave theory.

Hydrogen Energy Storage System:Review on Recent Progress

A hydrogen energy storage system(HESS)is one of the many risingmodern green innovations,using excess energy to generate hydrogen and storing it for various purposes.With that,there have been many discussions about commercializing HESS and improving it further.However,the design and sizing process can be overwhelming to comprehend with various sources to examine,and understanding optimal design methodologies is crucial to optimize a HESS design.With that,this review aims to collect and analyse a wide range of HESS studies to summarise recent studies.Two different collections of studies are studied,one was sourced by the main author for preliminary readings,and another was obtained via VOSViewer.The findings from the Web of Science platform were also examined for amore comprehensive understanding.Major findings include the People’sRepublic of China has been active in HESS research,as most works and active organizations originate from this country.HESS has been mainly researched to support power generation and balance load demands,with financial analysis being the common scope of analysis.MATLAB is a common tool used for HESS design,modelling,and optimization as it can handle complex calculations.Artificial neural network(ANN)has the potential to be used to model the HESS,but additional review is required as a formof future work.From a commercialization perspective,pressurized hydrogen tanks are ideal for hydrogen storage in a HESS,but other methods can be considered after additional research and development.From this review,it can be implied that modelling works will be the way forward for HESS research,but extensive collaborations and additional review are needed.Overall,this review summarized various takeaways that future research works on HESS can use.

Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Automating App Review Classification:Advancing Usability Metrics Classification with an Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Framework

App reviews are crucial in influencing user decisions and providing essential feedback for developers to improve their products.Automating the analysis of these reviews is vital for efficient review management.While traditional machine learning(ML)models rely on basic word-based feature extraction,deep learning(DL)methods,enhanced with advanced word embeddings,have shown superior performance.This research introduces a novel aspectbased sentiment analysis(ABSA)framework to classify app reviews based on key non-functional requirements,focusing on usability factors:effectiveness,efficiency,and satisfaction.We propose a hybrid DL model,combining BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)with BiLSTM(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory)and CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks)layers,to enhance classification accuracy.Comparative analysis against state-of-the-art models demonstrates that our BERT-BiLSTM-CNN model achieves exceptional performance,with precision,recall,F1-score,and accuracy of 96%,87%,91%,and 94%,respectively.Thesignificant contributions of this work include a refined ABSA-based relabeling framework,the development of a highperformance classifier,and the comprehensive relabeling of the Instagram App Reviews dataset.These advancements provide valuable insights for software developers to enhance usability and drive user-centric application development.

Global trend of review articles focused on cardiopulmonary bypass:Perspectives from bibliometrics

BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)is a life-support technology widely used in surgery.Review articles reflect research advances in a certain topic or field within a certain period of time.AIM To perform a bibliometric analysis of the review articles that focused on CPB for cardiovascular surgery.METHODS This study was based on a bibliometric analysis.Data were acquired from the Web of Science and basic bibliometric parameters were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer and Excel.RESULTS We identified 141 review articles on CPB.Generally,the number of publications increased,and most of them were published in the 2010s(n=57,40.4%)and the 2020s(n=45,31.9%).There were 113(80.1%)narrative review articles,21(14.9%)meta-analysis studies and 7(5.0%)systematic review papers.The United States(n=25,17.7%)and China(n=21,14.9%)were the leading countries in terms of publication number.The articles were published in 98 different journals.The Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia(n=14,10.0%)and Perfusion-United Kingdom(n=11,7.8%)were preferred by the authors.The high-frequency keywords included inflammatory response,children,acute kidney injury,meta-analysis and off-pump,except for CPB and cardiac surgery.Inflammatory response had the closest relationship with CPB during cardiac surgery.The complications of CPB,including inflammatory response,kidney injury and ischemia,caught lots of concern.CONCLUSION The rapid increase of review papers shows that the research on CPB in cardiac surgery is increasingly being emphasized by scholars and clinical staff worldwide.Meta-analysis has been widely conducted to analyze clinical controversies and further guide clinical practice.Strategies to improving the outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB are the hot spots in this field.

