Characteristics of non-magnetic nanoparticles in magnetically fluidized bed by adding coarse magnets

The fluidization behavior of SiO2, ZnO and TiO2 non-magnetic nanoparticles was investigated in a magnetically fluidized bed （MFB） by adding coarse magnets. The effects of both the amount of coarse magnets and the magnetic field intensity on the fluidization quality of these nanoparticles were investigated. The results show that the coarse magnets added to the bed lead to a reduction in the size of the aggregates formed naturally by the primary nanopartieles. As the macroscopic performances of improved fluidization quality, the bed expansion ratio increases whilst the minimum fluidization velocity decreases with increasing the magnetic field intensity, but for TiO2 nanoparticles there exists a suitable magnetic field intensity of 0.059 6 T. The optimal amounts of coarse magnets for SiO2, ZnO and TiO2 non-magnetic nanoparticles are 40%, 50% and 60% （mass fraction）, respectively. The bed expansion results analyzed by the Richardson-Zaki scaling law show that the exponents depend on both the amount of coarse magnets and the magnetic field intensity.

Effect of different deformation and annealing procedures on non-magnetic textured Cu_(60)Ni_(40) alloy substrates

In this work,a series of specimens was prepared by the casting method.Sharp cube-textured substrates were processed by heavy cold rolling and recrystallization annealing(i.e.,the rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates(RABi TS) method).Both the rolling and the recrystallization texture in the alloy tapes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron back-scatter diffraction,respectively.The results showed that a strong copper-type deformation texture was obtained in the heavy cold-rolled substrate.In addition,the recrystallization annealing process was found to be very important for the texture transition in the Cu–Ni alloy substrates.The cube texture content in the Cu60 Ni40 alloy substrates reached 99.7%(≤10°) after optimization of the cold-rolling procedure and the recrystallizing heat-treatment process,whereas the content of low-angle grain boundaries(from 2° to 10° misorientation) in the substrate reached 95.1%.

Tuning Martensitic Phase Transition by Non-Magnetic Atom Vacancy in MnCoGe Alloys and Related Giant Magnetocaloric Effect

The effects of non-magnetic atom vacancy on structural, martensitic phase transitions and the corresponding magnetocMoric effect in MnCoGel-x alloys are investigated using x-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. The introduction of non-magnetic atom vacancy leads to the decrease of the martensitic transition temperature and realizes a temperature window where magnetic and martensitic phase transitions can be tuned together. Moreover, the giant magnetocaloric effect accompanied with the coupled magnetic-structural transition is ob- tained. It is observed that the peak values of magnetic entropy change of MnCoGeo.97 are about -13.9, -35.1 and -47.4J.kg-1K-1 for △H = 2, 5, 7T, respectively.

Comparative efficacy of proximal femoral nail vs dynamic condylar screw in treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures

BACKGROUND Among the most frequent hip fractures are trochanteric fractures,which usually occur from low-energy trauma like minor falls,especially in older people with osteoporotic bones.AIM To evaluate the treatment efficacy of dynamic condylar screws(DCS)and proximal femoral nails(PFN)for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS To find pertinent randomized controlled trials and retrospective observational studies comparing PFN with DCS for the management of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures,a thorough search was carried out.For research studies published between January 1996 and April 2024,PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Google Scholar were all searched.The complete texts of the papers were retrieved,vetted,and independently examined by two investigators.Disputes were settled by consensus,and any disagreements that persisted were arbitrated by a third author.RESULTS This study included six articles,comprising a total of 173 patients.Compared to the DCS,the PFN had a shorter operation time[mean difference(MD):-41.7 min,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-63.04 to-20.35,P=0.0001],higher success rates with closed reduction techniques[risk ratio(RR):34.05,95%CI:11.12-104.31,P<0.00001],and required less intraoperative blood transfusion(MD:-1.4 units,95%CI:-1.80 to-1.00,P<0.00001).Additionally,the PFN showed shorter fracture union time(MD:-6.92 wk,95%CI:-10.27 to-3.57,P<0.0001)and a lower incidence of reoperation(RR:0.37,95%CI:0.17-0.82,P=0.01).However,there was no discernible variation regarding hospital stay,implant-related complications,and infections.CONCLUSION Compared to DCS,PFN offers shorter operative times,reduces the blood transfusions requirements,achieves higher closed reduction success,enables faster fracture healing,and lowers reoperation incidence.

