Association mapping of lignin response to Verticillium wilt through an eight-way MAGIC population in Upland cotton

Lignin metabolism plays a pivotal role in plant defense against pathogens and is always positively correlated as a response to pathogen infection. Thus, understanding resistance genes against plant pathogens depends on a genetic analysis of the lignin response. This study used eight Upland cotton lines to construct a multi-parent advanced generation intercross(MAGIC) population(n=280), which exhibited peculiar characteristics from the convergence of various alleles coding for advantageous traits. In order to measure the lignin response to Verticillium wilt(LRVW), the artificial disease nursery(ADN) and rotation nursery(RN) were prepared for MAGIC population planting in four environments. The stem lignin contents were collected, and the LRVW was measured with the lignin value of ADN/RN in each environment, which showed significant variations. We employed 9 323 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers obtained from the Cotton-SNP63K array for genotyping the MAGIC population. The SNPs were distributed through the whole genome with 4.78 SNP/Mb density, ranging from 1.14(ChrA06) to 10.08(ChrD08). In addition, a genome-wide association study was performed using a Mixed Linear Model(MLM) for LRVW. Three stable quantitative trait loci(QTLs), qLRVW-A04, qLRVW-A10, and qLRVW-D05, were identified in more than two environments. Two key candidate genes, Ghi_D05G01046 and Ghi_D05G01221, were selected within the QTLs through the combination of variations in the coding sequence, induced expression patterns, and function annotations. Both genes presented nonsynonymous mutations in coding regions and were strongly induced by Verticillium dahliae. Ghi_D05G01046 encodes a leucine-rich extensin(LRx) protein involved in Arabidopsis cell wall biosynthesis and organization. Ghi_D05G01221 encodes a transcriptional co-repressor novel interactor of novel interactor of jasmonic acid ZIM-domain(JAZ–NINJA), which functions in the jasmonic acid(JA) signaling pathway. In summary, the study creates valuable genetic resources for breeding and QTL mapping and opens up a new perspective to uncover the genetic basis of VW resistance in Upland cotton.

Low-Temperature Response to Major Agronomic Traits by Using Recombinant Inbred Line(RIL) Populations Derived from Towada × Kunmingxiaobaigu

Development of the recombinant inbred line populations （RILs） is important basis to detect QTLs for cold tolerance at booting stage in rice. A set of 230 RILs derived from the cross of Towada and Kunmingxiaobaigu were used for evaluation of low-temperature response on major agronomic traits of plant height （PH）, panicle length （PL）, panicle exsertion （PE）, spikelet fertility （SF）, specific spikelet fertility （SSF）, and spikelets per panicle （SPP） under natural low-temperature growing environments in Yunnan Province, China. The results showed PH, PE, and SPP were mainly attributed by genotypes. PL was mainly influenced interactively by the genotypes × environments. SF and SSF were mainly controlled by the environments. Under the five different growth environments, F values of the six agronomic traits mentioned above ranged from 4.019 to 97.284. Significant difference was revealed between the lines. Under every environment, it indicated significantly positive correlation between SF and SSF, with correlation coefficients ranged from 0.826 to 0.885. It indicated significantly positive correlation between PH, PL, and PE. Under five different growing environments, variation coefficients of the six characters ordered in SSF （66.3%） 〉 PE （57.4%） 〉 SP （37.2%） 〉 SPP （16.2%） 〉 PH （9.6%） 〉 PL （6.4%）. SSF, PE and SF were most sensitive to low temperature stress at booting stage, while SPP, PH and PL being least. The RILs of Towada/ Kunmingxiaobaigu can be used as a genetic population to investigate cold tolerance at booting stage. SSF, PE and SF are most sensitive to cold tolerance at booting stage in rice. So far the the variation of PH, PL, and SPP related to cold tolerance are not clear under natural low-temperature environment. More tested environments and years are required to identify and evaluate cold tolerance at booting stage in rice.

