Effect of sex and rearing system on the quality and mineral content of fiber from raeini cashmere goats

The aim of this study was to compare the quality characteristics and mineral content of the fiber from male and female cashmere goats raised under different management systems. Male and female Raeini cashmere goats （〈1.5 years of age, n=48） were selected from flocks raised at a government breeding station or raised commercially under either rural or nomadic conditions. The staple length, cashmere fiber diameter, coefficient of variation for fiber diameter, percentage of cashmere in a fleece, percentage of guard hair in a fleece and cashmere tenacity averaged 4.6 ±0.1 cm, 18.0 ±0.1 um, 20.9±0.4%, 66.1 ± 1.5%, 33.8± 1.5% and 1.8±0.2 gf/tex, respectively. The sulfur, copper and zinc content of the cashmere averaged 2.8 ± 0.1%, 0.00065 ± 0.00002% and 0.01276 ± 0.00025%, respectively. Rearing method significantly affected staple length, coefficient of variation of fiber diameter, cashmere tenacity and copper content. Males had a higher coefficient of variation of fiber diameter and cashmere tenacity than females （P 〈 0.05）.

Mechanical Properties of Mo Fiber-reinforced Resin Mineral Composites with Different Mass Ratio of Resin and Hardener

Mo fibers were added to RMC with different mass ratios of resin and hardener to improve its mechanical properties. The influences of fiber surface state and hardener content on interface bonding strength and mechanical properties of RMC were studied, respectively. Furthermore, strain values of typical measuring points on samples of Mo fiber reinforced RMC(MFRRMC) under different loads were obtained by experiments and finite element analysis. The experimental results prove that scrap Mo fibers can improve interface bonding strength and mechanical properties of RMC better than new smooth Mo fibers because of the discharge pits randomly distributed on the surface of scrap fibers. With the decrease of hardener content, not only interface bonding strength between fiber and matrix, but also compression and flexural strength of MFRRMC increase firstly and then decrease. The properties are best while the mass ratio of resin and hardener reaches 4:1. It is indicated that finite element calculation data basically agree with experimental data by comparison of strain values on typical measuring points, which can provide an important intuitive reference for successive study on other mechanical properties of MFRRMC, validating the correctness of simulation method as well.

Status and development of mineral wool made from molten blast furnace slag

This study describes the characteristics of mineral wool and its applications,and also introduces the traditional process of mineral wool made from molten blast furnace （BF） slag. Compared with high energy consumption of the traditional process,the production of mineral wool by using molten BF slag will be able to take full advantage of the sensible heat of molten slag, and also reduce production costs. However, there are also further issues to resolve such as how to obtain the required amount of molten BF slag and how to make it homogeneous. Based on the physical and chemical properties of the molten BF slag,the investigation into the relationship between temperature and viscosity under different acidity coefficients of the slag and silicon mixture was conducted. Combined with the crystallization and phase diagram of slag wool, its heat resistance, water resistance, durability and corrosion resistance were analyzed. Finally, trends of the technology development are proposed.

Effect of Silane Coupling Agent Concentration on Interfacial Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composites

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the concentration of silane coupling solution on the tensile strength of basalt fiber and the interfacial properties of basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites.The surface treatment of basalt fibers was carried out using an aqueous alcohol solution method.Basalt fibers were subjected to surface treatment with 3-Methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane at 0.5 wt.%,1 wt.%,2 wt.%,4 wt.%and 10 wt.%.The basalt monofilament tensile tests were carried out to investigate the variation in strength with the concentration of the silane coupling agent.The microdroplet test was performed to examine the effect of the concentration of the silane coupling agent on interfacial strength of basalt reinforced polymer composites.The film was formed on the surface of the basalt fiber treated silane coupling agent solution.The tensile strength of basalt fiber increased because the damaged fiber surface was repaired by the firm of silane coupling agent.The firm was effective in not only the surface protection of basalt fiber but also the improvement on the interfacial strength of fiber-matrix interface.However,the surface treatment using the high concentration silane coupling agent solution has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the composite materials,because of causing the degradation of the interfacial strength of the composite materials.