Additive manufactured osseointegrated screws with hierarchical design

Bone screws are devices used to fix implants or bones to bones.However,conventional screws are mechanically fixed with thread and often face long-term failure due to poor osseointegration.To improve osseointegration,screws are evolving from solid and smooth to porous and rough.Additive manufacturing(AM)offers a high degree of manufacturing freedom,enabling the preparation of predesigned screws that are porous and rough.This paper provides an overview of the problems currently faced by bone screws:long-term loosening and screw breakage.Next,advances in osseointegrated screws are summarized hierarchically(sub-micro,micro,and macro).At the sub-microscale level,we describe surface-modification techniques for enhancing osseointegration.At the micro level,we summarize the micro-design parameters that affect the mechanical and biological properties of porous osseointegrated screws,including porosity,pore size,and pore shape.In addition,we highlight three promising pore shapes:triply periodic minimal surface,auxetic structure with negative Poisson ratio,and the Voronoi structure.At the macro level,we outline the strategies of graded design,gradient design,and topology optimization design to improve the mechanical strength of porous osseointegrated screws.Simultaneously,this paper outlines advances in AM technology for enhancing the mechanical properties of porous osseointegrated screws.AM osseointegrated screws with hierarchical design are expected to provide excellent long-term fixation and the required mechanical strength.

Biomechanical effects of posterior lumbar interbody fusion with vertical placement of pedicle screws compared to traditional placement

BACKGROUND The pedicle screw technique is widely employed for vertebral body fixation in the treatment of spinal disorders.However,traditional screw placement methods require the dissection of paraspinal muscles and the insertion of pedicle screws at specific transverse section angles(TSA).Larger TSA angles require more force to pull the muscle tissue,which can increase the risk of surgical trauma and ischemic injury to the lumbar muscles.AIM To study the feasibility of zero-degree TSA vertical pedicle screw technique in the lumbosacral segment.METHODS Finite element models of vertebral bodies and pedicle screw-rod systems were established for the L4-S1 spinal segments.A standard axial load of 500 N and a rotational torque of 10 N/m were applied.Simulated screw pull-out experiment was conducted to observe pedicle screw resistance to pull-out,maximum stress,load-displacement ratio,maximum stress in vertebral bodies,load-displacement ratio in vertebral bodies,and the stress distribution in pedicle screws and vertebral bodies.Differences between the 0-degree and 17-degree TSA were compared.RESULTS At 0-degree TSA,the screw pull-out force decreased by 11.35%compared to that at 17-degree TSA(P<0.05).At 0-degree and 17-degree TSA,the stress range in the screw-rod system was 335.1-657.5 MPa and 242.8-648.5 MPa,separately,which were below the fracture threshold for the screw-rod system(924 MPa).At 0-degree and 17-degree TSA,the stress range in the vertebral bodies was 68.45-78.91 MPa and 39.08-72.73 MPa,separately,which were below the typical bone yield stress range for vertebral bodies(110-125 MPa).At 0-degree TSA,the load-displacement ratio for the vertebral bodies and pedicle screws was slightly lower compared to that at 17-degree TSA,indicating slightly lower stability(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The safety and stability of 0-degree TSA are slightly lower,but the risks of screw-rod system fracture,vertebral body fracture,and rupture are within acceptable limits.

Roller Screw and Threaded Chain Speed Reducer: An Experimental Evaluation

We are developing a speed reducer that can be considered a transformation of a worm gear reducer: the worm is replaced by an inverted roller screw, and the gear is replaced by a threaded chain drive. This configuration lessens wear, increases load capacity, and improves efficiency. The threaded chain consists of nut-shaped links. This paper presents the results of tests carried out on a prototype with a reduction ratio of 46.