Bayesian Estimation of Population Size via Capture-Recapture Model with Time Variation and Behavioral Response

We consider the problem of population estimation using capture-recapture data, where capture probabilities can vary between sampling occasions and behavioural responses. The original model is not identifiable without further restrictions. The novelty of this article is to expand the current research practice by developing a hierarchical Bayesian approach with the assumption that the odds of recapture bears a constant relationship to the odds of initial capture. A real-data example of deer mice population is given to illustrate the proposed method. Three simulation studies are developed to inspect the performance of the proposed Bayesian estimates. Compared with the maximum likelihood estimates discussed in Chao et al. (2000), the hierarchical Bayesian estimate provides reasonably better population estimation with less mean square error;moreover, it is sturdy to underline relationship between the initial and re-capture probabilities. The sensitivity study shows that the proposed Bayesian approach is robust to the choice of hyper-parameters. The third simulation study reveals that both relative bias and relative RMSE approach zero as population size increases. A R-package is developed and used in both data example and simulation.

Leadership,communication,and science:three pillars essential to public health emergency response and closing the gap in the HIV response among key populations

Globally,there have been multiple public health emergencies in recent decades.High rates of morbidity,occasionally mortality,and economic instability are usually associated with pandemics.One of the epidemics that has significantly increased morbidity and mortality worldwide is the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)pandemic.HIV has a disproportionately negative impact on key populations.Strong leadership,effective communication,and sound science are necessary for public health emergency(PHE)responses to be successful.These three PHE response pllars are also essential for bridging the HIV response gap among key populations in the setting of restrictive laws.In this review,we explored the importance of these three pillars of successful PHEs responses,and how they are essential to closing the gap in the HIV response among key populations.Leaders must make decisions and instil a sense of authority in the populace during PHEs to foster trust and confidence.Leaders should base their choices on scientific evidence.Effective communication during PHEs should be proactive,polite,imaginative,innovative,and constructive.To address gaps in the HIV response among key populations,leaders must create a supportive environment for effective communication and scientific research,communication should be used to raise awareness of HIV and to dispel stigma and discrimination,while science should provide evidence of efficacy and effectiveness of interventions amongkey populations.

A 2200-year Record of Seabird Population on Ganquan Island,South China Sea

Geochemical characteristics of a 107 cm long sediment profile,collected from Ganquan Island,South China Sea,were analyzed.Based on concentrations of bio-elements（Cu,Zn,Cd,Ba,As, Se,P）,^（210）Pb and AMS^（14）C dating,we reconstructed seabird population of Ganquan Island over the past 2200 years.Seabirds inhabited this island more than 2200 years ago,and their population displayed remarkable fluctuations with two peaks around 2100-1850 yr BP and 900-300 yr BP,respectively.The seabird population change profile on Ganquan Island is similar to that on Dongdao Island over the past 1800 years.We examined the relationship between the seabird population and climate,and found it quite complicated.The seabird population did not reach the maximum during the Medical Warm Period（MWP）with relatively high average temperature;however,it remained near the peak value for about 600 years during the climatic transition period and the Little Ice Age（LIA）,indicating that a relatively cool climate is favorable for seabirds on Ganquan Island.

Analyses of Numerical Responses and Main Life Parameters for Determining the Suppression of Amblyseius cucumeris on Panonychus citri

In this paper, the numeral response and main parameters of experimental population life table were analyzed for determining the suppressing ability of Amblyseius cucumeris on Panonychus citri. The result showed that: (1) Under 21-31°C and 1 - 9 prey densities/leaf fragment condition, the prey consumptions of A. cucumeris increased with the temperature or prey density; (2) In 1:3 predator-prey ratio treatment, the suppression of P. citri (Ro=34.0053; T=19.4369; t=3.8204) was rather weak, it was enhanced as the ratio over 5:30, and the populations of P. citri in these treatments can be fully controlled within 4-5 days; (3) Under 25±1°C, 80-85% RH and 15L: 9D illumination conditions, the net reproductive rate, mean generation duration and the time for population double increase of P. citri (Ro=34.0053; T=19.4369; t=3.8204) were higher than those of A. cucumeris (Ro=21.8750; T=16.8943; t=3.7954). While the intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase of the former (rm=0.1814; λ=1.1989) were lower than those of the latter (rm=0.1826; λ=1.2004). These results indicated that A. cucumeris is a desirable bio-control agent to suppress P. citri at lower population stage in citrus orchard.

