Effect of Rare Earths on Microstructure and Properties of TiC-based Cermet/Cu Alloy Composite Wear Resistant Materials

The effect of rare earth (RE) oxide on the microstructure and properties of TiC based cermet/Cu alloy composite hardfacing materials was investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), impact test and wear test. The mechanism of RE oxide for improving the phase structure and the impact toughness was also discussed. The experimental results indicate that the microstructure of the matrix can be refined, and the micro-porous defects can be eliminated by adding RE oxide into the composite materials. The polycrystalline and amorphous phase structure is formed at the interface of cermet and matrix metal. The formed structure enhances the conjoint strength of interface. The frictional wear resistance can be improved obviously, although the microhardness of the matrix metal can not be effectively increased by adding RE oxide.

Progress on Platinum-Based Catalyst Layer Materials for H_(2)-PEMFC

The constant increase in energy demand and related environmental issues have made fuel cells an attractive technology as an alternative to conventional energy technologies.Like any technology,fuel cells face drawbacks that scientific society has been focused on to improve and optimize the overall technology.Thus,the cost is the main inhibitor for this technology due to the significantly high cost of the materials used in catalyst layers.The current discussion mainly focuses on the fundamental electrochemical half-cell reaction of hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)that are taking place in the catalyst layers consisting of Platinum-based and Platinum-non noble metals.For this purpose,studies from the literature are presented and analyzed by highlighting and comparing the variations on the catalytic activity within the experimental catalyst layers and the conventional ones.Furthermore,an economic analysis of the main platinum group metals(PGMs)such as Platinum,Palladium and Ruthenium is introduced by presenting the economic trends for the last decade.

Evaluation of Fracture Resistance for Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resin Materials Reinforced with Glass Fiber Mesh, Metal Mesh and Metal Wire Materials: An in Vitro Study

Statement of problem: Many processes have been applied to improve the fracture resistance of acrylic resin dentures by reinforcing them. The maximum goal of any denture repair is to restore the main strength of the denture and to avoid further fracture. Purpose: This study investigated the ability of self-curing acrylic resin to be strength and deflection of repaired acrylic resin joints reinforced with various reinforcement materials to resist fracture. Material and methods: Transverse strength of polymethyl methacrylate acrylic resin reinforced with glass fiber mesh, metal mesh, and metal wire was evaluated with a 3-point load test on 40 intact specimens (n = 10 for control group) (n = 10 per each reinforcement material group). Fractured joint margins were rounded, a 4-mm gap was placed between them, and then they were repaired with autopolymerizing acrylic resin and retested. Results: Transverse strength for the polymethyl methacrylate acrylic resin samples has showed fracture at the side of sample rather than in the middle area of reinforcement materials and some other samples showed bending statue rather than fracture. Conclusion: Reinforcement with glass fiber mesh, metal mesh, and metal wire produced transverse strength in the side area of resin denture base material rather than in the middle of reinforcement area with bending samples rather than fracture response.

Recent Progress in Carbon-based Materials of Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for ORR in Acidic Environment

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)has important implications for the success of clean transportation in the future.One of the key factors affecting the cost and performance of PEMFC is the cathode electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)to overcome sluggish kinetics and instability in an acidic environment.As an essential component of the electrocatalyst,the support material largely determines the activity,mass transfer,charge transfer,and durability of the electrocatalyst.Thereby,the support material plays a critical role in the overall performance of the electrocatalyst.Carbonbased materials are widely used as electrocatalyst supports because of their high porosity,conductivity,chemical stability,and tunable morphology.Recently,some new carbon-based materials with excellent structure have been introduced,such as carbon nanotubes,carbon nanowires,graphene,metal-organic framework(MOF)-derived carbon,and biomass-derived carbon materials.Combined with a variety of strategies,such as controllable construction of porous structures and surface defects,proper doping heteroatoms,the ingenious design of model electrocatalysts,and predictive theoretical calculation,a new reliable path was provided for further improving the performance of electrocatalysts and exploring the catalytic mechanism.Based on the topic of carbon-based materials for ORR in acidic medium,this review summarizes the up-to-date progress and breakthroughs,highlights the factors affecting the catalytic activity and stability of ORR electrocatalysts in acids,and discusses their future application and development.