Clinical Effectiveness of the Plate Screw Internal Fixation Technique in the Treatment of Patients with Traumatic Fractures of Long Bones in the Lower Extremities

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the plate screw internal fixation technique on the clinical outcomes of patients with traumatic fractures of long bones in the lower extremities. Methods: From January 2022 to December 2023, 70 patients with traumatic fractures of long bones in the lower extremities were admitted to the hospital and randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the observation group, each consisting of 35 cases. The control group underwent traditional closed interlocking intramedullary nailing, while the observation group received internal fixation with steel plates and screws. Relevant surgical indicators, treatment effectiveness, and postoperative complication rates were compared between the two groups. Results: The observation group exhibited significantly short surgical duration (80.65 ± 5.01 vs. 88.36 ± 5.26 minutes), fracture healing time (13.27 ± 0.32 vs. 15.52 ± 0.48 weeks), and hospitalization days (10.49 ± 1.13 vs. 16.57 ± 1.15 days) compared to the control group (P = 0.000). The effective treatment rate was significantly higher in the observation group (29/82.86%) than in the control group (21/60.00%), with a significant difference observed (χ2 = 4.480, P = 0.034). Additionally, the complication rate in the observation group (2/5.71%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (8/22.86%), with a correlated difference (χ2 = 4.200, P = 0.040). Conclusion: The plate screw internal fixation technique demonstrates significant clinical efficacy in treating traumatic fractures of long bones in the lower extremities. It improves the healing rate, reduces complications, and represents a safe and effective treatment strategy worthy of widespread use and application.

股骨颈动力交叉钉联合空心钉治疗Pauwels Ⅱ型中青年股骨颈骨折的有限元分析

背景:股骨颈骨折是一种还未被解决的骨折,虽然涌现了空心螺钉、动力髋螺钉及股骨颈动力交叉钉等效果较好的植入物,但对于Pauwels角和剪切力较大的股骨颈骨折的最佳内固定方案尚无定论。目的:采用有限元分析法研究不同置钉位置的股骨颈动力交叉钉联合空心螺钉治疗PauwelsⅡ型中青年股骨颈骨折的生物力学特性。方法:根据提取的志愿者股骨CT数据建立Pauwels角为50°的股骨颈骨折模型,将股骨颈均分为3等分,构建4组模型:A组股骨颈动力交叉钉主钉位于股骨颈中间1/3;B组股骨颈动力交叉钉主钉位于股骨颈下1/3;C组股骨颈动力交叉钉主钉位于股骨颈下1/3+空心螺钉位于股骨颈上1/3;D组股骨颈动力交叉钉主钉位于股骨颈中间偏前内侧1/3+空心螺钉位于股骨颈中间偏后内侧1/3。在1200 N的载荷下测量4组股骨、内固定模型的应力分布及峰值、最大变形情况和骨折断面的应力分布。结果与结论:①通过有限元分析可知,C组的股骨及内固定模型的应力分布及峰值、最大变形情况和骨折断面的应力均小于其余3组;②B组相较于A组有着更小的股骨骨质、内固定物和骨折断面应力和位移,说明股骨颈动力交叉钉头钉放置于股骨颈下1/3比中1/3更稳定;③结果表明,股骨颈动力交叉钉头钉位于股骨颈下1/3联合股骨颈上1/3平行放置螺钉对青壮年PauwelsⅡ型股骨颈骨折具有更好的稳定性,是治疗该类型骨折的有效选择。

Numerical Simulations of Polymer Melt Conveying in Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruder

The 3 D non isothermal flow of non Newtonian viscous polymer melt in a co rotating twin screw extruder is modeled. The distributions of the velocity, temperature, pressure and the viscous dissipation in the flow domain are presented by using a fluid dynamics analysis package (Polyflow). The numerical results show that the temperatures are high in the intermeshing region and on the screw surface, the maximum pressure and the minimum pressure occur in the intermeshing region, and the flow rate is almost proportional to the screw speed.

