Effect of aflibercept combined with triamcinolone acetonide on aqueous humor growth factor and inflammatory mediators in diabetic macular edema

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of aflibercept combined with sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)in treating diabetic macular edema(DME)and to examine changes in growth factors and inflammatory mediator levels in aqueous humor after injection.METHODS:Totally 67 DME patients(67 eyes)and 30 cataract patients(32 eyes)were enrolled as the DME group and the control group,respectively.The DME group was divided into the aflibercept group(34 cases)and the aflibercept combined with TA group(combined group,33 cases).The aqueous humor of both groups was collected during the study period.The aqueous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were detected using a microsphere suspension array technology(Luminex 200TM).Aqueous cytokines,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and complications before and after treatment were compared between the aflibercept group and combined group.RESULTS:The concentrations of VEGF,MCP-1,IL-6,and IL-8 in the aqueous humor were significantly higher in the DME group than those of the control group(all P<0.01).After 1mo of surgery,the concentrations of VEGF,MCP-1,IL-6,and IL-8 in the aqueous humor were significantly lower in the combined group than those of the aflibercept group(all P<0.01).The BCVA and CMT values of the two groups were statistically different after 1 and 2mo of treatment(P<0.01).However,the difference was not statistically significant after 3mo of treatment(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The cytokines VEGF,MCP-1,IL-6,and IL-8 in the aqueous humor of DME patients are significantly increased.Aflibercept and aflibercept combined with TA have good efficacy in DME patients,can effectively reduce CMT,improve the patient’s vision,and have high safety.Aflibercept combined with TA can quickly downregulate the aqueous humor cytokines and help to relieve macular edema rapidly.However,the long-term efficacy is comparable to that of aflibercept alone.

Research progress on the correlation between aqueous humor components and pathogenesis and postoperative complications in patients with different types of cataracts

Aqueous humor provides the necessary nutrition for the lens and transports the metabolites in the eye.It was a liquid that can directly reflect the microenvironment in the eye'and it can be easily obtained during the operation.This review intended to analyze the components of aqueous humor in patients with different types of cataracts'so as to reflect the pathogenesis and development of the disease'evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications and provide reference value for the surgical design of sequential cataract surgery.The aqueous humor components of different types of cataracts showed different degrees of inflammation'oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling.The biomarker of early neuropathy in diabetic cataract was neural cell adhesion molecule-1(NCAM1).Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)was the evaluation factor of disease development in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.The relationships between postoperative complications of different types of cataracts and aqueous humor components were as follows:Macular edema after diabetic cataract surgery was associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha;capsular contraction after high myopic cataract surgery was related to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and TGF-β2;Klotho and glutathione S-transferase P 1(GSTP1)were associated with high intraocular pressure after primary open-angle glaucoma complicated by cataract surgery;capsular contraction after retinitis pigmentosa complicated by cataract surgery was associated with matrix metalloproteinases;pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast growth factor 4 in the aqueous humor of congenital cataracts were associated with posterior capsular opacification after surgery.Granulocyte colony stimulating factor 3 and MCP-1 were the main cytokines mediating the pain of the second eye in the binocular sequential cataract surgery short interval(1 wk)'while MCP-1 mediated pain in the long interval(6 wk).The second eye after binocular sequential cataract surgery had a higher level of proinflammatory factors.The components of aqueous humor in patients with different types of cataracts were related to the pathogenesis and postoperative complications of the disease.Monitoring the components of the aqueous humor could help better understand the intraocular microenvironment of different types of cataracts and provide a reference for predicting the development of the disease and implementing relevant targeted therapy.

Humoral Response and Tolerance of Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in Adults Senegalese Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Multicenter Prospective Study

Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been proposed in several countries as the main preventive measure despite very limited data, particularly in dialysis patients. We conducted this study to assess the immunological response to vaccination in Senegalese hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study, in two dialysis centers in Dakar from March 30th to August 30th, 2021 including patients on hemodialysis for >6 months, vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 according to the vaccination schedule recommended by WHO. A vaccine response was considered positive when seroconversion was observed after one dose of vaccine. The clinical efficacy of immunization was defined as the absence of new COVID-19 infection in patients who received a complete vaccination. Results: Among the 81 patients included in the study, 7.4% had anti-Spike IgM antibodies before their first vaccination. Seroprevalence of IgM antibodies was 38.3% one month after the first vaccine dose (at M1) and 8.6% one month after the second dose (at M4). Anti-Spike IgG antibodies were present in 40.3% of patients before vaccination, in 90.1% at M1, and in 59.7% at M4. Among patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, 10.2% had IgM antibodies at M0, 31.6% at M1, and 10.5% at M4 post-vaccination. Similarly, seroprevalences of IgG antibodies in this subgroup were 31.5%, 61.3%, and 50.0% respectively at M0, M1, and M4 post-vaccination. A comparison of seroconversion rates between M0 and M4 showed significant differences only for IgG in COVID-19 naive patients. Mean duration in dialysis and the existence of previous COVID-19 infection were associated with patients’ vaccinal response after the two doses. Age, gender and the use of immunosuppressive treatment did not influence post-vaccinal antibody production. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 in Senegalese hemodialysis patients induced a low seroconversion rate but it was well tolerated. Moreover, the induced protection was neither strong nor durable, particularly in patients with longer duration in dialysis.

Differential analysis of aqueous humor cytokine levels in patients with macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion

AIM:To evaluate the difference and the correlation between the concentrations of cytokines in the aqueous humor of eyes with macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy(DR)or retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS:This is a retrospective case control study.The aqueous humor samples were collected during intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)for patients diagnosed with macular edema secondary to DR(DME)or RVO(RVO-ME)at Xijing Hospital from August 2021 to July 2022.Meanwhile,aqueous humor samples during vitrectomy from patients with idiopathic macular hole(IMH)were also collected and served as controls.The aqueous humor concentrations of VEGF,platelet-derived factor(PDGF),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,IL-18,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1)were measured with Human Premixed Multi-Analyte Kit(Luminex).The difference of the aqueous cytokines and the correlation between the two diseases were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 40 eyes of 38 patients were enrolled in the study,including 13 eyes of 11 DME patients(DME group),16 eyes of 16 RVO-ME patients(RVO-ME group)and 11 eyes of 11 IMH patients(control group).The VEGF,PDGF,IL-6,IL-8,and MCP-1 levels of the aqueous humor were higher in both DME and RVO-ME groups compared with the control group(all P<0.05),the levels of TNF-αwas higher in the DME group than in the control group(P<0.05).The VEGF,IL-6,MCP-1,and TNF-αlevels in the aqueous humor were significantly higher in the DR group than those in the RVO group(all P<0.05).Correlation analyses revealed that there were complex positive correlations between IL-6,IL-8,IL-18,MCP-1,and TNF-αlevels in the aqueous humor of eyes with two diseases.CONCLUSION:Although ischemic and inflammatory factors are similarly involved in the pathogenesis of DME and RVO-ME,the roles of these factors are more significant or more likely to be activated in DR patients,suggesting different treatment strategies should be considered for the two diseases.

Effects of Combined Application of NRTUAs and ABP on Growth and Humoral Immunity of Chicks

[Objectives]The paper was to study the effects of combined application of nonreplicating Toxoplasma uracil auxotrophs(NRTUAs)and Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharide(ABP)on growth and humoral immunity of chicks.[Methods]A total of 120 one-day old female Hyline brown laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups,30 hens for each group.The chicks in group 1 were subcutaneously injected with NRTUAs and fed on the diet containing with ABP;the chicks in group 2 were subcutaneously injected with NRTUAs;the chicks in group 3 were subcutaneously injected with equal volume of PBS,and fed on the diet containing with ABP;the chicks in group 4 were subcutaneously injected with equal volume of PBS.The body weight of chicks in each group was counted at the 21^(st),42^(nd),84^(th)and 112^(th)week.During this period,blood samples were collected from chicks in each group at 0,7,14,21,28 and 35 d post immunization against Newcastle disease(ND),and serum was separated to detect the antibody titer of ND.[Results]The combined application of NRTUAs and ABP had no effect on growth of chicks,but promoted the humoral immune response of chicks,significantly improved the ND antibody level of chicks,and could maintain high levels of antibodies in the body for a long time.[Conclusions]The study lays a theoretical foundation for further developing the clinical application of NRTUAs and ABP.

