Survey on the Status Quo of Emergency Response Capabilities of Public Health Emergencies in Grassroots Disease Control Institutions in a Certain Area

Objective:To survey and study the emergency response capabilities of grassroots disease control institutions in a certain area for public health emergencies,and to put forward suggestions for rectification.Methods:The study was carried out from March 2022 to March 2023.Field surveys,questionnaire surveys,and interviews were used to investigate and analyze the emergency response capabilities of public health emergencies in 5 county Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)in the region.Results:Through the survey,it was found that the professional level of the existing emergency team personnel of the grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.There was an overall lack of emergency plans,and the compliance rate of the equipment,inspection,and testing items was low.The health emergency system of the CDCs in the region and the ability of the talent team need to be further improved.Conclusion:The emergency response capacity of grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.For this reason,government departments need to increase investment and strengthen the construction of talent teams and hardware settings,and grassroots disease control institutions need to strengthen the construction of the public health emergency system to improve the ability to respond to public health emergencies.

Quality Assurance of Bread and Bakery Pastries in Public Institutions According to the Law on Public Procurement

Public institutions, such as kindergartens, are committed to ordering food according to the Slovenian Law on public procurement （ZJN-3）, which is compliant with EU legislation. There are many bread manufacturers in the market, therefore contracting authority has the challenging task to provide a diverse and high-quality bread and bakery pastries through the process of public procurement. Each buyer has the option of ordering food through the so-called ＂short chain＂, which allows the ordering of locally produced cereals, bread from the organic and integrated production. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Slovenia issued a ＂Guide to Quality Standards of Food in Public Ordering for Educational Institutions＂ which supports the ordering process. In addition to quality requirements, the buyer divides the tender documentation into several groups and subgroups （e.g. Bread, Bakery pastries and Bread of organic production）. The bakery industry is aware that in kindergartens high-quality bread and bakery pastries are required, therefore they already offer products with reduced salt, sugars, fats, products without trans-fatty acids and gluten. Taking into account the appropriate purchasing specifications and good knowledge of legislation, with respect to public procurement law-related orders, children in kindergartens can be provided with high-quality bread and bakery pastries.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of E-Learning Systems in Public Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania: A Case of Institute of Accountancy Arusha (IAA)

In most developing countries, governments attempt to enforce the movement from analogue to digital for all their sectors, from public to private. These technological advancements have been noted to bring necessary and unavoidable changes to businesses and learning environments. Higher learning institutions have adopted various e-learning systems to support learning, research, and publication activities to stay competitive in global academic systems. However, most public higher learning institutions in Tanzania lag behind in the adoption of these systems. Thus, research shows a failure of these institutions in utilising the full benefit that today’s Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can offer in learning environments. Thus, this study examines factors affecting the adoption of such a system in developing countries like Tanzania, taking the Institute of Accountancy Arusha (IAA) as a case study. The study used a mixed methodology where thematic and descriptive analysis was used to analyse both qualitative and quantitative research data. The study population was 187 teaching staff, a sample size of 126 was obtained, and 157 study participants were involved in the study. The study found that factors affecting the adoption of e-learning systems in public higher learning institutions in Tanzania include lack of ICT infrastructure, lack of technical and managerial support and lack of computers and e-learning knowledge among facilitators. Thus, the study recommended investments in adequate and reliable ICT facilities, high intermate speed and bandwidth, and policies that support e-learning and training programs about e-learning knowledge and use. Also, this study recommends the use of the Multi-Factors Adoption Model (MFAM11) for the successful adoption of an e-learning system in public higher learning institutions in Tanzania.

Forensic Auditing Techniques and Fraudulent Practices of Public Institutions in Nigeria