颈前路减压融合ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统治疗退行性颈椎病的Meta分析

目的:颈前路减压融合术是治疗退行性颈椎病的经典手术方式,钉板的使用增加了融合率及稳定性的同时,间接导致了邻近椎体退变和术后吞咽困难的发生。文章通过Meta分析方法比较ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统和传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病患者的临床结果和并发症情况,为颈前路减压融合术中内固定方式的选择提供循证学支持。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和Embase数据库,检索关于颈前路减压融合术中应用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统与融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病的中英文文献。检索时间范围为各数据库建库至2023年7月。由2名研究者严格按照纳入与排除标准选择文献,采用Cochrane偏倚风险工具对随机对照试验进行质量评价,NOS量表对队列研究进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结局指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C_(2)-C_(7)Cobb角、融合率、邻近椎体退变发生率、融合器沉降率和吞咽困难发生率。结果:共纳入13项研究,其中回顾性队列研究11项,随机对照试验2项,共1136例患者,ROI-C组569例,融合器联合钉板组567例。Meta分析结果显示:ROI-C组与融合器联合钉板组在手术时间(MD=-15.52,95%CI:-18.62至-12.42,P<0.00001),术中出血量(MD=-24.53,95%CI:-32.46至-16.61,P<0.00001),术后邻近节段退变率(RR=0.40,95%CI:0.27-0.60,P<0.00001)和术后总吞咽困难发生率(RR=0.18,95%CI:0.13-0.26,P<0.00001)均具有显著性差异。两者在术后JOA评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C_(2)-C_(7)Cobb角、融合率和融合器沉降率方面无显著性差异(P≥0.05)。结论:在颈椎前路减压融合术中应用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统与传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病均可达到满意的临床效果,ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统操作更加简单,相比融合器联合钉板内固定能明显减少手术时间及术中出血量,在减少术后吞咽困难及邻近节段退变发生率等方面具有明显优势,对于跳跃型颈椎病及邻椎病翻修患者,更加推荐使用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统。但鉴于其可能存在较高的沉降率,对于多节段且合并融合器沉降高危因素如骨质疏松、椎体终板破损的退行性颈椎病患者,仍建议使用融合器联合钉板内固定。

机器学习预测肱骨近端骨折钢板内固定后继发性螺钉切出的风险

背景:继发性螺钉切出关节面是肱骨近端骨折锁定钢板内固定术后的主要并发症之一,切出的螺钉会磨损关节盂和引起肩峰撞击,影响肩关节功能。因此,准确的风险预测有积极的临床意义。目的:通过机器学习方法筛选肱骨近端骨折钢板内固定后继发性螺钉切出的风险因素,开发并验证风险预测模型,便于临床医生早期甄别并干预高风险患者。方法:收集2013年6月至2022年6月接受锁定钢板内固定治疗的214例肱骨近端骨折患者的临床资料作为训练组建立模型,将同一时间段另一医院收治的同类患者61例纳入外部验证组。按照患者术后是否出现继发性螺钉切出,分为螺钉切出组和螺钉维持组。训练组利用随机森林、支持向量机、逻辑回归3种机器学习算法构建预测模型;采用递归特征消除法、10折交叉验证重抽样作为变量的筛选方法,并将3种模型准确度最高时纳入变量的交集作为与螺钉切出高度相关的可靠风险变量。通过R语言软件构建动态预测模型,以网页计算器形式展示,并对模型进行内、外部验证。模型内部检验采用Bootstrap法重抽样1000次,使用受试者工作特征曲线下面积、校准曲线、临床决策曲线评价模型的区分度、校准能力及临床应用价值。通过Youden指数确定预测模型的最佳风险分界值,据此将外部验证组患者分为高、低风险组,根据模型风险预测能力的准确度来评价其稳定性和外延性。结果与结论:①机器学习算法筛选出继发性螺钉切出高度相关的4个风险变量,分别为肱骨近端内侧柱皮质支撑、三角肌结节指数、骨折类型及术后复位情况;②构建的风险预测模型表现出良好的区分度和准确度[曲线下面积=0.874,95%置信区间(0.827,0.922)],校准曲线显示模型预测风险和实际发生风险有较好的一致性;③临床决策曲线提示风险阈值概率在0.1-0.75范围内时,模型具有较好的临床适用性;④风险概率为26%是模型风险分层的最佳阈值,外部验证组利用模型风险分层预测螺钉切出的总正确率为84%;⑤结果说明该风险预测模型准确度和外延性较好,可为指导临床治疗提供依据。

