Survey on the Status Quo of Emergency Response Capabilities of Public Health Emergencies in Grassroots Disease Control Institutions in a Certain Area

Objective:To survey and study the emergency response capabilities of grassroots disease control institutions in a certain area for public health emergencies,and to put forward suggestions for rectification.Methods:The study was carried out from March 2022 to March 2023.Field surveys,questionnaire surveys,and interviews were used to investigate and analyze the emergency response capabilities of public health emergencies in 5 county Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)in the region.Results:Through the survey,it was found that the professional level of the existing emergency team personnel of the grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.There was an overall lack of emergency plans,and the compliance rate of the equipment,inspection,and testing items was low.The health emergency system of the CDCs in the region and the ability of the talent team need to be further improved.Conclusion:The emergency response capacity of grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.For this reason,government departments need to increase investment and strengthen the construction of talent teams and hardware settings,and grassroots disease control institutions need to strengthen the construction of the public health emergency system to improve the ability to respond to public health emergencies.

HIV/AIDS related mortality among adult medical patients in a tertiary health institution in South-South,Nigeria

Objective:To determine the causes of death among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) patients as a step to planning strategies to improve mortality from this condition.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the mortality pattern of adult HIV/AIDS patients in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital from January 2005 to December 2007.The data were obtained from sexually transmitted infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(STI/AIDS) clinic register,admissions and discharge/death registers as well as the patients’ case records and the hospitals monthly mortality reviews.Information obtained included age,sex,diagnosis and cause(s) of death.The causes of death considered were the direct causes of death,since the originating antecedent cause of death is the same in all the patients,in this case,HIV/AIDS.Data was analysed using Epi Info 2002.Results:The total number of mortalities during the study period was 350,100 were HIV positive representing 28.6%of all deaths.While advanced HIV/AIDS disease was the leading cause of death in our study representing 27.0%,tuberculosis was the single leading cause of deaths in HIV/AIDS patients constituting about 24.0%of deaths.This was followed by sepsis and septicaemia(13.0%), meningitis and encephalitis,and anaemia accounting for 11.0%,while respiratory diseases constituted 5.0%of the mortality burden.The highest number of deaths occurred in those aged between 21-50 years(82.0%).Conclusions:The study has shown that HIV/AIDS is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in our hospital.The causes of death reflect the varied spectrum of infection and other forms of organ involvement that affect HIV/AIDS patients.The present dismal situation of adult patients living with HIV/AIDS calls for enhanced strategies to decrease the mortality trend observed in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa.

Model of Healthcare-Associated Infection Control in Primary Health Care Institutions:A Structural Equation Modeling

The purpose of this study was to construct the model of organization system,managemcnt,training and surveillance in healthcare-associated infection prevention and control(IC)of primary health care institutions and identify its efleet on patient safety and decreasing economic burden by standardizing IC.A cross-sectional survey was conducted with questionnaires.Data were collected from 268 primary health care institutions in Hubei province,China.Hypotheses on the model of IC were analyzed by means of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.The results showed that the fit indices of the hypothesized model of IC satisfied recommended levels:root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.071;comparative fit index(CFI)=0.965;tucker lewis index(TLI)=0.956:weighted root mean square residual(WRMR)=1.014.The model showed that organization system had a direct effect on management(β=0.311.P<0.01),and training(β=0.365,P<0.01).Management and training played an intermediary role that partially promoted organization system impact on surveillance.Results also showed that institutional factors such as the number of physicians、the ninnber of nurses,the designated capacity of beds,the actual number of open beds and surgery trips had positive impacts on management(β=0.050,P<0.01;β=0.181,P<0.01;β-0.111.P<0.01;β=0.064,P<0.01;β=0.084,P=0.04);nd training(β=0.21,P=0.03;β=0.050,P=0.02;β=0.586.P=0.01;0=0.995,P=0.02;β=0.223.P=0.03).In conclusion.the model of organization system,managemcnt,training and surveillancc in IC of primary health care institutions is valuable tor guiding IC practice.

