Non-native species in marine protected areas: Global distribution patterns

Marine protected areas(MPAs)across various countries have contributed to safeguarding coastal and marine environments.Despite these efforts,marine non-native species(NNS)continue to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems,even within MPAs.Currently,there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the inventories,distribution patterns,and effect factors of NNS within MPAs.Here we show a database containing over 15,000 occurrence records of 2714 marine NNS across 16,401 national or regional MPAs worldwide.To identify the primary mechanisms driving the occurrence of NNS,we utilize model selection with proxies representing colonization pressure,environmental variables,and MPA characteristics.Among the environmental predictors analyzed,sea surface temperature emerged as the sole factor strongly associated with NNS richness.Higher sea surface temperatures are linked to increased NNS richness,aligning with global marine biodiversity trends.Furthermore,human activities help species overcome geographical barriers and migration constraints.Consequently,this influences the distribution patterns of marine introduced species and associated environmental factors.As global climate change continues to alter sea temperatures,it is crucial to protect marine regions that are increasingly vulnerable to intense human activities and biological invasions.

On Strengthening Chinese College Students’Audience Awareness to Improve Their Persuasive Writing Ability

Persuasive or argumentative writing,which focuses on the reader and seeks to change the reader’s mind,or to bring the reader’s point of view to the writer’s,is the most prominent and practical academic writing and is also the most complex and most challenging.To achieve the persuasive purpose,audience is a key element to consider.But unfortunately,many Chinese college students have no sense of audience at all.Besides,although some researchers have mentioned in their books or papers the important role the audience plays in persuasive writing,so far few writing books or papers have made a relatively comprehensive and systematic study and exploration of how to strengthen Chinese college students’audience awareness.So,this paper,which is intended to elaborate on it,first gives a definition to audience awareness,then analyzes the influence audience awareness exerts on persuasive writing,and finally proposes a few feasible and effective methods to strengthen Chinese college students’audience awareness.

In the Age of ‘World Englishes’,Native Speaker Teachers or Non-native Speaker Teachers?

This paper attempts to argue that in the age of‘World Englishes', it is not necessary to differentiate native speaker teachers from non-native speaker teachers. It is concluded that non-native speaker teachers can be as effective as their native colleagues and they have equal chance to achieve professional success, even though native speaker teachers have great advantages over non-native teachers in some aspects. It is time for employers, as well as ELT professionals to shut their eyes to the glaring differences between native speaker teachers and non-native speaker teachers and optimize such unique resources.

Audience:智能除噪 净化语音

随着语音识别技术的发展，通过手机语音进行文字录入越来越受市场欢迎。不过。这一应用也面临一系列挑战，比如嘈杂的噪音就经常让识别软件“无语”。

Audience亮相亚洲移动通信博览会

日前，为移动设备提供高级语音和音频处理技术的企业Audience公司参加了在上海举行的亚洲移动通信博览会。Audience在高管会议区N1厅展示了eS700系列高级语音处理器和智能音频编解码器，以及MQ100运动处理器。公司还携手中国移动和全球TD-LTE发展倡议（GTI）参加了其他行业活动。

Non-Native Insects in Urban and Forest Areas of Slovenia and the Introduction of Torymus sinensis with Dryocosmus kuriphilus