Retrospective Analysis of External Quality Assessment Data of Humoral (Except Feces) Morphology in Guangxi from 2010 to 2022

[Objectives] The study aims to improve the ability of inspectors to recognize humoral morphology and provide data reference for the improvement of EQA work of humoral morphology by Guangxi Clinical Laboratory Center. [Methods] A retrospective analysis was made on the EQA of humoral morphology by Guangxi Clinical Laboratory Center from 2010 to 2022, and the number of participating laboratories, the rate of return, sample types and maps of EQA of humoral morphology such as urine sediment, vaginal secretions and so on(except feces), and the reasons for the high error rate of the results of the participating laboratories were analyzed. [Results] The number of laboratories participating in the assessment of humoral morphology increased from 98 in 2010 to 371 in 2022. Except for 2011(90.98%), the rate of return was more than 94%, and the highest rate of return was up to 100%. A total of 119 pictures of EQA of humoral morphology were studied, including 101 urine sediment smears, 13 vaginal secretions smears and 5 other smears. The types of specimens were relatively comprehensive. The distribution of the maps was basically reasonable. The urinary sediment was mainly composed of crystalline salts, followed by tubes, and cells and fungi ranked third. The coverage was relatively complete. The error rate of return results from high to low were bacteria(error rate was equal to 40%), tubes and crystalline salts(error rate was close to 29%), and cells and fungi(error rate was about 14%). The main cases with high error rate of return results are as follows: the difference between different tubes was not clear, and the diversity of crystal morphology was not understood enough;the phase division of cells in the same system was wrong. [Conclusions] The analysis and summary of the reasons for the high error rate of the data and results of Guangxi's EQA of humoral morphology is helpful for laboratory physicians to improve their awareness of morphological examination and identify clearly the error type and blurred concept, and lays a foundation for Guangxi Clinical Laboratory Center to carry out EQA of humoral morphology more specifically.

Conceptual Blending and Meme Humor on the Internet:The Example of COVID-19 Publicity Posters in Chinese Microblogging

Internet memes,as multimodal cultural products disseminated through the Internet,usually take the form of short videos or images that express humor or satire.The creation and dissemination of humor in memes are both creative and complex,and the successful perception of meme humor reflects humans’universal thinking capacity.Based on the theoretical framework of conceptual blending,this paper selects a set of COVID-19 publicity posters from the official Weibo account of China Guangzhou Fabu(Guangzhou Internet Information Office),analyses the multi-level structure of Internet memes,and explores the dynamic cognitive process in the interpretation of humorous memes to reveal people’s ability to make simultaneous analogies and integration between elements in different mental spaces.

Temporal pattern of humoral immune response in mild cases of COVID-19

BACKGROUND Understanding the humoral response pattern of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is one of the essential factors to better characterize the immune memory of patients,which allows understanding the temporality of reinfection,provides answers about the efficacy and durability of protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),and consequently helps in global public health and vaccination strategy.Among the patients who became infected with SARS-CoV-2,the majority who did not progress to death were those who developed the mild COVID-19,so understanding the pattern and temporality of the antibody response of these patients is certainly relevant.AIM To investigate the temporal pattern of humoral response of specific immunoglobulin G(IgG)in mild cases of COVID-19.METHODS Blood samples from 191 COVID-19 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)-positive volunteers from the municipality of Toledo/Paraná/Brazil,underwent two distinct serological tests,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and detection of anti-nucleocapsid IgG.Blood samples and clinicoepidemiological data of the volunteers were collected between November 2020 and February 2021.All assays were performed in duplicate and the manufacturers'recommendations were strictly followed.The data were statistically analyzed using multiple logistic regression;the variables were selected by applying the P<0.05 criterion.RESULTS Serological tests to detect specific IgG were performed on serum samples from volunteers who were diagnosed as being positive by RT-qPCR for COVID-19 or had disease onset in the time interval from less than 1 mo to 7 mo.The time periods when the highest number of participants with detectable IgG was observed were 1,2 and 3 mo.It was observed that 9.42%of participants no longer had detectable IgG antibodies 1 mo only after being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 1.57%were also IgG negative at less than 1 mo.At 5 mo,3.14%of volunteers were IgG negative,and at 6 or 7 mo,1 volunteer(0.52%)had no detectable IgG.During the period between diagnosis by RT-qPCR/symptoms onset and the date of collection for the study,no statistical significance was observed for any association analyzed.Moreover,considering the age category between 31 and 59 years as the exposed group,the P value was 0.11 for the category 31 to 59 years and 0.32 for the category 60 years or older,showing that in both age categories there was no association between the pair of variables analyzed.Regarding chronic disease,the exposure group consisted of the participants without any comorbidity,so the P value of 0.07 for the category of those with at least one chronic disease showed no association between the two variables.CONCLUSION A temporal pattern of IgG response was not observed,but it is suggested that immunological memory is weak and there is no association between IgG production and age or chronic disease in mild COVID-19.