Review of Techniques for Integrating Security in Software Development Lifecycle

Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up rapidly.The purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way forward.This review follows Kitchenham’s review protocol.The review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and analysis.From the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation techniques.Quantifying risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation efforts.Through a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat landscape.The review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the future.Accurate estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software security.The accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep learning.It is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are addressed.Another challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security threat.To achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.

基于Non-Local means滤波的雾天降质图像恢复算法

针对目前去雾算法易导致边缘晕环效应、边缘轮廓及景物特征比较模糊问题,提出了一种景深等先验信息未知条件下基于Non-Local means滤波的雾天降质图像恢复算法。首先,根据大气散射模型将经典的场景深度估计转化为大气面纱以及天空亮度估计,避免难求的场景深度图;然后,对雾天降质图像进行雾气平均化预处理,经过预处理图像平均亮度变小;其次,依据大气面纱的边缘跟雾天图像的低频具有大的相似性,采用Non-Localmeans滤波算法估计大气面纱模型;最后,为了使恢复图像的亮度跟色度都更加接近晴天图像,进行防止对比度放大的平滑与色度调整处理。通过与已有实验结果对比表明,提出的算法可以获得更精确的大气面纱,恢复图像不但边缘轮廓及景物特征都比较清楚,而且可有效抑制边缘晕环效应。

Reviewer Locator模块在科技期刊中的应用实践与发展前景——以《中国肺癌杂志》为例

科技期刊作为科技传播的重要力量,其对重要科研成果的发布速度影响着科学技术的传播效力,而编辑工作效率直接决定稿件发表周期,提高编辑工作效率是科技期刊发展的推进器。为此,从同行评议审稿人储备和遴选方面入手,重点阐述如何准确高效地多维度遴选优质审稿人,归纳并探析Reviewer Locator模块在科技期刊办刊工作中的实际应用经验,助力出版业实现质量更好、效率更高的发展。

GURTIN-TYPE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR DYNAMICS OF A NON-LOCAL THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM SATURATED POROUS MEDIUM

Based on the porous media theory and by taking into account the efects of the pore fuid viscidity, energy exchanges due to the additional thermal conduction and convection between solid and fuid phases, a mathematical model for the dynamic-thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling of a non-local thermal equilibrium fuid-saturated porous medium, in which the two constituents are assumed to be incompressible and immiscible, is established under the assumption of small de- formation of the solid phase, small velocity of the fuid phase and small temperature changes of the two constituents. The mathematical model of a local thermal equilibrium fuid-saturated porous medium can be obtained directly from the above one. Several Gurtin-type variational principles, especially Hu-Washizu type variational principles, for the initial boundary value problems of dy- namic and quasi-static responses are presented. It should be pointed out that these variational principles can be degenerated easily into the case of isothermal incompressible fuid-saturated elastic porous media, which have been discussed previously.

Random noise suppression for seismic data using a non-local Bayes algorithm

For random noise suppression of seismic data, we present a non-local Bayes （NL- Bayes） filtering algorithm. The NL-Bayes algorithm uses the Gaussian model instead of the weighted average of all similar patches in the NL-means algorithm to reduce the fuzzy of structural details, thereby improving the denoising performance. In the denoising process of seismic data, the size and the number of patches in the Gaussian model are adaptively calculated according to the standard deviation of noise. The NL-Bayes algorithm requires two iterations to complete seismic data denoising, but the second iteration makes use of denoised seismic data from the first iteration to calculate the better mean and covariance of the patch Gaussian model for improving the similarity of patches and achieving the purpose of denoising. Tests with synthetic and real data sets demonstrate that the NL-Bayes algorithm can effectively improve the SNR and preserve the fidelity of seismic data.