Enhanced Deflection of Light Ray by Atomic Ensemble on Coherent Population Oscillation

In recent experiments [e.g., Nature Physics 2 （2006） 332], the enhanced light deflection in an atomic ensemble due to inhomogeneous fields is demonstrated by the electromagneticaJly induced transparency （EIT） based mechanism. In this paper, we explore a different mechanism for the similar phenomenon of the enhanced light deflection. This mechanism is based on the coherent population oscillation, which leads to the hole burning in the absorption spectrum. The medium causing the deflection of probe light is an ensemble of two-level atoms manipulated by a strong controlled field on the two photon resonances. In the large detuning condition, the response of the medium to the pump field and signal field is obtained with steady state approximation. And it is found that after the probe field travels across the medium, the signal ray bends due to the spatial-dependent profile of the control beam.

Improvement of the Legal System for Addressing the Issue of Elderly Care in China in the Context of Population Aging

Rapid population aging is a social reality facing China at present,and the issue of elderly care has become a hot topic of social concern.Legislation to address the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging should follow systematic concepts to achieve“vertical and horizontal integration.”In terms of content,it is necessary to formulate specific legal approaches around“the elderly and children,”with a focus on guaranteeing the livelihood and protection of the rights of the elderly while taking into account childbirth,employment and other issues.the laws should not only safeguard the social participation and labor rights of the elderly,but also effectively respond to the social challenges brought about by the aging of the population.It is also necessary to optimize the family planning policy to ease the burden of child-raising,improve the population structure and promote the long-term balanced development of the population,thus fundamentally solving the problem of population aging.the effort to improve the legal system to deal with the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging will better advance Chinese modernization.

Phase-response synchronization in neuronal population

In this study,we have formulated the phase description of the neuronal oscillator with non-instantaneous synaptic inputs and external periodic stimulus by using the phase sensitivity function.By numerical simulation,we have found that the phase of a neuronal oscillator undergoes periodic evolution or locked state,which is determined by the synaptic time constant.The synaptic time constant is also an important condition under which the global network is synchronized.When the synaptic time constant is relatively small,perfectly synchronized behavior quickly occurs in the neuronal population.As the synaptic time constant becomes slightly larger,periodic synchronization emerges in the neuronal population.However,synchronized activity in the neuronal population is lost for larger synaptic time constant.The external periodic stimulus can change the synchronization patterns in the neuronal population.With a weak low-frequency stimulus,the neuronal populations quick synchronized bursting;whereas a high-frequency stimulus can produce synchronized overlapping bursting.We have also found that neuronal oscillators with type-II phase response curves are more susceptible to synchronization than those with type-I phase response curves.

积极老龄化:理念、局限与拓展

积极老龄化理念是积极应对人口老龄化挑战的主要战略思路之一,在全球范围内成为一种天然正确的政治话语,“健康”“参与”和“保障”是三项主要内容。积极老龄化思想虽然具有诸多贡献,但同样也存在理论构建的局限与不足,表现为缺少供给视角、局限在应然维度、造成消极与积极的二元对立、忽略残病扩张对老年健康的冲击、忽视退休年龄太早下的老年人力资源开发。基于此,积极老龄化理论可以从“健康”“参与”“保障”“责任”和“可持续”五位一体角度进行拓展,进而为中国探寻积极应对老龄化之路提供启发与裨益。

新型工业化时期老龄产业的地位和机理

老龄化是人类文明进入发达形态的标志性现象,当观察和研究老龄化现象和老龄社会时,经济学的范式承诺就必须从“经济人”假设转变为结构性人口假设,每个国家都必须以新的思维和行为方式来安排全社会的生存模式。随着社会生产力的显著进步,人口受教育程度的提高,老龄人口发挥“活力”的需要也日趋增强;工业机器人技术可以为老龄智能机器人发展提供多方面的技术供应和创新借鉴,最大限度减少失能老人的无助和增强老人老龄产业的经济学效应,不仅体现在赋能助能老龄人口,使其活力化,而且体现在可以激发产业发展的供给侧创新和需求侧拉动,形成老龄产品市场供求结构的新格局。健康的自益性、公益性和公论性特质在老龄化国家和老龄社会受到社会各方的高度重视,大量经济资源和技术创新能力必然会流向老龄产业,在新型工业化时代,企业界更普遍地具有社会责任意识和行为特征,社会企业的发展空间也更为宽广,并具有很大的社会期望迫切性;老龄产业的发展将获得更大机会的空间拓展和形态完善,承担特殊的经济发展使命,成为新型工业化时代极具人本关怀特质的标志性产业之一。