视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿患者基线房水细胞因子水平与抗VEGF疗效的相关性

目的利用基线房水细胞因子预测视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿(RVO-ME)患者抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗3个月后黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)和最佳矫正视力(BCVA)的改善情况。方法选择2021年10月至2023年1月在南京医科大学附属眼科医院首诊为RVO-ME的患者30例(30眼),在抗VEGF药物注射前行前房穿刺收集房水。采用Luminex液相芯片技术测定患者房水中VEGF、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、白细胞介素(IL)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)等11种细胞因子的水平。分析RVO-ME患者基线房水细胞因子水平与CMT、BCVA(logMAR)以及其变化值(基线与抗VEGF治疗3个月后差值)的相关性;在基线时与抗VEGF治疗3个月后分别分析CMT和BCVA(logMAR)间的相关性。CMT、BCVA应答者定义为从基线到抗VEGF治疗3个月后CMT、BCVA(logMAR)减少50%及以上的患者,使用Logistic回归模型分析基线房水细胞因子与RVO-ME患者抗VEGF治疗3个月后成为CMT或BCVA应答者的关系。结果与基线时相比,抗VEGF治疗3个月后RVO-ME患者CMT明显下降,BCVA明显改善(均为P<0.001)。RVO-ME患者基线时、抗VEGF治疗3个月后CMT与BCVA(logMAR)之间均呈正相关(P=0.026、0.002)。基线时,RVO-ME患者VEGF、IL-8水平与CMT均呈正相关(P=0.032、0.035);IL-6、IL-8水平与BCVA(logMAR)均呈正相关(P=0.018、0.002)。RVO-ME患者基线IL-8水平与CMT变化值呈负相关(P=0.024)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,基线ICAM-1水平升高增加RVO-ME患者抗VEGF治疗3个月后BCVA无应答的风险(P=0.023)。结论基线IL-8与ICAM-1可能是RVO-ME抗VEGF治疗后CMT及BCVA改善的预测因子。

从释意理论看电影《你好,李焕英》幽默元素字幕的翻译策略

字幕翻译是观众了解非母语影视的主要手段,优秀的字幕翻译也成为海外观众更好地了解中国电影和中国文化的重要途径。字幕翻译同口译不乏相通之处,因此源于口语实践研究、倡导脱离源语言外壳束缚的释意理论,不仅指出了译者在字幕翻译过程中应了解的原则和方向,也启发译者跳出具体翻译策略的限制,根据具体情况灵活采取合适的翻译策略,对于电影字幕翻译具有实际的指导意义。华语喜剧电影中的幽默元素体现了中国浓厚鲜明的民族文化特色,是译者较难处理的部分。电影《你好,李焕英》在翻译诸如双关语、特色方言、富有时代感的流行语和富含中国文化特色的话语这些包含幽默元素的字幕时采取了替换、归化、异化、减译等不同翻译策略。

糖尿病视网膜病变患者疾病进展与房水细胞因子的相关性研究

目的探讨糖尿病性视网膜病变(DR)患者行抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗疗效与房水中细胞因子的相关性。方法纳入2023年7月至2023年12月在新乡医学院第三附属医院眼科行抗VEGF药物治疗的50例56眼DR患者,将患者分为糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)组(30例36眼)和增生型DR(PDR)组(20例20眼)。DME组患者每月玻璃体内注射阿柏西普眼内注射溶液1次,连续3次,每次注射前抽取房水;PDR组在行玻璃体切割术前1周玻璃体内注射阿柏西普眼内注射溶液1次,在注射前抽取房水,并在行玻璃体切割术时再次抽取房水。采用Luminex液相芯片检测每次抽取的房水内VEGF-A、胎盘生长因子(PLGF)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-23、IL-17A及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的浓度。注射治疗前,所有患者均行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)检测,分析注射治疗前各细胞因子浓度与DR患者BCVA及CMT的相关性。结果DME组患者注射治疗前后比较,房水中VEGF-A、PLGF及IL-23浓度均降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),此外,患者CMT值降低,BCVA提高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。PDR患者注射治疗后,房水中VEGF、PLGF、IL-1β、IL-23、IL-17A和TNF-α浓度均较注射治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。注射治疗前,DME组患者房水中VEGF-A、PLGF及IL-23水平均高于PDR组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,注射治疗前,DME组患者中,VEGF与BCVA呈负相关(r=-0.767,P=0.004);VEGF与CMT呈正相关(r=0.662,P=0.019);VEGF与IL-23呈正相关(r=0.765,P=0.004)。PDR组患者注射治疗前各房水细胞因子之间均无相关性(均为P>0.05)。结论VEGF-A、PLGF、IL-23的浓度变化与DR的发生发展密切相关,抗VEGF治疗可使DME患者BCVA得到改善,CMT下降。房水中IL-23的表达水平可作为DR患者抗VEGF疗效的预测因子,为DR的早诊断、早治疗提供新的靶点。