Public institutions are charged with the responsibility of providing essential services for the welfare of the citizens by manipulating the economy＇s financial flow through public expenditure, taxation, and so on. The reliance on public institutions to provide public services in Nigeria has resulted in disappointing results, because chief executives of the institutions take less interest in the degree of its success, and this accounts for the high level of fraudulent practices in such institutions. This study, therefore, examined the relationship between forensic auditing and fraudulent practices in Nigerian public institutions. To achieve this purpose, some hypothetical statements were made and a review of relevant literature was explored. The population of the study consisted of the general managers and accountants of 12 public institutions in Nigeria. The data generated were statistically tested with the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. The findings suggest that both the proactive and reactive forensic auditing techniques have a negative significant relationship with fraudulent practices in Nigerian public institutions. Based on the above, it was recommended that： （1） The Economic and Financial Crime Commission （EFCC）, the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission （ICPC）, and other anti-corruption bodies in Nigeria should have, in their payroll, internal forensic auditors to supplement the duties of the internal auditors; （2） Forensic auditors should regularly undergo training and development programs to acquaint them with relevant knowledge and skills for effective forensic auditing; and （3） Forensic auditing should be made mandatory for public institutions by regulatory authorities rather than being voluntary.

Institutions as Tools of Public Policy： A Comparative Evaluation of South East Asian-Sub-Saharan African Post War Development

In general, it can be argued that institutional framework a country or region designs plays a significant role in crafting, applying or even success of public policy. Drawing lessons from how Asia exploited the developmental state＇s concept by designing institutions which targeted key public policy areas such as education, health, domestic savings, and rural development, or aligned infrastructures such as roads, transport and ports, to drive economic development. The paper explores how this approach can be applied in sub-Saharan Africa （or individual countries）. The objective is to extricate constant factors impacting development both in ahistorical and atemporal terms. The investigation is guided by the key question： whether quality of institutions and institutional analysis can help explain development failures in Africa？ Hence, on one part, it probes institutions, institution-making, public policy making and what uniquely the Asian developmental state did that can help illuminate institutional role in policymaking and application. In pursuing this objective, the paper is cognisant of the question by Brousseau et al. asked, regarding generalizability of institutional capabilities, ＂If growth-enhancing institutions are identified in a specific country, can other countries learn from and transplant these＂. The investigation concludes that in public policy and development strategy-making institutions do matter as they delimit or even help create possibilities necessary for development and its sustenance, and to a certain extent, they are the vital constant （factors） that explains development differentiations in different geographic spaces or time periods.

Realistic Difficulties and Routing Selection of the Reform of Separation of Management and Regulation of Public Institutions

Separation of management and regulation of public institutions is the important part of the reform of public institutions,and it is also an effective method to further inspire public institutions,forming the new pattern of social power participating in the development of public welfare undertakings.However,the reform of separation of management and regulation in China faces many problems and difficulties,for which different regions must promote and deepen the reform in spite of such problems and difficulties on the one hand; on the other hand,they must base the reform on the local situation,choosing different reform routes and modes instead of universal application.

Research on the Performance Appraisal of Human Resources in Public Institutions

Under the background of economic globalization,the rapid development of the society and the intricate changes also require a leap in the economy and management level.For state-owned institutions,it is of great significance to maximize the enthusiasm of employees and managers as well as establish a scientific and efficient performance appraisal mechanism.This paper analyzes the existing problems and deficiencies of performance appraisal in public institutions and puts forward corresponding optimization countermeasures and plans.

The Management and Use of Trade Union Funds in Public Institutions

Trade union funds are the basis and guarantee for various activities in public institutions.It is of great significance to constantly enhance the vitality of trade unions and the competitiveness of public institutions to continuously improve the management and use of trade union funds,thus giving full play to the role of trade union funds to better serve workers.This paper analyzes the management and use of trade union funds in the present situation and proposes several measures for improvement.

Human Resource Management of Public Institutions from the Perspective of Sustainable Economic Development

At this stage,the sustainability of human resources in China is becoming more apparent.As vital units of social development,public institutions are facing fierce competitions under the appalling situation of today’s market economy,and the problem of human resource management is increasingly significant.In order to improve their potentiality for sustainable development and enhance their core competitiveness,public institutions must pay attention to human resource management.At present,the human resource management of public institutions,whether from the micro level of employees and managers,or the regional differences at the macro level,all show significant problems,such as the flawed employee management system,the serious phenomenon of difference and mismatch,as well as the lack of professional knowledge among managers.Based on this,this paper takes the coordinated relationship between human resource management and sustainable economic development as a breakthrough and proposes several measures for the problems that exist in the human resource management of public institutions,so as to continuously improve the level of their human resource management as well as promote the sustainable development of public institutions and social economy.