We survey non-native insects species in whole territory of Slovenia. Data on non-native species were collected in field, and we also used results of projects in which we participated and with overview of literature data in scientific pub-lications. Correspondence Analysis (CA) of data was carried out with the soft-ware Statgraphics Centaurion XVI, U.S.A. Up to 254 non-native insect species are present: around 83% are phytophagous (43% feed on woody plants, 40% on other plants);around 12% are non-phytophagous;and 5% are parasitoids or predators of other insects or mammals. Among the phytophagous species, Hemiptera predominates (with 38.2%), followed by Coleoptera (29.8%) and Lepidoptera (14.5%). Non-native insects that do not feed on plants include Coleoptera (80%), Lepidoptera (6.5%), Hymenoptera (6.5%) and Diptera (6.5%). Most of phytophagous species are associated with introduction of plants on which they are specialists, but some have also shifted from introduced to native plant hosts. 36 non-native phytophagous species (14.17% of all non-native insects) have become harmful plant pests of urban trees and crops. 20 appear on woody plants, but only Dryocosmus kuriphilus, appears in urban forest areas. In the past decades species such as D. kuriphilus, Leptoglossus occidentalis, Xylosandrus germanus, Gnathotrichus materiarius, Dasineura gledichiae, Phyllonorycter issikii, Cinara curvipes, Ophiomyia kwansonis have been recorded in parks and forests. Some non-native species are spreading in Slovenian urban forests and affect economic, ecological and other forest and urban forest functions. The number of harmful insects in forests is extremely small probably due to high diversity of the forest ecosystem, where close-to-nature forest management is practiced, which retains forest’s self-regulatory ability to control pests. Such management enables for example the reduction of D. kuriphilus with expansion of its parasitoid, Torymus sinensis. We attempt to explain this phenomenon: we assume that T. sinensis was introduced in Slovenia as diapaused eggs in its host, D. kuriphilus.

Postpartum psychosis in a non-native language-speaking patient: A perspective on language barriers and cultural competency

SUMMARY Postpartum psychosis is a condition characterised by rapid onset of psychotic symptoms several weeks after childbirth. Outside of its timing and descriptions of psychotic features, minimal research exists due to its relative rarity (1 to 2 per 1000 births in the USA), with greater emphasis on postpartum sadness and depression. With the existi叩 literature, cultural differences and language barriers previously have not been taken into consideration as there are no documented cases of postpartum psychosis in a non-English-speaki叩 patient. Correctly differentiating postpartum psychosis from other postpartum psychiatric disorders requires adeptly evaluating for the presence of psychotic symptoms with in-depth history taking.

From Passive Viewers to Content Generators： Audience Role on TV Programs and Online Media

Media content in the digitalised world is nowadays able to reach bigger number of audience than ever before. The content is frequently reproduced online via social media and web portals. The growing number of media platforms and the smartphones presence in millions of consumers＇ hands, has also stimulated growth in the level on interactivity between the media and the audience. Newspapers, radio, television and even specific programs are now entering the cross-media processes that enables direct communication with the audience, and allows participation of content-users in many ways. Audience is increasingly contributing to design content, production and also distribution in social media. This paper examines the dimensions of audience participation in five Albanian television channels and their online websites. Via the exploratory analysis used as a methodology to examine over three hundred audience participation encounters, the article discusses the audience behaviour and reaction on these particular websites on a period of five weeks across October to December 2016. The analysis focuses on audience active participation on specific sections of the websites. Interesting results emerge as the audience shows different perspectives via its participatory activities online, which can be classified into four main roles： consumers, citizens, commentators, and activists. The paper discusses the characteristics and insinuations of each of these emerging roles.

English Language Needs of Non-native Foreign Students

This paper will investigate the English language needs of non-native foreign students who are studying at the University of Otago, New Zealand. These students comprise of students from Asia （China, Thailand, Korea, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, to name a few） and Europe. For these students, English is their second or third language and they face proficiency problems. To them, mastery of English is most important because all the courses in the university are taught in English and unless the students are proficient to operate in English, they will lose out and face difficulties in securing good grades for their subjects. Findings of this research will provide insights for the curriculum developers and English teachers at public universities especially in Malaysia that have been accepting students from Asia and the Middle East. The present curriculum need to be reviewed or a new curriculum need to be designed to meet the English needs of their non-native foreign students

The non-native species to the intercontinental regions of Asia (on an example Trans-Baikal territory)

This article is devoted to the study of the composition, diversity and distribution of non-native plant elements to the intercontinental regions of Asia on an example Trans-Baikal territory. The number of non-native plants in the Trans-Baikal areas is determined by the degree of urbanization, favorable climate and the availability of skidding ways proximal to their vicinity.