湖南省人口变化特征分析与国土空间规划应对策略研究

人口结构变化正深刻影响着经济、社会、资源的发展方式,研究人口结构变化特征,把握人口发展规律与趋势,提出国土空间规划应对策略,对促进国土空间的高质量发展具有重要作用。文章基于人口普查数据,分析了湖南省近十年人口变化特征,提出了面向人口变化的国土空间规划应对策略。结果表明:(1)在规划响应机制方面,人口规模变化驱动规划需求、人口结构变化影响设施配置、人口城乡分布影响城乡格局、人口流动影响区域平衡。(2)在人口变化特征方面,湖南省人口规模呈负增长趋势,人口结构少子化老龄化趋势明显,城镇人口向主要的交通干道与经济通道集聚,人口流出规模与比例呈扩大趋势。(3)针对人口变化特征,国土空间规划应对策略包括分级分类引导、优化公共服务设施供给、强化城乡融合动能和提高产业发展效能。

适老化转型、基本养老服务供给与服务型政府建设——基于建立精准服务主动响应机制的思考

在基本养老服务场域中建立精准服务主动响应机制是中国政府积极应对人口老龄化问题、推动适老化转型的重要议题。适老化转型背景下服务型政府建立精准服务主动响应机制的愿景,可勾勒为政府在以人民为中心理念指导和全过程、多主体监督情境下,秉承主动性原则,运用大数据等技术来识别老年群体的基本信息及差异化需求,积极整合与配置养老资源,实现基本养老服务资源供给与老年人差异化需求精准匹配,并且及时跟踪基本养老服务满意度和需求变化,动态调整基本养老服务供给内容,从而推动养老服务模式由“人找服务”向“服务找人”转变。适老化转型背景下服务型政府建立精准服务主动响应机制应充分考虑公办养老机构和民办养老机构提供服务的行为特征、实践逻辑等要素,通过大数据赋能方式,建立起政府主导型精准服务主动响应机制和政府监管型精准服务主动响应机制,而这需要坚持价值、技术、组织和制度“四位一体”的行动逻辑,做到价值的精准定位、技术的精准嵌入、组织的精准引导和制度的精准发力。

人口老龄化与企业社会责任表现

随着我国人口老龄化进程的加快,人口年龄结构的变化将对中国社会经济产生全面而深刻的影响。在此背景下,以2010—2020年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,研究人口年龄结构变化如何影响企业在社会责任方面的表现。研究发现人口老龄化显著提升了企业社会责任表现。机制检验表明,人口老龄化会提高了企业的劳动力成本,进而促使企业提升社会责任表现。异质性检验表明,人口老龄化对企业社会责任表现的提升作用在劳动密集型企业、面临激烈市场竞争的企业以及声誉较低的企业中更为明显。进一步研究发现,人口老龄化不仅促进了企业在员工相关领域的社会责任投入,且企业社会责任表现的提升有助于缓解人口老龄化对企业劳动生产率的负面影响。这一发现突显了在应对人口老龄化挑战时,提升企业社会责任表现的重要性。本研究为企业和政府制定应对人口老龄化策略提供了实证依据和策略建议。

谁来养老:养老福利态度的城乡差异

使用中国综合社会调查2010年和2018年的数据,基于谁来负责老年人养老这一问题,分析了我国居民福利态度的城乡差异及其演变趋势。结果显示:第一,支持家庭而非政府承担养老责任是民众主流的福利态度。第二,养老保障供给主体偏好的转变存在着显著的时期效应,民众福利观念出现了从家庭责任向政府责任的转向。第三,民众的养老福利观念存在着显著的城乡差别。与农业户籍人口相比,非农业户籍人口更倾向于政府养老而非家庭养老。第四,城乡居民养老福利态度的演变并不同步,与非农村户籍人口相比,农业户籍人口由家庭负责养老向政府负责养老转变的速度更快。

Population-scale variability of the human UDP-glycosyltransferase gene family

Human UDP-glycosyltransferases(UGTs)are responsible for the glycosylation of a wide variety of endogenous substrates and commonly prescribed drugs.Different genetic polymorphisms in UGT genes are implicated in interindividual differences in drug response and cancer risk.However,the genetic complexity beyond these variants has not been comprehensively assessed.We here leveraged wholeexome and whole-genome sequencing data from 141,456 unrelated individuals across 7 major human populations to provide a comprehensive profile of genetic variability across the human UGT gene family.Overall,9666 exonic variants were observed,of which 98.9%were rare.To interpret the functional impact of UGT missense variants,we developed a gene family-specific variant effect predictor.This algorithm identified a total of 1208 deleterious variants,most of which were found in African and South Asian populations.Structural analysis corroborated the predicted effects for multiple variations in substrate binding sites.Combined,our analyses provide a systematic overview of UGT variability,which can yield insights into interindividual differences in phase 2 metabolism and facilitate the translation of sequencing data into personalized predictions of UGT substrate disposition.