纤维增强微生物混凝土抗裂性能及自修复试验

为了探究纤维对微生物混凝土抗裂性能和裂缝自修复效果的改善作用,试验优选出聚丙烯腈纤维并掺入微生物混凝土中,测试掺入纤维后微生物混凝土的力学性能、自修复养护期的裂缝透水性和裂缝残余宽度。试验结果表明,当纤维掺量为1.5 kg/m^(3)时,混凝土试件的劈裂抗拉强度恢复至未加载体试件的95.1%;修复养护28 d后,平均裂缝宽度为0.43 mm的试件透水性系数由3.35×10^(-5)m/s降至3.40×10^(-6)m/s,降幅达89.9%;能够愈合的最大裂缝宽度为0.82 mm。在微生物自修复混凝土中掺入纤维可有效提高其抗裂性能,增强裂缝自修复效果。

纤维对复合矿物掺合料混凝土强度影响的研究

采用单掺与正交的方法,研究了玄武岩纤维与聚丙烯纤维对混凝土7 d和28 d抗压强度的影响,分析了两种纤维分别提升混凝土强度的机理。结果表明,玄武岩纤维与聚丙烯纤维限制早期混凝土内部微裂缝的产生,二者最佳掺量分别为0.1%和0.15%,此时抗压强度相较于对照组,分别提升了13%和9.5%。正交实验得出三因素对混凝土抗压强度影响顺序依次是玄武岩纤维>矿物掺合料>聚丙烯纤维,此时正交实验最佳配合比为:粉煤灰∶矿渣=1∶1.25(球磨15 min),玄武岩纤维掺量0.125%,聚丙烯纤维掺量0.175%,28 d混凝土的抗压强度为68.6 MPa。

钢渣基CO_(2)矿化板材的制备与性能研究

采用铺浆注模、压制脱水成型、CO_(2)养护等工艺措施制备钢渣板材,考察了原材料掺量、脱水压力、养护方式等对钢渣板材力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:水胶比0.35抗折强度最高;随着水泥、熟石灰以及木质纤维掺量的增加,板材的抗折强度均提高;随脱水压力的增加,板材的抗折强度先提高后降低;养护时间延长,板材的抗折强度提高;耐碱玻璃纤维长度减小,板材的抗折强度提高,耐碱玻璃纤维掺量为1.5%时,板材抗折强度最高。

纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料的细观力学特性及损伤机理

纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料因优异的力学性能得到广泛应用,但有关材料损伤机理的研究仅停留在宏观层面,较少关注损伤过程中材料的细观力学特性和微裂纹演化规律。针对这一问题,基于颗粒流离散元技术建立了纤维树脂矿物复合材料的细观模型,分析了材料应力-应变曲线的变化规律,揭示了材料的微裂纹萌生扩展机制和其破坏失效形式。结果表明,相比于树脂矿物复合材料,纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料的抗压强度更高,起裂应力和损伤应力更大;骨料颗粒形状对纤维的增强增韧作用影响较小;纤维对树脂矿物复合材料具有增韧阻裂的作用。研究从细观角度揭示了纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料的损伤性能,能够为该材料的推广应用提供指导。

一种高强度混凝土材料配比优化及应用效果

为提高公路隧道加固等施工中混凝土材料的强度,主要使用矿粉、钠激发剂、碳纤维等材料,制备了一种高强度混凝土材料,并对钠激发剂模数和掺量、碳纤维掺量进行优化,分析材料应用效果。结果表明,随着钠激发剂模数从0.7增加到2.2,材料力学性能先升后降。当钠激发剂掺量从10%增多至20%时,材料力学性能也先升后降。而适量碳纤维的添加,可以进一步提高材料强度。试验中高强度混凝土材料配比优化为:钠激发剂模数1.3、钠激发剂掺量16%、碳纤维掺量1%。在最佳配比下,该材料在施工中28 d抗压、抗折强度分别为67.79 MPa、16.95 MPa,且抗渗水性能良好。

桥梁转体球铰支座用活性粉末混凝土试验研究

为提高活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的流动性,开展桥梁转体球铰支座用RPC材料试验。通过控制变量法,研究RPC性能的基础配合比,探讨矿物掺合料、钢纤维及减水剂掺量对RPC性能的影响。结果表明:矿粉、硅灰适量替代水泥掺加到RPC体系,能充分发挥微集料填充效应及火山灰活性,提高体系抗压强度,矿粉与硅灰最佳掺量分别为45,20kg/m^(3);钢纤维的掺加能大幅度提高RPC抗压强度,钢纤维最佳掺量为75kg/m^(3);减水剂在RPC中作用机理主要表现为静电斥力与空间位阻,减水剂最佳掺量为18kg/m^(3);通过最优试验配合比测试,RPC材料综合性能满足桥梁转体球铰支座应用要求。