The optimization research on the coupled of active and passive energy supplying in public institutions in China

The building sector is one of the largest energy user and carbon emitters globally.To increase the utilization rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions,the optimal technical scheme of active public institutions and coupled utilization of renewable energy is studied.In this study,the energy consumption of three types of public institutions in various regions of China was simulated by using DeST building energy consumption software,combined with energy conversion efficiency and data released by the National Bureau of Statistics,and the total energy demand and total energy supply of public institutions were predicted using the load density method.Based on the coupling mechanism of the MARKAL model,the optimal proportion of renewable energy in the energy supply of public buildings in different regions is determined.Through the study of the number of public institutions in various regions of China,energy consumption characteristics,construction area,and other related data,the reverse energy flow method is creatively proposed,and the active and renewable energy coupling algorithm from the energy demand side of public institutions to the energy supply side is established.The results show that the central region has the highest utilization rate of renewable energy in the public sector,reaching 36.18%.The use of renewable energy in public buildings in hot summer and warm winter zones decreased to 35.08%,and it was 12.82% in cold zones.By 2025,the proportion of renewable energy resources in China is expected to reach 29.2%.The energy coupling model and algorithm constructed in this paper can provide a basis for the coupling macro configuration of renewable energy in public institutions in China.

Foreign Public Medical Institution Reform Experience and Lesson

Public medical institution reform is entering a crucial stage, it＇ s difficult but important. This paper enumerates several public medical institution reform successful countries such as Singapore, the United States, Britain＇s reform measures, in order to pass the mature experience of western countries for reference, based on China＇s national conditions, find the reasonable reform. Hope can stimulate public hospitals on diversified reform attempt of stakeholders to invest more resources, create more value, let the state and the public get bigger interest. In the end, improve the national medical and health undertakings.

Study on the demand for public health professional after the COVID-19 epidemic in Zhejiang Province, China: A survey based on human-machine collaboration

To understand the needs of public health institutions in Zhejiang Province,China for public health personnel,and provide basis for training public health personnel.Methods:512 public health institutions in Zhejiang Province were randomly selected from different levels and regions,and the number of ublic health professional and the demand for professional ability were investigated by questionnaire.Results:The preventive medicine personnel in public health institutions in Zhejiang Province are insufficient;There is a certain disjunction or dislocation between the abilities and needs of public health professional;The way of continuing education for public health professional is single and the opportunities are few.Conclusion:Zhejiang Province should appropriately expand the enrollment of preventive medicine majors,especially high-level preventive medicine talents,deepen the education and teaching reform of preventive medicine majors,and strengthen the continuing education and training of public health professional to meet the needs of public health services after the COVID-19 epidemic.

“公共文化服务共同体”:大文化视野下的现代治理新路径——兼论公共文化设施质效测算模型构建

“公共文化服务共同体”建设是公共文化服务治理体系和治理能力现代化进程中的新产物,是具有中国特色的公共文化现代治理新路径。文章探讨在大文化视野下,公共文化设施的新型样态及其评价标准,提出公共文化设施质效测算模型,从公共文化设施的有效服务供给能力、有效资源保障能力、有效吸引能力和公众满意度四个方面进行测算,以期以统一的、简单的、少人工的指标进行实时动态数据分析,全面展现大文化视野下公共文化服务供给现状和实际质效,从而以科学决策促进“公共文化服务共同体”可持续发展,推动公共文化服务高质量发展。

层层加码与层层递减:不同类型公共政策自上而下执行的权变逻辑

公共政策自上而下执行中层层加码的现象由来已久且较为普遍。基于不同类型公共政策主要直接功能存在的差异,对规范性、分配性、导向性等3类公共政策自上而下执行中对政策目标、政策工具、政策监控层层加码或层层递减的表现和结果展开分析,从利益逻辑、行为逻辑、制度逻辑探寻行为背后的逻辑动因。要消解政策执行中的层层加码或层层递减现象,应制定明确的政策目标并运用有效的政策工具,健全公共政策执行者激励相容机制,积极践行全过程人民民主,增强目标群体的民主法治监督能力和公共舆论客观理性,在减少政策执行层级的同时加强跨层级治理。