长汀生态恢复区不同混交比例针阔混交林内马尾松种群动态及其驱动机制

[目的]分析我国亚热带生态恢复典型先锋物种马尾松在不同混交比例针阔混交林内的种群动态及其驱动机制,为深入理解亚热带植被重建与恢复进程奠定基础。[方法]基于福建省长汀县生态恢复区4块不同混交比例针阔混交林内马尾松种群调查数据,构建积分投影模型并运用弹性分析、生命表响应试验等方法,探究混交林内马尾松种群动态及其驱动机制。[结果]针阔混交林内马尾松种群整体表现为持续衰退状态(种群增长率λ<1),随着阔叶树种在林分中相对多度增加,马尾松个体平均存活率和平均繁殖率以及λ均呈先上升后下降趋势。弹性分析表明,个体存活对混交林内马尾松种群增长最重要,小径级个体正生长利于种群发展,繁殖对种群增长的影响较为有限。随着阔叶树种相对多度增加,对马尾松种群增长最重要的个体逐渐由幼苗转变为成年树,种群维持风险逐渐增大。生命表响应试验显示,个体生长差异是不同混交林间马尾松种群增长差异的主要来源。[结论]随着阔叶树种混交比例上升,马尾松种群内幼苗和幼年树的比例和重要性持续降低,成年树的比例和重要性不断增加,不同生活史阶段个体生命率的差异化响应驱动马尾松种群动态变化。

广州市人地关系的演化特征与规划应对——基于两次人口普查与国土调查数据的分析

广州市2010—2020年人口结构与空间格局深刻演变,造成城市人地关系发生巨大变化,对规划产生重大影响。本文以“七普”“六普”两次人口普查数据,以及“三调”变更、“二调”变更两次国土调查数据为基础,分析十年间广州市的人口总量与用地增长耦合关系、人口结构与用地结构变化关系、人口密度分布与用地效率变化关系,并基于特征问题提出相应的规划应对建议,为协调广州市人口与城市用地发展提供研究支撑。

无回答与计量误差叠加时总体方差的校准估计

非抽样误差是一种系统误差,在概率抽样、非概率抽样和全面调查中都可能存在,对统计数据质量和估计结果都会造成重要影响。当前对非抽样误差视角下有限总体参数估计方法的研究存在不足,对多种非抽样误差叠加时总体方差估计的研究也比较少。文章基于校准估计方法讨论了在两种非抽样误差同时存在的情况下,分层随机抽样中有限总体方差的估计问题。针对无回答和计量误差叠加存在的情形,提出了一种改进的总体方差校准估计量。在此基础上,考察了所提校准估计量的统计性质,并推导了其偏差和均方误差的一阶近似数学表达式。模拟研究和真实数据结果均显示,所提校准估计量相比Singh的校准估计量总是更有效的。

新疆乌什7.1级地震人口热力及其应急响应功能分析

2024年1月23日2时9分,新疆阿克苏地区乌什县发生7.1级地震。为快速了解震区人口分布情况,判定此次地震极震区范围,分别采集震区内2时及2时30分手机位置数据。利用核密度空间评估方法得到震前及震后人口分布状态与变化情况,并对变化的原因进行分析。研究表明:基于手机位置信息评估得到的震后人口热力数据在城市中心会出现与以往震例不同的“反常”升高现象;人口热力数据对地震诱发的公路边坡地质灾害有很好的响应;部分通信基站退服导致个别村庄人口热力“斑点式”减少,该现象有助于判别基站退服点的地震破坏程度。由于样本数据分布不均且地震发生在凌晨2时9分,人口变化率在刻画地震影响场的能力方面稍显不足。人口热力数据可以在震后应急响应阶段快速获取灾区人口分布与动态变化情况,为灾情信息的获取及地震初期救援力量的科学分配提供有效的数据支持。