羊毛、涤纶纤维同浴染色原位矿化工艺

针对毛/涤混纺织物染色流程长、用水量大的问题,采用Lanasol染料和分散染料对羊毛和涤纶纤维进行原位矿化工艺同浴染色,分析了矿化工艺参数对染色效果的影响,并与传统染色进行比较。优化的工艺为环保载体2.0%(omf),矿化助剂XBD 1.00%(omf)、XYS 5.0%(omf),85℃矿化处理20 min。结果表明,原位矿化染色产品的颜色、色牢度与传统工艺基本一致,且具有显著的节水减排和提高生产效率的作用。

矿物掺合料对FHPC性能影响及其尺寸效应研究

为提高纤维高强混凝土(FHPC)的性能,探究了硅灰、I级粉煤灰和S95矿渣粉在不同掺量和掺加方式下对FHPC力学性能及尺寸效应的影响。结果表明单掺矿物掺料中,S95矿渣粉对提高FHPC抗压强度和抗折强度效果最好,硅灰次之,I级粉煤灰效果最弱。当I级粉煤灰与S95矿渣粉以1:2复掺时,FHPC的抗压强度显著提高;硅灰与S95矿渣粉以1:1复掺时,FHPC的抗折强度提升效果最好。同时加入3种掺合料,保持硅灰掺量不变的情况下,I级粉煤灰与S95矿渣粉以1:1复掺,可以显著提高FHPC的力学性能。此外,低水胶比下FHPC的抗压抗折强度尺寸效应更为显著,但随着水胶比的增加,FHPC的抗压抗折强度尺寸效应逐渐减弱。

连续矿物纤维增强3D打印砂浆的力学性能

为验证连续矿物纤维增强3D打印混凝土的力学性能,分别采用浇筑成型和3D打印成型的方式测试了砂浆抗拉、抗折、抗压强度。结果表明,不同连续矿物纤维复合使砂浆的抗拉强度较素砂浆提高了2%~19%;但由于连续矿物纤维耐磨性较差,抗折强度有所降低,但是对抗压强度有一定提升作用;连续矿物纤维增强砂浆的抗拉强度随连续玄武岩纤维数量的增加而提高,但不呈线性关系;连续纤维与短切纤维复合使用,对砂浆抗拉、抗折强度具有协同作用,也有助于降低短切纤维对抗压强度的不良影响,但其抗压强度仍低于素砂浆。

装配式建筑柱脚钢纤维豆石灌浆料研究与应用

为了达到装配式建筑柱脚灌浆应用的特种高强、抗裂、无收缩水泥基灌浆料应用要求,研究C60型钢纤维豆石灌浆料。单因素试验研究了豆石、钢纤维对于灌浆料性能影响;单因素试验系统探究矿物掺合料对灌浆料性能影响规律;工程应用研究材料工程适应性。结果表明:(1)豆石在体系中凝结硬化后会使硬化体机构更加密实,抗冲切能力增强。最佳掺量为8.0%。(2)钢纤维掺加会明显提高体系黏度,施工性能变差,但会提高灌浆料后期强度,钢纤维最佳掺量4.0%。(3)矿粉对于后期强度提高明显,28 d抗压强度提高超过3.3%;粉煤灰使初始流动度增大。(4)工程应用得到钢纤维豆石灌浆料初始流动度达到300 mm,28 d抗压强度超过65 MPa,抗压强度富余值超过8.33%。

MK增强BF-MPC力学性能

针对磷酸镁水泥(MPC)韧性低的问题,采用试验研究的方法制备不同掺量玄武岩纤维(BF)和偏高岭土(MK)的磷酸镁水泥砂浆试件测试其各龄期的强度,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)与X射线衍射(XRD)对试件进行微观分析。结果表明:随着偏高岭土掺量的增大,MPC砂浆的抗折强度与抗压强度相应提升;玄武岩纤维的掺入可明显提高MPC砂浆的抗折强度,对抗压强度的影响不显著。微观分析表明,偏高岭土和粉煤灰(FA)在MPC砂浆中参与反应生成二次水化产物,其有助于改善玄武岩纤维与基体间的粘接性能,提高MPC砂浆的力学性能。