Language Teaching and Intercultural Communication:Teaching Korean Grammar to Non-native Speakers

Grounded upon the interactive relationship between intercultural communication(IC)and foreign language education and the recent gradual salience of communicative language teaching(CLT)in foreign language grammar learning sectors,the study reported in this paper deals with the issue of teaching Korean grammar to non-native speakers in terms of teaching Korean as a foreign language(TKFL).This paper attempts to examine and analyze several Korean language textbooks prepared for foreign learners of Korean,which is used overseas,especially in Hong Kong(HK).It is also attempted to evaluate the textbooks in terms of CLT and communicative competence.By doing so,we can further understand the methods of Korean grammar instruction provided to foreigners as a second language or a foreign language.

The Sense of Flow of L1 Audience for L2 Composition——A Pedagogical Implication from Cross-Pacific Exchange to the Teaching of English Writing

The present study focuses on the native readers’sense of flow,a construct frequently ignored in L2 writing studies.Based on the author’s analysis of the communicative data in the web-based transnational peer editing activities named Cross-Pacific Exchange,an amendment is proposed for the currently well-accepted“input-output”models;that is,fluent output by classroom L2 learners may not always be accepted by native audience.Accordingly,L2 writing teachers should encourage their students to pay attention to their L1 readers’sense of flow,so as to enhance their own reader awareness,and improve the quality of their L2 composition through interaction with their L1 audience.

Time, Culture and Identity: Exploring Horological Collections with UK-China Museum Audiences

This paper discusses cross-cultural understanding of museum collections by looking into transnational audience engagement with the imperial clock collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.The audience research took place in three sites:the Hong Kong Science Museum,the Palace Museum in Beijing,and the Science Museum in London.Audience data were collected using qualitative methods,such as intercept interviews,focus groups,and informal group discussions with non-specialist and specialist audiences across the three locations.The qualitative samples suggest that UK-China audiences draw from different cultural references when they engage with the unique"singsongs"in the imperial clock collection.Despite the divergence of cultural connections made across audiences in the UK and China,it is consistent in the audience data that the appeal of the clocks is reinforced by seeing their movement.The data also indicate a desire to connect with human stories behind the creation,trade,and conservation of singsongs,and expectations for a digital resource that is visually captivating and offers additional insights into the singsongs,such as the demonstration,mechanism,and backstory of the automatons.This paper concludes with a reflection on the implications of audience data for the interpretation strategy of a London-based exhibition featuring the singsongs,and considerations for the development of a digital experience about the imperial horological collections that speaks to audiences across the UK and China.

Chinese Classical Music Charms U.S.Audiences

A concert by the China National Traditional Orchestra(CNTO)held in the northeast U.S.state of New Jersey on January 29,enthralled thousands of spectators with its music and performance.

Audience Participation and Public Discourse Space: A Simple Article Review

Recent years have seen an explosion of researches and studies into the public sphere and the deformation of it.At one extreme,general theoretical statement about public sphere is directly developed from Habermas’s public sphere theory;they have elaborated and extended the theory and applied it to analyze the different situations in different countries.At the other,the so-called sphere has been extended,from the original cafe bar or some entity space like this to the virtual space,especially with the development of internet and the emerge of many kinds of social media;some scholars noted that the public sphere has appeared in the internet;some social media like blog,micro blog(in China as weibe),and so on have become the new form of public sphere,which is also called public discourse space.To some extend,public discourse space belongs to public sphere,but different from it.They have some similar characteristic,but they also have some difference within different time and space.For example,public discourse space is much closer to audience participation.And the audience participation is one of the important factors for the public discourse space created by media.We can say that both of the discourse space appears in the traditional media and the online media are emphasizing on the relationship between media and audience.So in this article,the author also does a simple review about public discourse space and its relationship with audience participation.

Maintaining Power by Guarding the Gates： Journalists＇ Perceptions of Audience Participation in Online Newspapers

Focus on audience participation in online news media has increased rapidly in recent years. Online newspapers offer their audience several opportunities to participate, for example, by submitting comments on articles or uploading pictures/videos. Audience participation has also emerged as a fast growing research field： The motives for focusing on audience participation have been analyzed and the kind of participatory opportunities that news media offer the audience have been mapped. Also, questions on whether audience participation should be regarded as an advantage or disadvantage to professional journalism have been discussed. This study relates to the latter perspective as it examines media practitioners＇ perceptions of audience participation. By focusing on the case of Swedish newspaper journalists, this study analyzes how audience participation is perceived to affect journalistic work and to what extent such participation is believed to benefit journalism. Based on a representative survey of Swedish journalists, conducted in 2011-2012, and a survey of journalists working at three local morning papers in Sweden, conducted in 2009, the analyses reveal a rather ambivalence attitude to audience participation among the journalistic corps.