Preparation and characterizations of heat storage material combining porous metal with molten salt

A new type of heat storage materials combining high temperature molten salts phases change latent heat thermal storage materials, PCM with porous metals sensible heat thermal storage materials was developed. The process was expressed as following: firstly, it is necessary to heat up the molten salts phases change materials to molten; and then the porous metals are put into the molten bath; after being held for 13 h, the composite heat thermal storage materials lumps are taken out of the molten bath and cooled to atmospheric temperature; the last step is to electrodeposit a layer metal coat on the surface of the material lumps. The new type of heat storage material integrates the advantages of both solid sensible heat thermal storage materials and high temperature phases change latent heat thermal storage materials. The metal base heat storage materials enjoy some favorable characteristics such as higher heat charge discharge rate, higher heat storage density and better mechanical strength.

Microstructure of Nano-Y_2O_3/Cobalt Based Alloy Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

Composite coatings made of nano-Y_2O_3/cobalt-based alloy and produced by crosscurrent CO_2 laser on Ni-based superalloy are introduced. Cross-section or surface of the coatings was examined to reveal their microstructure using optical microscope, SEM, including EDS microanalysis, TEM and XRD. The results show that some equilibrium or non-equilibrium phases, such as γ-Co, Cr_(23)C_6, Y_2O_3 and ε-Co exist in the coatings. Fine and short dendritic microstructure and columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) occurred by adding nano-Y_2O_3 particles. With the increasing amount of nano-Y_2O_3 (1%, mass fraction), fully equiaxed crystallization appeared. These are caused by nano-Y_2O_3 particles acting as new nucleation site and rapid solidification of the melt. The results also show that inhomogeneous dispersion of nano-Y_2O_3 results in the formation of ε-Co phase in the coatings. The sub-microstructure of the clad is stacking fault. The mechanism of the formation of equiaxed grains is also analyzed.

基于机器学习的水泥基灌浆料强度预测方法

针对采用小直径芯样法准确预测水泥基灌浆料抗压强度的问题,使用压力试验机分别对水泥基灌浆料标准尺寸试块和小直径芯样进行抗压强度试验,并基于试验数据,采用支持向量机回归(SVR)和随机森林回归(RFR)对水泥基灌浆料抗压强度进行回归预测。结果表明:标准尺寸试块均呈正反相接的四角锥体破坏形态,而高径比为0.7和1.0的小直径芯样呈正反相接的圆锥体破坏形态,高径比为1.2的小直径芯样呈斜裂缝剪切破坏形态;标准尺寸试块和小直径芯样的抗压强度值均服从正态分布,且无离群值;随着龄期的增长,标准尺寸试块和小直径芯样的抗压强度提高,且具有早期强度较高的特性;直径46 mm芯样的抗压强度较小,且更易受加工精度的影响;在给定的龄期和直径下,高径比为0.7的芯样抗压强度值最大,抗压强度离散程度最小;RFR预测模型对水泥基灌浆料抗压强度的预测效果更优。所提方法可较准确预测水泥基灌浆料抗压强度,为水泥基灌浆料抗压强度的预测研究提供了参考。