Association between availability of glucose-lowering drugs in primary health institutions and diabetes patients’medication adherence:a cross-sectional study in Shandong Province,China

Background:Primary health care system is a critical component of diabetes care and management.This article aimed to analyze the availability of glucose-lowering drugs in primary health institutions(PHIs)in China,and to explore the relationship between availability of glucose-lowering drugs and medication adherence among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study conducted in Shandong Province,eastern China(hereafter referred to as Shandong),between August and December 2017.In total,2520 community-managed T2DM patients were selected from 68 PHIs in Shandong,including 62 village-level and 6 township-level PHIs.The self-developed questionnaire was used to survey the availability of glucose-lowering drugs in PHIs.Patients’medication adherence was assessed by four self-reported questions,and was classified as either adherent or non-adherent.Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the availability of glucose-lowering drugs in PHIs and the medication adherence among the T2DM patients.Multilevel logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between the availability of glucose-lowering drugs in PHIs and patients’medication adherence.Results:A total of 1866 T2DM patients prescribed with at least one glucose-lowering drug were included in analysis.Among them,58.5%patients followed their antidiabetic treatment well.In village-level PHIs,the patient’s adherence rate was lower than in township-level PHIs(55.9%vs.61.1%,P<0.05).Among the 68 PHIs,average(2.53±0.97)glucose-lowering products(generic names)were available,which in village-level PHIs were less than in township-level PHIs(2.47 vs.3.17,P<0.05).And the number of available glucose-lowering products in PHIs was associated with the adherence of T2DM patients.Conclusion:Poor availability of glucose-lowering products was found in PHIs in Shandong.The availability of glucose-lowering products in PHIs was positively associated with patients’medication adherence,and could be enhanced to improve the control of diabetes in primary care settings.

Research on the mental health condition of the elderly under the institution for the aged

After entering the aging society, the pension problem of the elderly population has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current and future social life of our country. The rapid growth of the elderly population will inevitably bring about changes in the family structures, which leads to the inevitable development trend of the old-age pension institutions for the elderly. With the progress of the society, the needs of the elderly for the old-age pension are not only satisfied with their life care, but also with the spiritual needs. Based on the planning contents of the 13th Five-Year Plan for the elderly, on the basis of the Maslow＇s demand level theory, this paper analyzes the present status of the services of the institutions for the elderly to the elderly psychological health, and concludes that the needs of the emotions of the elderly, the needs of their self-esteem, the needs of their self-realization and their physiological needs of the elderly and their security needs are equally important.

Research on the Construction of Pharmacy Organization and the Development of Pharmaceutical Services in China’s Primary Medical and Health Institutions—Based on the Survey of 5 Provinces

Objective To explore the current situation and problems of the pharmacy organization and pharmaceutical services in primary medical and health institutions so as to provide a reference for improving relevant policies.Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to collect questionnaires from primary medical and health institutions in 5 provinces,and 102 questionnaires were distributed.Then Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS 21.0 software were applied for descriptive statistical analysis,chi-square test and multiple response analysis.Results and Conclusion A total of 92 primary medical and health institutions participated in the survey,and 92 valid questionnaires were recovered.The survey shows that 54.1%of the institutions have established more than 8 pharmaceutical administration regulations.63.5%and 31.8%of the institutions have formulated pharmaceutical administration and pharmacotherapy team charters(or management systems).29.7%of institutions have pharmacy personnel in accordance with relevant regulations.The higher proportion of pharmacy services are prescription review and adjustment,medication guidance,collecting and reporting adverse reactions,medication errors and medication hazard information.Primary medical and health institutions still need to further improve their pharmaceutical administration system,organizational structure,pharmacy professional training and clinical pharmacy service.

Exploration on the Implementation of the Integration of Medical and Preventive Model in China’s Primary Health Care Institutions

Objective To explore the different modes and approaches of medical and preventive integration in current primary health care institutions in China.Methods Through literature analysis,field research,telephone interviews,and other methods the implementation status was evaluated to systematically study the main experience and effect of implementing medical and preventive integration services in pilot areas.Results and Conclusion At present,there are three implementation modes of medical-prevention integration,namely,vertical mode based on the medical community,internal mode with optimized service process,and internal mode with great service capabilities.The three medical-prevention integration modes have their respective focuses,but they need to be further improved in terms of policy support,technical staffing,information system construction,and drug use.