斜外侧腰椎椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉内固定后前凸角与融合器沉降的关系

背景:随着医疗技术的不断进步,斜外侧腰椎椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉内固定已成为治疗腰椎退行性疾病的一种常用方法,然而关于术后不同节段前凸角变化与融合器沉降之间的关系尚缺乏深入研究。目的:探究斜外侧腰椎椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉固定后不同节段前凸角变化与融合器沉降的关系。方法:选择2019年2月至2023年4月于潍坊市中医院行斜外侧腰椎椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉固定治疗的腰椎退行性疾病患者93例为研究对象,根据术后椎间隙高度丢失值,分为融合器沉降组(25例,≥2 mm)和非融合器沉降组(68例,<2 mm)。采用多因素Logistic回归法分析融合器沉降的危险因素,应用逐步回归法评估各危险因素与融合器沉降的关系,构建风险预测模型并评价。结果与结论:①最终校正混杂因素后,腰椎前凸角丢失值和节段前凸角改善值均与融合器沉降风险仍存在独立相关性(P<0.05);②年龄、Oswestry功能障碍指数、椎间隙高度改善值、节段前凸角改善值以及腰椎前凸角丢失值,均是融合器沉降发生的独立影响因素(P<0.05),其中年龄、腰椎前凸角丢失值、椎间隙高度改善值和节段前凸角改善值与融合器沉降关联最紧密;③多元Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,当P=0.80时,约登指数最高,预测效果最好,准确度为89.27%,灵敏度为86.67%,特异度为89.89%;模型评价结果显示,其区分度较好、准确度较高;④随着腰椎前凸角丢失值和节段前凸角改善值升高,融合器沉降风险增加,影响临床疗效;⑤提示年龄、腰椎前凸角丢失值、椎间隙高度改善值和节段前凸角改善值与融合器沉降关联最紧密,临床医生应多加关注。

新型全皮质骨螺纹螺钉在腰椎改良皮质骨轨迹螺钉技术中的生物力学性能

背景:骨质疏松骨小梁结构不足以维持螺钉把持力,常导致脊柱内固定失败,现今主要通过以下4个方面进行解决:①螺钉自身材质;②表面涂层的处理;③钉道固化策略;④螺钉形状。改良皮质骨轨迹置钉技术的钉道已被证实有良好的固定效果,但目前急需研发与之配套的螺钉。目的:通过有限元分析法比较不同脊柱皮质骨螺纹螺钉在腰椎改良皮质骨轨迹置钉中的生物力学性能差异。方法:根据3具成人湿性腰椎标本(2男1女)的CT数据构建L_(4)椎体模型,并进行有限元分析。在改良皮质骨轨迹置钉技术中使用全皮质骨螺纹螺钉(单螺纹螺钉),螺钉全长45 mm,直径为5.5 mm和4.5 mm,分别作为A、B组;与传统椎弓根螺钉技术组(C组,直径6.0 mm、长度45 mm,双螺纹螺钉)和皮质骨轨迹置钉技术螺钉组(D组,直径4.5 mm、长度45 mm,双螺纹螺钉)进行对比。通过测定轴向抗拔出力、螺钉稳定性(上、下、左、右载荷位移比)、螺钉抗旋出扭矩比较各组螺钉的固定强度。结果与结论:①轴向抗拔出力:A组>B组(P=0.003),且A、B组均>C组(P<0.001,P=0.003)和D组(均P<0.001);②螺钉稳定性:在螺钉上、下两个方向施加载荷时,4种螺钉载荷位移比值为A组>B组(P>0.05),且A、B组>C组(均P<0.001)和D组(均P<0.001);③螺钉抗旋出扭矩:A组>B组(P=0.008),且A、B组均>C组(P=0.008,P=0.131);④提示在腰椎改良皮质骨轨迹置钉过程中,新型脊柱全皮质骨螺纹螺钉的力学性能与双螺纹螺钉在临床经典的椎弓根置钉轨迹及皮质骨轨迹中应用相比,具有更好的生物力学性能;且新型脊柱全皮质骨螺纹螺钉(D=5.5 mm、L=45 mm)可作为改良皮质骨轨迹置钉技术钉道最佳的适配。