植物乳杆菌CCFM8661增强小鼠免疫力的功能评价

为了通过动物实验评价植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)CCFM8661的免疫调节功能,作者采用120只雄性BALB/c小鼠,分别灌胃植物乳杆菌CCFM8661(低、中、高3个剂量)或安慰剂30 d。之后采用以下方法综合评估植物乳杆菌CCFM8661调节小鼠免疫力的功效:小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化实验及迟发型变态反应(delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH)实验评价小鼠细胞免疫功能;血清溶血素生成实验及抗体生成细胞检测实验评价小鼠体液免疫功能;碳廓清实验及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬荧光微球实验评价小鼠单核-巨噬细胞功能;自然杀伤(nature-killer,NK)细胞活性检测评估小鼠NK细胞功能。结果显示,植物乳杆菌CCFM8661可明显增强小鼠迟发型变态反应的耳肿胀程度、提升小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖水平、促进小鼠血清溶血素的生成、提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力及机体碳处理能力。研究结果表明植物乳杆菌CCFM8661具有增强小鼠免疫力的作用,为其实际应用提供理论依据。

自强还是自嘲:智能语音助手幽默语言风格对用户失败容忍度的影响

幽默语言因其能够显著提升沟通效果,正逐渐成为智能对象设计中的重要考虑因素之一。然而以往学者在智能语音助手服务失败时,对于如何有效利用幽默语言风格来提升用户失败容忍度缺乏系统深入的探讨。本研究以智能语音助手服务补救为情境,基于良性冲突理论,通过三个实验,验证了幽默语言风格对用户失败容忍度的影响。结果表明:相较于自强型幽默,自嘲型幽默能够使用户产生更高的失败容忍度,同时揭示了幽默欣赏在其中的中介作用路径。此外,当智能语音助手扮演伙伴角色时,自强型幽默和自嘲型幽默对幽默欣赏及失败容忍度的影响无显著差异;而当其扮演仆人角色时,自嘲型幽默更能通过幽默欣赏影响用户的失败容忍度。

小儿难治性支原体肺炎患儿免疫学水平对预后的影响

目的探讨小儿难治性支原体肺炎患儿免疫学水平对预后的影响。方法回顾性选择2021年6月至2022年4月福建省龙岩市第二医院收治的57例小儿难治性支原体肺炎患儿为研究对象,根据治疗预后分为预后良好组(n=46)和预后差组(n=11)。比较两组细胞免疫、体液免疫、白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,采用多因素logistic回归分析小儿难治性支原体肺炎患儿免疫学水平对预后的影响。结果预后良好组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均高于预后差组,CD8^(+)、免疫球蛋白(Ig)G、IgE、IgA、WBC和CRP均低于预后差组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,CD4^(+)(OR=3.582,95%CI=2.482~6.313)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)(OR=6.413,95%CI=5.682~8.452)、CD8^(+)(OR=4.083,95%CI=3.235~4.572)、IgG(OR=1.034,95%CI=0.283~4.394)、IgE(OR=1.593,95%CI=1.241~1.786)、IgA(OR=1.246,95%CI=0.987~1.583)、WBC(OR=1.692,95%CI=1.212~1.889)、CRP(OR=1.326,95%CI=1.021~1.984)均为小儿难治性支原体肺炎患儿预后的免疫水平因素(P<0.05)。结论细胞免疫与体液免疫在难治性支原体肺炎患儿中表达异常,能预测患儿治疗预后,可为临床诊疗提供参考依据。