省级公益类科研院所创新绩效评估及实证研究

在深化完善科研院所分类改革背景下,构建以创新质量和贡献为导向的包括创新基础、创新产出、成果转化、履职定位、创新环境在内的公益类科研院所创新绩效评价指标体系,并基于山西省省属科研院所数据,对三类科研院所创新绩效进行测度。研究发现:(1)公益一类、公益二类、转制事业单位三类科研院所在职责任务、服务对象和资源配置上存在着较大不同,绩效评价重点也因之变化;(2)比较创新绩效差异性,三类院所在履职定位和创新环境方面得分较为均衡,而在成果转化、创新产出、创新基础3个指标呈现较大差异;(3)省级公益类科研院所在基础设施、创新平台、高层次人才、创新产出、科技成果转化方面有待改善。基于此,针对不同类型科研院所创新绩效水平提升提出策略,以期为地方科研事业单位创新绩效改革提供决策依据。

新制度经济学视角下我国公立医院规模增长解释框架研究

新医改以来,我国各级各类公立医院规模迅速增长,衍生出财政负担持续加重、卫生费用过快增长、社会基本医疗保险资金分布严重失衡等一系列问题。囿于对我国公立医院规模内涵和增长根源性动力认知的含混,传统经济学有关对我国公立医院规模增长的解释缺乏说服力。鉴于此,从新的经济学角度揭示我国公立医院规模增长的本质性驱动框架已成为指导我国公立医院下一阶段高质量发展的重大理论问题。采用复杂系统建模法测度了新医改以来我国公立医院规模增长状况;归纳了当代公立医院日渐复杂的制度谱系;借鉴新制度经济学制度自身成本和制度变迁成本的观点,从制度成本分析入手,提出在价格规制的前提下,公立医院通过规模增长补偿制度性成本是最佳策略;最后,围绕新医改以来,公立医院经历的囚徒困境博弈、猎鹿博弈、守规博弈三重情境,探明了我国公立医院规模从单体规模增长到延伸性规模增长、再到协同性规模增长的演进路径。

2009—2018年广西公立医疗机构放射作业人员职业健康检查结果分析

目的分析2009—2018年广西壮族自治区(以下简称广西)公立医疗机构放射作业人员职业健康检查情况,为制订相应的职业健康管理措施及职业健康防护提供依据。方法收集2009—2018年9259名广西公立医疗机构放射作业人员的职业健康检查结果,比较不同性别、年龄、工龄、工种的放射作业人员各项体检结果情况。结果广西公立医疗机构放射作业人员职业健康检查中腹部B超异常、晶状体混浊、尿常规异常发生率较高;男性放射作业人员的血压异常率、肝功能异常率、腹部B超异常率、肾功能异常率高于女性,血常规异常率、尿常规异常率、甲状腺异常率低于女性(P<0.05);不同年龄放射作业人员的血压异常率、晶状体混浊率、染色体畸变率、肝功能异常率、腹部B超异常率、肾功能异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同工龄放射作业人员的血压异常率、晶状体混浊、染色体畸变率、肝功能异常率、腹部B超异常率、尿常规异常率、肾功能异常率、甲状腺异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,血压异常率、晶状体混浊率、腹部B超异常率随着年龄、工龄的增加而增加;不同工种放射作业人员晶状体混浊率、腹部B超异常率、尿常规异常率、甲状腺异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论广西地区公立医疗机构放射作业人员健康检查结果中男性多项指标的异常率高于女性,血压异常率、晶状体混浊率、腹部B超异常率随着年龄、工龄的增加而呈上升趋势。相关部门应对不同工种人员进行有针对性的防护意识培训及作业风险评估,切实保护放射工作人员的职业健康。

乡村治理中的集体选择机制建构——基于江西省两个村庄的比较案例分析

如何构建有效的乡村治理规则是一个关键的理论和实践问题,然而学界对乡村治理规则的层次结构和设计方式的研究尚不充分。在一个多层嵌套的制度规则体系中,集体选择规则通过上下贯通嵌套规则体系提升乡村治理绩效。设计集体选择机制需要三个关键要件,分别是利益相容安排、民主协商程序和多元监督体系。对江西省两个村庄的比较案例分析揭示了集体选择机制影响乡村治理效能的内在机制,并探索了建立集体选择机制的具体途径。聚焦集体选择机制的制度分析为国家与社会共治下的乡村治理体系现代化提供了新思路,也为丰富公共治理理论贡献了中国智慧。