后外侧胫骨平台骨折应用万向螺钉的有限元分析

背景:通过腓骨头上入路治疗后外侧胫骨平台骨折时,腓骨头与外侧平台间隙差无法满足所有患者行钢板后置。目的:有限元法分析腓骨头上入路治疗后外侧胫骨平台骨折过程中钢板横臂万向螺钉角度以及数量不同导致固定强度的差异。方法:选用一名30岁健康成年男性志愿者膝关节至踝关节的CT图像,建立有限元模型。根据外侧锁定加压钢板是否后置分为后置组和非后置组,后置组根据2枚万向螺钉的偏移角度分为A-D组(0°,5°,10°,15°);非后置组根据2枚万向螺钉的偏移角度分为E,F组(0°,15°)。采用有限元法评估250,500,750 N载荷下的von Mises应力分布、最大von Mises应力和压缩位移,探究各组之间的力学差异。结果与结论:①有限元分析结果显示:750 N载荷水平下,内固定装置的最大压缩位移趋势为D<B=C=F<A<E,最大von Mises应力趋势为B<C<A<D<F<E,骨的最大压缩位移趋势为C=D<B<A<F<E,最大von Mises应力趋势为B<C<A<F<D<E;6组模型在250-750 N的位移和应力趋势相似;②提示通过腓骨头上入路固定后外侧胫骨平台骨折,应尽量满足钢板后置2枚螺钉固定;当术中后置钢板仅满足1枚螺钉固定时,可使用万向螺钉在0°-15°范围内后偏,增加2枚螺钉的固定概率。

O臂导航在椎弓根发育性狭窄胸腰椎骨折中的精准应用

背景:传统透视辅助治疗椎弓根发育性狭窄的胸腰椎骨折时精准置钉存在困难,O臂导航辅助系统在普通的椎弓根置钉中精准性更高,但关于O臂导航辅助置钉在椎弓根发育狭窄胸腰椎骨折中的应用国内外鲜有报道。目的:探讨O臂导航辅助经皮椎弓根置钉在椎弓根发育性狭窄的胸腰椎骨折患者中的准确性。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年3月中部战区总医院骨科行经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定的53例椎弓根发育性狭窄的胸腰椎骨折患者,其中出现发育性狭窄的椎弓根共208个(患者多处椎弓根发育狭窄的分开统计)。依据手术方式分为2组:O臂导航组98个椎弓根,C臂透视组110个椎弓根。比较两组患者解剖学穿孔评分、功能性穿孔评分、实际与预期钉道的水平面、矢状面角度差等术后影像资料。结果与结论:①两组患者在椎弓根最窄宽度(pow)上没有显著差异(P>0.05);两组患者在不同程度的狭窄分组中(轻度狭窄组:6 mm≤pow<7 mm,中度狭窄组:5 mm≤pow<6 mm,重度狭窄组:pow<5 mm)的比例也没有显著差异(P>0.05);②O臂组在解剖学穿孔和功能性穿孔上的整体等级及评分低于C臂组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);在实际钉道与预期钉道夹角差方面,O臂组实际与预期钉道的角度偏差更小,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③在轻度及中度狭窄组中,O臂组在解剖学穿孔、功能性穿孔以及实际钉道与预期钉道夹角差方面表现出明显的优势,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);④O臂组在解剖学穿孔和功能性穿孔方面整体表现更佳,尤其在T12-L2节段,其优势更加显著;此外,O臂组在各节段的实际钉道与预期钉道夹角差方面均优于C臂组;⑤因此采用O臂导航辅助经皮置钉治疗椎弓根发育性狭窄的胸腰椎骨折,经皮置钉精准度及安全性更高。