视网膜高反射点数量与糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者房水炎症细胞因子水平的相关性

目的 探讨视网膜高反射点(HF)数量与糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)患者房水炎症细胞因子水平的相关性。方法 选取25例DME患者(34只眼)作为研究对象,检测患者房水炎症细胞因子[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-17A、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP1)、细胞间黏附分子(ICAM)]水平。采用光学相干断层扫描测量黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)、黄斑总体积(TMV)、黄斑中心凹体积(CMV),计数HF数量。采用Pearson或Spearman相关分析法分析DME患者HF数量、CMT、TMV、CMV与房水炎症细胞因子水平的相关性。结果 DME患者的HF数量与房水IL-6、MCP1、ICAM水平呈正相关,TMV与房水TGF-β1、MCP1、ICAM水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 DME患者视网膜HF数量与房水IL-6、MCP1、ICAM水平相关,HF可能是眼内炎症的影像标志物。

糖尿病肾脏疾病患者肠道菌群与免疫功能的关系

目的探讨分析糖尿病肾脏疾病患者肠道菌群与免疫功能的关系。方法选取河南科技大学第一附属医院2021年6—12月收治的88例2型糖尿病患者,根据是否发生慢性肾病分为单纯糖尿病组(52例)和糖尿病肾脏疾病组(36例),并选取同期进行健康体检的40例志愿者作为对照组。入院清晨取其粪便样本进行肠道细菌检测,测定患者肠道菌群分布情况。并采集血清样本进行免疫功能指标检测,测定患者免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平。采用Pearson相关性分析糖尿病肾脏疾病患者肠道菌群与免疫功能的关系。结果3组乳酸菌数、酵母菌数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖尿病肾脏疾病组大肠杆菌数高于单纯糖尿病组和对照组,双歧杆菌数、真杆菌数低于单纯糖尿病组和对照组(P<0.05)。3组IgG、IgA、IgM、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),糖尿病肾脏疾病组IgG、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于单纯糖尿病组和对照组,而IgA、IgM低于单纯糖尿病组和对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,大肠杆菌数与IgG、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)呈正相关,与IgA、IgM呈负相关(P<0.05);双歧杆菌数和真杆菌数与IgA、IgM呈正相关,与IgG、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病肾脏疾病患者肠道菌群分布与免疫功能密切相关,肠道菌群分布紊乱,免疫功能下降,可能参与糖尿病肾脏疾病进展,可为疾病防治提供一定指导。

磷酸奥司他韦联合丙种球蛋白治疗儿童ITP及对血小板相关指标、体液免疫、血栓相关指标的影响

目的研究磷酸奥司他韦联合丙种球蛋白治疗儿童免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)及对血小板相关指标、体液免疫、血栓相关指标的影响。方法前瞻性选择2022年6月至2023年6月于沧州市中心医院儿科治疗的ITP患儿60例作为研究对象。按照治疗方法不同将所有ITP患儿分为实验组(n=30)、对照组(n=30)。对照组给予丙种球蛋白治疗,实验组给予磷酸奥司他韦联合丙种球蛋白治疗,两组均治疗14 d。观察两组治疗前及治疗14 d后血小板相关指标[血小板计数(PLT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板膜糖蛋白CD42b(CD42b)、血小板膜糖蛋白PAC-1(PAC-1)]、血清体液免疫指标(IgA、IgG及IgM)、血清血栓相关指标[纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1(PAI-1)、凝血酶调节蛋白(TM)]和不良反应。采用Logistic回归分析影响磷酸奥司他韦联合丙种球蛋白治疗儿童ITP疗效的因素。结果实验组总有效率为90.00%,高于对照组(60.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗14 d后,实验组PLT水平及CD42b、PAC-1表达水平分别为(316.96±34.38)×10^(9)、94.09±9.72、5.59±0.58,均高于对照组[(252.07±28.16)×10^(9)、83.08±8.61、4.49±0.47],MPV水平为(9.95±0.98)fe,低于对照组[(10.94±1.27)fe],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗14 d后,实验组血清IgG水平为(9.18±0.94)g/L,低于对照组[(11.57±1.36)g/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组血清IgA及IgM水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗14 d后,实验组血清PAI-1、TM水平分别为(32.97±3.46)μg/L、(88.06±9.13)ng/mL,均低于对照组[(51.98±5.32)μg/L、(102.95±12.27)ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同疗效ITP患儿的性别、出血情况、血小板计数、诱因间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);年龄、病程间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Logistic多因素回归分析,年龄、病程不是影响磷酸奥司他韦联合丙种球蛋白治疗儿童ITP疗效的因素(P<0.05)。结论磷酸奥司他韦联合丙种球蛋白治疗ITP患儿可有效保护PLT,纠正异常体液免疫,改善血栓相关指标水平,具有较高的安全性,且其疗效不受性别、年龄、病程、出血情况、血小板计数、诱因等因素的影响。