Effects of Peer Health Education on Sexual Health Knowledge and Attitudes of Tertiary Institution Students in Imo State, Nigeria

This study was designed to determine effects of peer-health-education on sexual health knowledge and attitudes of tertiary institution students in Imo State Nigeria by determining the mean gain scores of sexual health knowledge and attitudes after peer health education. Quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) research design was employed. Two hundred students drawn from the University, Polytechnic and College of Education, using a multi-stage sampling technique participated in the peer sessions which were facilitated by trained peer educators. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and Z-test. Findings revealed improved knowledge and attitudes on sexual health, as depicted by positive mean gain scores. Age group 16 - 20 years had the highest mean gain score (<img src="Edit_8e8f0539-e2c6-47bc-80f1-ccaee4c06df5.png" alt="" /> = 22.31) of sexual health knowledge than the rest, while age group 26 - 30 years had the highest mean gain score (<img src="Edit_dec53aa0-f549-425f-baf4-08f39aaf05fd.png" alt="" /> = 10.59) of sexual health attitudes. Males had higher mean gain score (<img src="Edit_e767bc6a-c1f3-4f0a-8b31-814581d9dd64.png" alt="" /> = 26.05) of sexual health knowledge, while females had higher mean gain score (<img src="Edit_79f87968-38f8-4873-8516-f5370ba691df.png" alt="" /> = 9.77) of sexual health attitudes. The first years (100 level students) had the highest mean gain score (<img src="Edit_3f417e44-7627-4d69-860e-94c94ae7db0e.png" alt="" /> = 25.71) of sexual health knowledge and also had the highest mean gain score (<img src="Edit_2a60fbc7-0a2c-49fe-b9a2-1cea354966a3.png" alt="" /> = 14.12) of sexual health attitudes. Level of study was significant both for knowledge and attitudes (P < 0.01). It is recommended that peer-health-education be explored further as a method of communicating sexual health issues to tertiary institution students and youths generally.

The situation of primary care institutions under the background of new medical reform in China

[目的] 分析新医改背景下我国基层医疗卫生机构的发展现状,探讨存在的问题,为进-步完善基层 卫生事业改革发展提供参考.[方法]利用2008 - 2 0 1 2年中国卫生统计年鉴数据,对基层医疗卫生机构基础设 施、人才配置和卫生服务利用状况进行分析.[结果] 2008 - 2 0 1 2年我国基层医疗卫生机构总数量年平均增速 为 1.55%,其中西部地区的机构数量最少、但年平均增速最快,中部地区的数量比西部多比东部少;在三大基 层医疗卫生机构当中,社区卫生服务中心（ 站）、乡镇卫生院和村卫生室机构数量年平均增长率分别为8 . 4 4 %、 -1.3%和 1.6%; 三大基层机构卫生技术人员数量年平均增长率分别为2 0 . 2 5 %、3% 和 5 . 0 2 % ; 三大基层机构 诊疗人次数年平均增长率分别为2 3 . 6 8 %、3. 96% 和 8. 92 %.截至2 0 1 2年 ,社区卫生服务中心卫生技术人员的 学历以大专为主（占40. 9%）,职称以师级/助理为主 （占32. 8%）; 乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员的学历以中专为 主 （占51. 3%）,职称以士级为主（占40. 2%）.[结论]新医改后我国基层医疗卫生机构发展迅速,但资源分 布仍不均衡;基层卫生技术人员数量不断增加,但学历职称层次仍偏低;基层医疗卫生机构卫生服务利用增 加 ,但患者就医仍缺乏有效引导.

Description of the National Institutes of Health

Introduction The National Institutes of Health （NIH）, a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is the nation＇s medical research agency-making important discoveries that improve health and save lives.Thanks in large part to NIH-funded medical research, Americans today are living longer and healthier. Life expectancy in the United States has jumped from 47 years in 1900 to 78 years as reported in 2009, and disability in people over age 65 has dropped dramatically in the past 3 decades. In recent years, nationwide rates of new diagnoses and deaths from all cancers combined have fallen significantly.

National Institutes of Health Funding for disease categories related to Neural Regeneration Research

The National Institutes of Health （NIH）, a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the nation＇s medical research agency-making important discoveries that improve health and save lives.Thanks in large part to NIH-funded medical research, Americans today are living longer and healthier. Life expectancy in the United States has jumped from 47 years in 1900 to 78 years as reported in 2009, and disability in people over age 65 has dropped dramatically in the past 3 decades. In recent years, nationwide rates of new diagnoses and deaths from all cancers combined have fallen significantly.