枢椎支点螺钉在寰枢椎钉棒固定中复位能力的生物力学测试

背景:目前,寰枢椎脱位的手术治疗主要采取后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定系统进行提拉复位,术中常通过增大连接棒的弯曲度进而增加寰椎和枢椎间的落差来提升复位效果,但增加了手术难度及风险。枢椎支点螺钉直接增加了寰椎和枢椎间的复位落差,但其增加复位能力的程度尚不清楚。目的:测试枢椎支点螺钉的复位能力,并与普通螺钉进行对比。方法:选取6具新鲜人体颅颈标本,切除双侧侧块关节囊、寰齿关节囊及横韧带制成寰枢椎失稳模型,每具标本枢椎双侧均依次进行3种内固定:植入单轴枢椎支点螺钉(A组)、多轴枢椎支点螺钉(B组)及普通螺钉(C组),将柔性超薄式薄膜压力传感器置于寰齿前间隙,置入2根相同曲度连接棒,模拟提拉复位,获取寰齿前间隙压力,3组间进行对比分析。结果与结论:①A-C组标本寰齿前间隙压力分别为(97.59±8.58),(60.43±5.09),(22.74±0.81)N,3组间寰齿前间隙压力比较差异有显著性意义(F=251.603,P=0.000),3组间两两比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.000);②结果显示相较于普通颈椎后路螺钉,枢椎支点螺钉应用于后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定系统可提升复位能力,且单轴枢椎支点螺钉相较于多轴枢椎支点螺钉提升后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定系统的复位能力更佳。

四种不同内固定方式治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的有限元分析

背景:PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折可能承受更多的剪切力与弯曲力,因此容易发生内固定失效、骨不连或股骨头坏死等并发症,目前关于选择理想的内固定装置还没有达成共识。目的:通过有限元分析比较4种内固定方法治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的生物力学特性。方法:选取一名健康年轻志愿者的股骨CT数据导入Mimics软件,构建正常股骨的三维模型。根据70°骨折线模拟PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折,使用Geomagic和UG软件优化和构建4种骨折内固定模型:倒三角空心钉、股骨颈固定系统、股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(前)、股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(后)。最后利用Ansys软件分析4种不同内固定模型中股骨近端骨折块的应力分布、峰值应力和峰值位移;观察内固定装置和股骨颈骨折上断面的位移分布和峰值位移。结果与结论:(1)4组骨折近端碎片应力峰值集中在骨折线附近,峰值应力股骨颈固定系统组最大,倒三角空心钉组最小;(2)骨折碎片峰值位移均位于股骨头顶部,峰值位移倒三角空心钉组最大,股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(后)组最小;(3)内固定模型峰值位移均位于模型顶部,峰值位移倒三角空心钉组最大,股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(后)组最小;(4)断裂面的位移在断裂端的上部,峰值位移倒三角空心钉组最大,股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(后)组最小;(5)提示与其他3种内固定方式相比,股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(后)组表现出良好的生物力学稳定性;当PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折发生于年轻人时,从有限元分析的角度,使用其治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折可能是更有利的选择。