硼基金属复合物的点火和燃烧特性研究进展

综述了近几年国内外硼基金属复合物点火和燃烧特性的最新研究进展,重点归纳了二元硼基金属复合物、三元硼基金属复合物和纳米硼基金属复合物的点火和燃烧研究现状,并对比了其优缺点,其中对二元硼基金属复合物的研究较为丰富,对三元硼基金属复合物的研究大多集中于制备方向,关于点火和燃烧特性研究较少,对纳米基金属复合物的点火燃烧机理尚不清楚。指出了硼基金属复合物未来的研究方向:(1)对于制备工艺较简单的二元硼基金属复合物,下一步应具体研究其工艺对产物性能的影响;(2)利用分子动力学和有限元分析的方法对其燃烧机理进一步分析;(3)关于纳米硼基金属复合物可考虑建立一种稳定悬浮液进一步探究其点火和燃烧机制。附参考文献71篇。

磁性镓基液态金属复合材料的研究进展

镓基液态金属具有高导电性、高导热性、高流动性和优良的生物相容性,是一种具有很大发展和应用前景的功能材料。镓基液态金属与其他不同物理化学性质的材料组合而成的镓基液态金属复合材料为基础研究与应用研究提供了一个新的方向,为解决柔性电子、热调控和生物医学等各个领域的挑战性问题提供了新的思路并表现出重大潜力。磁性粒子的引入可以使镓基液态金属具有良好的磁性能。作为一种新兴的磁性功能材料或磁性智能材料,磁性镓基液态金属复合材料在柔性电子、微电机、靶向给药、热调控、屏蔽与吸波等领域已展现出初步的研究和应用价值。本文系统地总结和评述了磁性镓基液态金属复合材料的研究进展。从基础研究、磁力控制、磁热控温、屏蔽与吸波四个方面综述了磁性镓基液态金属复合材料的性能和应用,说明了这种复合策略的有效性。这可为磁性镓基液态金属复合材料的进一步研究与开发提供思路。

Fe-MOFs衍生碳基吸波材料研究进展

随着社会的快速发展和电子设备的普及,电磁辐射污染问题变得尤为突出,也带来了潜在的危害。因此,开发高效的电磁波吸收材料以解决电磁辐射污染问题迫在眉睫。铁基金属有机框架(Fe-MOFs)具有高度不饱和的铁金属中心离子和多样的结构类型。通过将Fe-MOFs作为前驱体进行碳化,可以制备出铁/铁氧化物/铁碳化物均匀分布的衍生碳基化合物。这些Fe-MOFs衍生碳基化合物表现出较高的介电损耗和磁损耗能力,可有效克服当前吸波材料存在的吸收频带窄、阻抗匹配性差等问题,成为近年来备受关注的一种新型吸波材料。首先简要介绍了电磁波吸收机制,然后综述了近年来关于单金属、双金属、三金属Fe-MOFs以及由Fe-MOFs与其他材料(包括碳材料、导电聚合物、MXene和生物质)复合制备的衍生碳基吸波材料的研究进展,最后对MOFs衍生碳基吸波材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。

赤泥基路用材料中主要金属的浸出行为及其路用固化效果

赤泥高碱高氟和多金属含量等污染特性会影响其资源化利用。针对赤泥路用存在潜在环境风险的主要金属,重点研究赤泥基路用材料制备过程对主要金属污染物的浸出环境行为与固化效果的影响。结果表明,不同赤泥基路用材料金属总量大小与浸出含量水平受铝土矿产地、氧化铝生产工艺以及制备过程添加的材料等的影响,赤泥基路用材料的制备过程对Al、As、V、Se、Mo有显著固化效果,使其浸出含量分别降低了10.97%~75.77%、97.84%~99.90%、98.16%~100.00%、90.62%~99.34%、61.60%~87.66%,但对Na、Fe、K、Ba、Cr的固化效果不明显反而会使其浸出含量增加,应注重材料制备过程的质量控制。在实际道路应用过程中长期风险评估应重点关注但不限于赤泥基路用材料中Na、总Cr、Cr^(6+)、V、Se、Mo的迁移转化等环境行为。