Surface effect and non-local elasticity in wave propagation of functionally graded piezoelectric nano-rod excited to applied voltage

A non-local solution for a functionally graded piezoelectric nano-rod is pre- sented by accounting the surface effect. This solution is used to evaluate the charac- teristics of the wave propagation in the rod structure. The model is loaded under a two-dimensional （2D） electric potential and an initially applied voltage at the top of the rod. The mechanical and electrical properties are assumed to be variable along the thick- ness direction of the rod according to the power law. The Hamilton principle is used to derive the governing differential equations of the electromechanical system. The effects of some important parameters such as the applied voltage and gradation of the material properties on the wave characteristics of the rod are studied.

ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A GRIFFITH PERMEABLE CRACK IN PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS WITH THE NON-LOCAL THEORY

The dynamic behavior of a Griffith permeable crack under harmonic anti-plane shear waves in the piezoelectric materials is investigated by use of the non-local theory. To overcome the mathematical difficulties, a one-dimensional non-local kernel is used instead of a two-dimensional one for the anti-plane dynamic problem to obtain the stress and the electric displacement near the crack tips. By means of Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with a pair of dual integral equations that the unknown variable is the jump of the displacement across the crack surfaces. These equations are solved with the Schmidt method and numerical examples are provided. Contrary to the previous results, it is found that no stress and electric displacement singularities are present at the crack tip. The finite hoop stress and the electric displacement depend on the crack length, the lattice parameter of the materials and the circle frequency of the incident waves. This enables us to employ the maximum stress hypothesis to deal with fracture problems in a natural way.

Investigation of the crack problem in non-local piezoelectric materials under combined electromechanical loadings

The present investigation of the crack problem in piezoelectric materials is performed based on the non-local theory. After some manipulations, the impermeable crack, the permeable crack （the crack gap is full of NaCI solution）, and the semi-permeable crack （the crack gap is full of air or silicon oil） are reduced to a uniform formulation by assuming the normal electric displacement on the crack surfaces to be an unknown variable. Thus, a triple integral equation with the unknown normal electric displacement is established. By using the Newton iterative method and solving the triple integral equation, it is found that the normal electric displacement on the crack surfaces is no longer a constant as determined by previous studies, rather, it depends upon the remote combined electromechanical loadings. Numerical results of the stresses and electric displacement fields show that there are no singularities at the crack tips so that the stresses remain finite. It is of great significance that the concrete electric boundary condition on the crack surfaces exerts significant influence on the near-tip fields and in this way plays an important role in evaluating the crack stability in the non-local piezoelectric materials. More specifically, the impermeable crack model always overestimates the finite stresses at the crack tips, whereas the permeable crack model always underestimates them.

基于non-local先验的贝叶斯变量选择方法及其在高维数据分析中的应用

目的对高维数据进行变量筛选并构建预测模型是组学数据分析的研究热点之一。本研究旨在为结局为二分类变量的高维组学数据筛选自变量并构建预测结局的稀疏统计模型。方法本研究通过模拟研究和实例分析阐释基于non-local先验的贝叶斯变量选择方法--乘积逆矩先验(product inverse moment,piMOM)相较于惩罚类方法ISIS-光滑平切绝对偏差(iterative sure independence screening-smoothly clipped absolute deviation,ISIS-SCAD)和ISIS-最小最大凹惩罚(iterative sure independence screening-minimax concave penalty,ISIS-MCP)在高维数据中变量筛选及其预测效果的性能优劣。结果模拟研究发现:在高维的情况下,经piMOM、ISIS-SCAD和ISIS-MCP方法筛选所得变量的平均真阳性数和受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC,area under curve)基本相等,ISIS-SCAD、ISIS-MCP的平均假阳性数、回归系数均方误差以及预测均方误差明显高于基于non-local先验的贝叶斯变量方法所获得的对应值。piMOM方法分析弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤实例数据共识别5个有意义的基因,AUC为0.996;ISIS-SCAD识别7个基因,AUC为0.975;ISIS-MCP识别7个基因,AUC为0.968。结论在模型选择相合性和预测准确性方面,piMOM方法与ISIS-SCAD和ISIS-MCP相比,具有优势,在一定意义上可有效控制假阳性率。

Improved Non-Local Means Algorithm for Image Denoising

Image denoising technology is one of the forelands in the field of computer graphic and computer vision. Non-local means method is one of the great performing methods which arouse tremendous research. In this paper, an improved weighted non-local means algorithm for image denoising is proposed. The non-local means denoising method replaces each pixel by the weighted average of pixels with the surrounding neighborhoods. The proposed method evaluates on testing images with various levels noise. Experimental results show that the algorithm improves the denoising performance.