纤维带与无头加压螺钉治疗第1,2跖骨近端粉碎性骨折Lisfranc损伤

背景:Lisfranc韧带是维持足部横弓与纵弓的重要结构,Lisfranc损伤为一种严重的中足损伤。Lisfranc韧带损伤是复杂的,其治疗以及首选的固定方法有争议。目的:比较钢板联合Suturetape与钢板联合无头加压螺钉治疗第1,2跖骨近端粉碎性骨折Lisfranc损伤的短期疗效。方法:回顾性分析东莞市中医院骨七科2019年1月至2022年6月因第1,2跖骨近端粉碎性骨折Lisfranc损伤患者48例,其中25例采用钢板联合Suture tape固定(观察组),23例采用钢板联合无头加压螺钉固定(对照组)。术前参照影像学资料,根据Myerson分类系统进行分型;术后随访根据骨折愈合时间、目测类比评分、美国足踝外科学会标准评估足功能恢复情况,并对两组术后并发症进行比较分析。结果与结论:①两组患者均顺利完成手术并获得随访,随访时间12-36个月,平均(18.0±5.42)个月;②两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);③观察组较对照组骨折愈合时间稍长,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);④术后3,6,12个月随访,观察组较对照组目测类比评分明显降低(P<0.05);⑤术后6,12个月,观察组术后各时间点随访足功能AOFAS评分较螺钉组明显改善(P<0.05),且均较术前显著提高(P<0.05);⑥术后观察组出现1例创伤性关节炎,对照组出现1例切口感染、1例螺钉断裂及2例创伤性关节炎,两组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),考虑与样本量偏少有关;⑦提示对于第1,2跖骨近端粉碎性骨折Lisfranc损伤,实施钢板联合Suture tape内固定治疗Lisfranc关节损伤效果可靠,可改善患者足关节功能,且具有手术创伤小、术后并发症少、远期医源性创伤性关节炎风险低的优势,较无头加压钉更有利于足功能的恢复。

后路C_(2-3)固定结合顶棒置入与单纯后路C_(2-3)固定治疗不稳定Hangman骨折的比较

背景:Hangman骨折中Ⅱ、ⅡA、Ⅲ型常需手术治疗,手术方式选择存在较大争议,目前均存在术后复位不全及畸形愈合等不足;前期作者团队使用C_(2-3)拉力螺钉结合经口顶棒技术间歇性推顶C2椎体治疗不稳定Hangman骨折,取得了满意的临床疗效,但前期研究样本少,且缺少对照组比较。目的:比较后路C_(2-3)固定结合经口顶棒技术和单纯后路C_(2-3)固定治疗不稳定Hangman骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析西南医科大学附属医院收治的行后路C_(2-3)固定手术治疗的55例不稳定Hangman骨折患者临床及影像学资料,根据手术方案分为2组,其中23例患者接受后路C_(2-3)固定结合经口顶棒技术治疗(A组),32例接受单纯后路C_(2-3)固定术(B组)。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症、术前及末次随访时疼痛目测类比评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、美国脊髓损伤协会脊髓损伤分级和患者满意度(Odom’s分级);另外对比各观察时间点C_(2-3)移位和成角及其他影像学指标的变化。结果与结论:①两组患者手术时间、术中出血量和术后并发症发生情况比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②两组患者末次随访颈痛目测类比评分和颈椎功能障碍指数较术前获得显著改善(P<0.05),Odom’s分级显示A组优良21例(91%);B组优良29例(91%);两组各项临床疗效指标比较差异均无显著性意义(均P>0.05);③两组术前C_(2-3)成角和位移差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);术后及末次随访时,两组患者C_(2-3)成角和位移均较术前明显减小,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);术后和末次随访上述指标比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);术后及末次随访时,A组C_(2-3)位移和成角较B组明显减小,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);④末次随访时,A组患者均未发生残余畸形,B组发生残余畸形4例(13%,4/32);⑤因此,后路C_(2-3)固定结合经口顶棒技术可能有利于枢椎体复位和稳定,减少畸形愈合,获得更好的复位。