树枝状硅基纳米粒子对重金属去除研究进展

树枝状介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(DMSNs)独特的三维中心辐射状孔道结构使其具有出色的比表面积和孔体积,表面硅羟基官能团可作为功能化活性位点。已有研究表明,DMSNs基新型吸附剂材料能够替代传统二氧化硅材料(如MCM-41和SBA-15),对重金属离子具有优异的去除作用。综述总结了DMSNs基新型吸附剂材料的功能化方法,比较了其和功能化MCM-41或SBA-15对不同重金属离子(Pb^(2+)、Cr^(6+)、Hg^(2+)等)和放射性金属离子(U(Ⅵ)、Th(Ⅳ)等)的吸附性能,以期为设计具有优越重金属离子去除能力的DMSNs基新型吸附材料提供理论指导。

新型功能材料在藻毒素萃取中的应用进展

藻毒素为有害藻类所产生的次级代谢产物,具有毒性强、种类多和生物蓄积性等特点,对人类健康、水产养殖业以及水生生态系统都会造成严重的威胁,已成为当前全球范围的研究热点。由于藻毒素在样品中的含量很低、样品基质复杂等因素,在仪器分析前进行有效的样品前处理不可或缺。高效的样品前处理技术不但能够减小或去除样品基质对分析的干扰,而且可以实现目标物的富集,增加分析方法的灵敏度与准确性。近年来,固相萃取(SPE)、固相微萃取(SPME)、磁性固相萃取(MSPE)、分散固相萃取(DSPE)、吸管尖端固相萃取(PT-SPE)等样品前处理技术已在藻毒素分离分析领域广受关注。这些前处理技术性能的好坏主要取决于萃取材料的特性。由于藻毒素的理化特性各不相同,在分子尺寸、亲疏水性、电荷等性质上差异较大,合理设计并制备适合藻毒素萃取的材料十分必要。最佳的萃取材料必须实现对藻毒素的可逆吸附,并且最好具有多孔结构和高的比表面积,从而能够提供高的回收率和与藻毒素良好的界面接触。此外,萃取材料还应该在样品溶液、洗脱溶剂、工作pH范围内具有良好的化学稳定性,否则萃取材料可能会溶解或丢失其官能团。本文综述了近十几年来国内外关于藻毒素分析检测研究的主要代表性文献,对新型功能材料在藻毒素萃取过程中的应用进行了梳理归纳,并对其发展前景予以展望。

纤维增强热塑性复合材料与金属连接技术的研究进展

纤维增强热塑性复合材料(FRTP)与金属的连接技术是多材料异质结构的关键制造技术。总结了纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料相对于传统金属材料的性能优势,分析了FRTP与金属连接技术的重要性和必要性,系统回顾了胶接、机械连接、混合连接和焊接四大类FRTP/金属连接技术的特点和发展,最后对未来FRTP/金属异质结构连接技术的发展、接头性能的改善提出了展望。

基于“成果导向”的金属材料工程本科拔尖人才培养机制研究

江苏科技大学金属材料工程专业是国家一流本科专业建设点。针对如何培养具有突出创新能力和工程素养的拔尖人才,该专业从“团队教学、交叉授课”“目标导向、以赛促尖”“专题培训、见习实训”三方面入手,通过整合课程资源、改革教学模式,较好地实现了拔尖人才培养目标,为本科教学达到一流办学水平奠定了理论基础并提供了实践经验。

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水性食品油墨中铜与铅的溶出量

为探究水性油墨和印刷纸杯中可溶性铅和铜的溶出量,有效控制重金属迁移的安全风险,提出基于火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜与铅元素的溶出量方法。先配制两种水性食品油墨即深红油墨和深绿油墨,并分析其性能,然后采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定两种油墨和印刷纸杯中铜和铅的溶出量。实验结果表明:两种油墨的物理状态较为稳定,铜与铅元素在检测中质量浓度与光谱强度线性关系良好,其相对标准偏差分别为1.64%与2.24%,回收率分别在94.0%~101.0%和91.0%~94.8%之间;时间和温度对重金属溶出有较大影响,100℃条件下2 h的铅与铜溶出量分别是25℃条件下24 h铅与铜的8.3与2.36倍;深红墨的安全性高于深绿墨,所配制油墨及纸杯中铅与铜元素的溶出量在高温或长时间使用下存在超标的风险,因而需要严格控制材料制品与食物接触的时间和温度。所建立的方法快速简单、经济环保,可满足企业日常检验的要求。