Pressure Ulcers in Institutionalized Elderly People:Association of Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors

Objective: To evaluate the association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and risk factors with occurrence of pressure ulcers in institutionalized elderly people. Method: This cross-sectional, analytical study, in quantitative approach, performed from the database analysis linked to the project “Pressure Ulcer in institutionalized elderly people: Association of incidence with the risk factors to functional and nutritional assessment” developed in six long-stay institutions for the elderly people in Jo&atildeo Pessoa. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Associations were made through chi square test and Odds Ratio. Results: The clinical conditions of significant associations with the occurrence of pressure ulcers were the variables neurological disorders (p = 0.011) and visual impairment (p = 0.005). As for risk factors, the most important was fecal incontinence (p Conclusion: The analysis of the associations pointed out problems that require intervention in order to prevent health implications of the elderly people and to minimize the risk and occurrence of this injury.

The National Formation of the Right to Health:Taking Broadcast Gymnastics as an Example

Broadcast gymnastics,which was initiated in 1951,is one of the most widely adopted and popular mass sports activities in China,embodying the country's commitment to shaping the right to health of its citizens.The history and development of broadcast gymnastics are closely tied to the destiny of the nation,reflecting clear national will,and aiming to achieve the goal of“shaping new individuals”.The institutional forms of broadcast gymnastics can be categorized into three stages:“military simulation”,“administrative reinforcement”and“market competition”,each of which aligns with the objectives and needs of different periods.Taking the establishment and promotion of broadcast gymnastics in China as a focal point helps construct a doctrinal framework for the right to health.Based on the purposes and means of health shaping,the implementation of the right to health can be divided into four types:national health projects,citizens'health rights,the social health industry,and civic health consumption.National health projects,facilitated by legislative mechanisms,provide institutional support and supply for citizens'health rights.The right to health,as a social right,has both a subjective rights orientation and an objective value order orientation,thus establishing the individual's subject status in terms of their right to health.Its defense aspect is oriented toward rejecting excessive state intervention,while the benefit aspect directly links to the state's payment measures.The boundaries of state power also need to be defined in the social health industry and civic health consumption.Hence,developing broadcast gymnastics involves adjusting its relationship with the overall objectives of the state and individual citizens'needs.It involves balancing the use of administrative and market methods,continually innovating sports programs that better suit diverse needs,and actively participating in the competition of the fitness market.

基层医疗卫生机构以健康价值为导向的运行成就与效能研究

目的:分析健康价值导向下基层医疗卫生服务绩效评价指标体系的应用效果,评估基层医疗卫生机构以健康为中心的运营成就与效能。方法:选取杭州市X地区和台州市Y地区6家基层医疗卫生机构作为调查对象,采用综合指数法和数据包络分析测算基层医疗卫生机构健康产出的运行效能。结果:样本地区基层医疗卫生机构以健康价值为导向的整体运行成就平均得分为70.01分、整体运行效能为0.794,66.67%的基层医疗卫生机构存在着不同程度的医疗和预防资源投入冗余与健康产出不足。结论:基层医疗卫生机构以健康价值为导向的整体运行成就仍有较大提升空间,应增强基层健康管理能力,提升内在运行过程效能,实现健康产出效益最大化。

Study on the demand for public health professional after the COVID-19 epidemic in Zhejiang Province, China: A survey based on human-machine collaboration

To understand the needs of public health institutions in Zhejiang Province,China for public health personnel,and provide basis for training public health personnel.Methods:512 public health institutions in Zhejiang Province were randomly selected from different levels and regions,and the number of ublic health professional and the demand for professional ability were investigated by questionnaire.Results:The preventive medicine personnel in public health institutions in Zhejiang Province are insufficient;There is a certain disjunction or dislocation between the abilities and needs of public health professional;The way of continuing education for public health professional is single and the opportunities are few.Conclusion:Zhejiang Province should appropriately expand the enrollment of preventive medicine majors,especially high-level preventive medicine talents,deepen the education and teaching reform of preventive medicine majors,and strengthen the continuing education and training of public health professional to meet the needs of public health services after the COVID-19 epidemic.