DME患者黄斑微循环和细胞因子与抗VEGF疗效的关系

目的探讨糖尿病黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)患者抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)治疗后黄斑区微循环和房水细胞因子表达的变化,并分析其与抗VEGF疗效的关系。方法选取2021年10月至2023年8月于南昌市第一医院就诊的DME患者62例(91眼),均行玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗。根据黄斑中心厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)的降幅将其分为疗效显著组(CMT降幅≥100μm,59眼)和非疗效显著组(CMT降幅<100μm或增加,32眼)。分析抗VEGF治疗后CMT、黄斑浅层毛细血管丛(superficial capillary plexus,SCP)血管密度(vessel density,VD)、中心凹无血管区(fovea avascular area,FAZ)、VEGF、白细胞介素(interleuki,IL)-6、IL-8、IL-10的变化。采用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评估各指标的疗效预测价值。结果治疗前,疗效显著组患眼房水的VEGF、IL-10均显著高于非疗效显著组,IL-8水平显著低于非疗效显著组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患眼房水的VEGF、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10均显著低于本组治疗前(P<0.05),疗效显著组患眼房水的VEGF、IL-6、IL-8均显著低于非疗效显著组,IL-10水平显著高于非疗效显著组(P<0.05);抗VEGF治疗前后,两组患眼的FAZ面积和SCP-VD均无显著变化(P>0.05)。相关性分析显示,基线房水VEGF(r=0.571,P<0.001)、IL-10(r=0.382,P=0.008)与CMT降幅呈正相关;IL-8与CMT降幅呈负相关性(r=–0.689,P<0.001);IL-6、FAZ面积、SCP-VD与CMT降幅无相关性(P>0.05);细胞因子水平与FAZ面积和SCP-VD无相关性(P>0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,基线房水IL-8、VEGF和IL-10预测抗VEGF疗效的曲线下面积分别为0.825、0.813和0.676。结论DME患者的基线房水VEGF、IL-8、IL-10水平与抗VEGF疗效相关,且能够预测抗VEGF疗效。

面向社交媒体的幽默计算理论与实践

幽默是人类独有的语言表达方式,具有幽默感的人可以构建和谐的交际氛围。如何识别社交媒体上的海量幽默文本和评价用户幽默感成为计算语言学领域面临的重大挑战。因此,我们从认知语言学的视角,提出从资源建设、幽默识别到幽默感评价的社交媒体幽默计算框架。首先,参照幽默的语义脚本理论,构建面向社交媒体的中文幽默语料库。然后,利用情感倾向性、语义不一致性及模糊性特征,对文本进行幽默识别。最后,从创作和欣赏两个维度进行用户的幽默感评价。幽默计算将有助于提升语言智能的水平,有助于提高阅读理解、人机对话、机器翻译等领域的应用性能。

糖尿病患者接种SARS-Cov-2疫苗后的免疫反应:系统评价

目的系统评价糖尿病患者在接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的体液和细胞免疫反应。方法检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,获取国内外于2019年12月1日至2022年5月12日公开发表的有关糖尿病患者接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的体液和细胞免疫反应的观察性研究,经由2名研究者独立筛选文献和提取资料后,采用美国国立卫生研究质量评价工具对纳入文献进行偏倚风险评价,使用描述性统计方法进行汇总分析。结果13篇文献共纳入66651例研究对象,其中5874例(7.9%)患有糖尿病。7篇文献报道了接种第1剂疫苗后糖尿病患者和对照组的免疫反应,其中3篇文献表明,接种1剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗后,糖尿病患者血清抗体水平和阳性率低于对照组;11篇涉及接种2剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗后的免疫反应的文献中,2篇报道了糖尿病患者可产生与对照组相似的抗体反应,9篇报道了糖尿病患者的血清抗体水平、阳性率或细胞免疫反应低于对照组。结论接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗后糖尿病患者和对照组体液和细胞免疫反应均有所增加,但糖尿病患者增加幅度普遍低于对照组。