自支撑过渡金属基电极材料在电解水制氢领域研究进展

电催化裂解水制氢工艺具有绿色环保、简洁高效、氢气组分纯度高等优势,是最具应用价值的绿氢制造方式之一。但是,由于阴极和阳极电极反应动力学较为缓慢导致当前能源转换效率较低。利用高效、稳定的电催化裂解水制氢催化剂加速反应动力学过程,降低析氢反应电势,是大规模高效电催化裂解水制氢的关键所在。与传统的粉末状催化材料相比较,自支撑材料不仅不需要使用粘结剂,还具有极高的比表面积、较高的稳定性、高效的电荷传输速率及产物生成速率等优势,还可以按需构筑多种维度的新型电极结构,如一维、二维和三维等。基于此,主要介绍了自支撑过渡金属基电极材料的结构设计和可控合成方面的最新进展。

铝基金属相变材料储热研究进展

高温储热技术有一定的应用场景,但相较于中低温储热技术空白较多,有着较大的研究潜力。其中,具有高熔点、高相变潜热、高热导率的优异热学性能以及良好的力学性能的铝基金属作为相变储热材料是当前高温储热行业的热点研究对象,但也存在高温腐蚀性强的问题,尚未实现大规模应用。因此,对铝基金属相变材料的研究现况进行总结非常必要。本文对近5年相关文献进行探讨,概述了铝基金属作为相变材料的性能,包括微胶囊法、混合烧结法的主流制备方法,以及材料的应用的设计和数值模拟等三个方面的研究进展,对铝基金属相变材料的未来研究方向作出了展望,为铝基金属作为相变材料在储热技术上的应用提供参考。

固体储氢材料研究进展及展望

围绕物理吸附和化学吸附储氢材料制备及研究技术,总结归纳了碳基材料、有机多孔材料、氢化物材料、金属材料作为储氢材料的研究进展,对比分析了不同材料的储氢容量及优缺点,为固体储氢材料的应用提供了有效的分析数据。最后总结了固态储氢材料目前的技术难点,展望了该材料未来的发展方向。

二维纳米棒结构CoMn_(2)O_(4)/CC电极材料的制备及其电化学性能

金属氧化物因其高容量、低成本、适于商业化、环保等特点而常被应用于超级电容器电极材料。以Mn-MOF为前驱体,将其置于乙醇中与Co(NO_(3))_(2)进行离子交换和刻蚀反应,然后在空气中热处理,最后在碳布(carbon cloth,CC)基体上得到高度结晶的CoMn_(2)O_(4)二维纳米棒结构。对不同Co(NO_(3))_(2)添加量下制备的CoMn_(2)O_(4)/CC和直接热处理得到的Mn_(2)O_(3)/CC进行SEM和XRD分析,并且通过循环伏安测试、恒电流充放电测试和交流阻抗测试等进行电化学性能测试。结果表明:0.3 g Co(NO_(3))_(2)刻蚀后CoMn_(2)O_(4)/CC的母体结构相对保留良好,形成中空的纳米空心结构,热处理后在碳布上原位生长的垂直纳米棒结构均一密集地包裹碳纤维,由于无任何黏合剂的添加,确保较高的力学稳定性和导电性。在1.2 mA·cm^(-2)的电流密度下,电极材料具有809.8 mF·cm^(-2)的面积比电容;在5 mA·cm^(-2)的电流密度下循环5000周次后电容保持率为79.1%,是具有潜在应用前景的一种电极材料。