Audience Power in the Production of Talent-Show Stars： China as an Example

In China, all types of stars coexist in the country＇s star system： party stars, commercialized stars, and talent-show stars, which influence diverse type audience and have diverse implications. Based on Couldry＇s framework （2000） of media power, through in-depth interviews with media professionals, this study compares the creation of party stars, commercial stars, and talent-show stars as represented by Li Yuchun. Data show that there was few audience power involved into the production of party stars and commercialized stars. Rather, there was media power involved into the production of party stars and commercialized stars. Meanwhile, this study argues that there was audience-power influence on Li Yuchun＇s rise to stardom, and it provides some details about the manipulations of media institutions that were involved in the creation of this pop star. However, it is difficult to prove that audience power is the main influence on Li＇s stardom. The implications of her stardom and this production process on China＇s star system and China＇s state power are also discussed in this study.

Native/Non-native English Speakers’Attitudes:Addressing Learners’Goals and Needs Towards Pronunciation Issues

The study attempts to explore native and non-native English speakers’attitudes towards accents and pronunciation-related issues.The sample group surveyed is composed of non-native English speakers,specifically,Italian students studying at the University of Calabria(Italy)and native English speakers from Alberta University(Canada)and Florida Atlantic University(USA).An online link to a questionnaire was sent via email to all participants and was used as a research instrument to collect quantitative data.The research questions will investigate learners’attitudes in relation to the following aspects:accent and identity,beliefs about native/non-native accents,impact of pronunciation on communication,and learners’expectations towards pronunciation teaching.Firstly,mean scores in relation to the aforementioned aspects will be examined.Secondly,differences between native/non-native speakers’responses will be statistically analysed.Thirdly,non-native learners’responses will be correlated with their proficiency level in English to identify the extent to which language competence may affect learners’attitudes.The study aims to gain useful insights that may hopefully raise students and teachers’awareness of what models we expect learners to imitate and attain in the English language classroom,how appropriate and relevant these may be especially in the globalized English world where non-native speakers will increasingly use English in a diversity of forms to achieve their communicative goals.The preliminary results will be presented and pedagogical considerations suggested.

Discussion on Influence of Creative Thinking in Levi's Advertising Design on Audience's Psychology

World War I had brought great pain to people, old beliefs had been lost and new beliefs were badly-needed. On the road to discover new beliefs, therefore, the surrealism originated from so-called "surreal" and "super-reasonable" dreams became an attempt. As a leading brand of fashion and jeans, with its distinctive symbolic meaning Levi's is a typical symbol of American clothing. Much spiritual, cultural and artistic temperament was given to Levi as time changes, and Levi became a symbol of personality and rebellion ever since. This paper analyzed how designers of Levi applied the realism thinking in advertising design,and gave uniqueness and attraction to Levi's advertisement, based on which, the paper conducted a comprehensive theoretical research on Levi's design.

＂Going Global＂ Strategies of Chinese Culture from the Audience＇ s Perspective

This paper revealed American students'interest in Chinese culture potentially due to China's recent development.Moreover,participants reported that understanding Chinese culture would broaden their perspective to include customs which were perceived as quite different from their own.Unsurprisingly,all of the participants were interested in superficial experiences with Chinese culture,like eating Chinese food.More than half of the participants indicated a desire to visit historical sites,such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City.Half of the participants would like to travel in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai,if they were to visit China.Not a few of Chinese descendants were eager to go to China for tracing roots.According to the results of the research,some"going global"strategies of Chinese culture were provided.The results may impact on Chinese culture's"going global"trend and offer support to the spread of Chinese culture.