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND ENGINEERING CHINESE ACADEMY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

The Institute of Environmental Health and Engineering,consisting of the previousDepartment of Environmental Health and the Department of Sanitary andEnvironmental Engineering of the Institute of Health founded in 1954,was establishedin1986.This Institute has around 220 staff in total and 11 departments,namely,theDepartment of Environmental Epidemiology;Department of EnvironmentalChemistry;Department of Environmental Toxicology;Department of EnvironmentalMicrobiology;Department of Soil Hygiene;Department of Water Treatment;

新一代人工智能驱动档案信息化建设的现状和趋势探讨——基于医疗机构的考察

探讨新一代人工智能技术在档案信息化建设中的应用现状和趋势,并以医疗机构为调查对象进行实证分析。通过分析新一代人工智能技术在档案信息化建设中的应用现状和趋势,结合在医疗机构的调查分析,提出了调查设计和方法,并进行了调查结果统计和分析。探讨了医疗档案信息化建设的特点和需求,分析了新一代人工智能技术在医疗档案信息化建设中的现状、趋势、挑战和未来的发展方向,提出了新一代人工智能技术驱动档案信息化建设建议和展望。

专利计量视域下医疗与健康保险机构间数据交互技术探析

目的/意义探析相关专利技术,为医疗与商业健康保险机构打通数据交互堵点、建构多层次医疗保障体系提供经验借鉴。方法/过程采用专利计量方法,围绕相关专利技术的时间趋势、地域分布、类别分布、文本聚类4方面分析医疗与健康保险机构之间的数据交互专利技术。结果/结论中国应重视数据交互在医疗与健康保险机构深化合作中的作用,增进高质量专利的申报、授权、运用和保护,重视跨界融合与技术驱动,创新专利布局以顺应技术发展和社会需求等。

我国城市社区医生医疗服务能力现状问题与对策研究

背景:随着新医改的推进,社区卫生服务机构的首诊、双向转诊等分级诊疗措施的开展已成为我国分级诊疗制度落实的重要载体,要实现社区首诊,重点在于社区医生的医疗服务能力建设。目的:通过调查我国城市地区基层医生医疗服务能力现状,探讨提升社区卫生服务机构医疗服务能力的策略。方法:采用多阶段分层抽样和典型抽样相结合的方法,选取我国东中西部城市社区卫生服务机构的2372名医生开展线上问卷调查,使用课题组既往开发的基层医生卫生服务能力体系指标,选取其中医疗服务部分的指标为依据设计问卷调查,了解社区医生对常见病、多发病诊治,危急重症处置,医疗服务协同,社区康复服务以及中医药服务等5个方面的医疗服务综合能力具备情况。结果:共回收问卷2473份,将涉农区的村卫生室和乡村医生从本次调查中剔除101份,实际参与分析问卷为2372份,问卷有效率为95.91%。2372名社区医生中,以本科及以上学历为主,占67.7%(1606名),其次是大专学历,占24.6%(583名)。年龄以30~44岁为主,共1391名占58.6%。有1860名(78.4%)、1686名(71.1%)、1400名(59%)1276名(53.8%)、1330名(56.1%)社区医生具备常见病、多发病诊治,危急重症处置,医疗服务协同,社区康复服务以及中医药服务能力。在医疗服务能力具备率方面,社区医生在医疗服务综合能力方面尤其是危急重症应急处置能力、社区康复服务以及中医药服务等能力具备方面相对薄弱。结论:我国社区医生队伍素质总体水平需进一步提升,常见病、多发病诊治能力具备情况较好,社区医生医疗服务存在短板与不足,各地区应从完善政策和加强培训等方面有针对性地进行“短板”集中“补钙”,使其能承担起社区医疗服务的责任。

基于SHA 2011的天津基层医疗卫生机构基本公共卫生服务开展情况分析

[目的]强化经常性卫生费用核算数据政策分析,为基本公共卫生服务项目后续开展提供依据。[方法]以天津市2016-2019年基层医疗卫生机构预防服务费用核算结果为基础,分析基层医疗卫生机构基本公共卫生服务项目开展情况和存在问题。[结果]2016-2019年,天津市基层医疗卫生机构预防服务费用呈逐年增长趋势,由2016年的14.25亿元增加至2019年的18.04亿元。预防服务费用主要流向预防接种项目、慢性病管理和老年人健康管理项目;预防服务费用筹资来源仍以政府筹资方案为主,但家庭卫生支出占比呈快速增长趋势,主要是由于二类疫苗接种费用的快速增长所致。[结论]天津市基层医疗卫生机构预防服务费用流向与其基本公共卫生工作重点一致,但基层医疗卫生机构传染病防控投入程度与其职能不匹配。基层医疗卫生机构二类疫苗接种服务家庭卫生支出负担过重。