Numerical investigation of non-local electron transport in laser-produced plasmas

Non-local electron transport in laser-produced plasmas under inertial confinement fusion （ICF） conditions is studied based on Fokker-Planck （FP） and hydrodynamic simulations. A comparison between the classical Spitzer-Harm （SH） transport model and non-local transport models has been made. The result shows that among those non-local models the Epperlein and Short （ES） model of heat flux is in reasonable agreement with the FP simulation in overdense region. However, the non-local models are invalid in the hot underdense plasmas. Hydrodynamic simulation is performed with the flux limiting model and the non-local model, separately. The simulation results show that in the underdense region of the laser-produced plasmas the temperature given by the flux limiting model is significantly higher than that given with the non-local model.

Fast Non-Local Means Algorithm Based on Krawtchouk Moments

Non-local means(NLM)method is a state-of-the-art denoising algorithm, which replaces each pixel with a weighted average of all the pixels in the image. However, the huge computational complexity makes it impractical for real applications. Thus, a fast non-local means algorithm based on Krawtchouk moments is proposed to improve the denoising performance and reduce the computing time. Krawtchouk moments of each image patch are calculated and used in the subsequent similarity measure in order to perform a weighted averaging. Instead of computing the Euclidean distance of two image patches, the similarity measure is obtained by low-order Krawtchouk moments, which can reduce a lot of computational complexity. Since Krawtchouk moments can extract local features and have a good antinoise ability, they can classify the useful information out of noise and provide an accurate similarity measure. Detailed experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the original NLM method and other moment-based methods according to a comprehensive consideration on subjective visual quality, method noise, peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR), structural similarity(SSIM) index and computing time. Most importantly, the proposed method is around 35 times faster than the original NLM method.

INVESTIGATION OF THE SCATTERING OF ANTI-PLANE SHEAR WAVES BY TWO GRIFFITH CRACKS USING THE NON-LOCAL THEORY

In this paper, the scattering of harmonic antiplane shear waves bytwo finite cracks is studied using the non-local theory. The Fouriertransform is applied and a mixed boundary value prob- lem isformulated. Then a set of triple integral equations is solved using anew method, namely Schimidt's method. This method is more exact andmore reasonable than Erigen's for solving this Kind of problem. Theresult of the stress near the crack tip was obtained. Contrary to theclassical elas- Ticity solution, it is found that no stresssingularity is present at the crack tip, which can explain theProblem of macroscopic and microscopic mechanics.

Existence and Uniqueness of Solution for a Fractional Order Integro-Differential Equation with Non-Local and Global Boundary Conditions

In this paper, we prove an important existence and uniqueness theorem for a fractional order Fredholm – Volterra integro-differential equation with non-local and global boundary conditions by converting it to the corresponding well known Fredholm integral equation of second kind. The considered in this paper has been solved already numerically in [1].

Dynamic behavior of rectangular crack in three-dimensional orthotropic elastic medium by means of non-local theory

The dynamic behavior of a rectangular crack in a three-dimensional （3D） orthotropic elastic medium is investigated under a harmonic stress wave based on the non-local theory. The two-dimensional （2D） Fourier transform is applied, and the mixed- boundary value problems are converted into three pairs of dual integral equations with the unknown variables being the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces. The effects of the geometric shape of the rectangular crack, the circular frequency of the incident waves, and the lattice parameter of the orthotropic elastic medium on the dynamic stress field near the crack edges are analyzed. The present solution exhibits no stress singularity at the rectangular crack edges, and the dynamic stress field near the rectangular crack edges is finite.