不同RAP改性SMA-13再生路用材料的性能研究

为了改善SMA-13再生路用材料的路用性能,延长再生沥青路面的使用年限。通过对不同RAP掺量、不同纤维类型的SMA-13再生沥青开展相关路用性能研究,评价玄武岩纤维、木质素纤维对再生沥青混合料性能的影响。试验结果表明,再生剂掺量为6%时,再生沥青整体性能最优;随着RAP掺量的增加,再生沥青混合料高温稳定性能逐渐改善,低温及水稳定性能逐渐降低,工程应用中应合理确定RAP掺量;玄武岩纤维再生沥青混合料路用性能均优于木质素纤维。

复合改性玄武岩纤维PA-13排水沥青混合料性能研究

【目的】为改善排水沥青混合料的路用性能,选用SBS、橡胶粉及玄武岩纤维稳定剂对其进行复合改性。【方法】结合前期研究成果,在SBS及橡胶粉改性剂掺量分别为5%、10%,玄武岩纤维掺量为0.4%的基础上开展PA-13沥青混合料配合比设计;在不同橡胶粉掺量下对PA-13排水沥青混合料开展高温抗车辙、抗水损害及抗剥落等路用性能研究。【结果】从高温性能及经济性考虑,橡胶粉的合理掺量为12%;从水稳定性能角度考虑,橡胶粉掺量为10%;从抗剥落能力及经济性考虑,橡胶粉的合理掺量为10%。【结论】SBS、橡胶粉及玄武岩纤维的掺入能够改善排水沥青混合料的路用性能。

不同类型玄武岩纤维薄层罩面沥青混合料路用性能研究

[目的]常规薄层罩面沥青混合料性能存在不足,将玄武岩纤维掺入沥青混合料当中,以达到改善薄层罩面沥青混合料路用性能,延长其使用年限的效果。[方法]在玄武岩纤维掺量分别为0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的基础上分别对AC-10C、SMA-10两种薄层罩面沥青混合料开展配合比设计及相关路用性能研究。[结果]当纤维掺量为0.4%时,AC-10C、SMA-10两种混合料高低温性能最优,动稳定度试验结果分别为4 769、5 498次/mm,贯入强度试验结果分别为0.92、1.17 MPa,弯曲破坏应变试验结果分别为3 418、3 578με;当纤维掺量为0.6%时,AC-10C、SMA-10两种混合料水稳定性能最优,残留稳定度试验结果分别为91.8%、94.6%,残留强度比试验结果分别为89.2%、89.4%。[结论]从高低温性能方面考虑,玄武岩纤维推荐掺量为0.4%;从水稳定性能方面考虑,玄武岩纤维推荐掺量为0.6%。

基于T-N曲线和Miner理论的绷紧式深海系泊缆疲劳损伤研究

采用基于T-N曲线和Miner线性累积损伤准则的疲劳累积损伤法对绷紧式系泊系统中聚酯纤维缆的疲劳损伤进行研究。简单阐述了系泊系统疲劳分析的相关理论,并给出了疲劳损伤的具体计算步骤。借助于Ansys/Aqwa以及Matlab软件,以'海洋石油981'为半潜式平台模型,计算了1 500 m水深的绷紧式系泊系统中聚酯纤维缆顶端的疲劳损伤。研究结果表明:低频海况以及高幅值海况对系缆的损伤较大。

Interaction between PCC Filler and Cellulosic Fiber in Fiber/Filler Co-refining System

Mineral fillers are important for conserving raw fiber materials and reducing production costs in the paper industry.However,the increase in filler content will inevitably result in strength reduction,which limits the adding amount of filler in paper production.In this study,we designed a cellulose fiber/filler co-refining approach to improve the strength and optical properties of paper;moreover,the synergistic interaction between fibers and precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC)fillers in the co-refining process was investigated.Results of fiber separation and PCC particle size analysis showed that,compared with conventional refining,the content of fines increased,whereas the PCC particle size decreased.More importantly,composites were formed between the PCC and fines,which promoted strength improvement of paper.Physical tests show that the tensile index of paper with 15%PCC content increased by 22%compared with that of the paper filled by conventional method,whereas the brightness and opacity of paper improved by fiber/filler co-refining for a specified filler content.These findings provide a basis for the further development of co-refining filling technology.