Two experiments were conducted during 2006-2007 in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) to test the biological activity of Pseudomonas bacteria as biocides to protect sesame crop from some fungi and to evaluate its eff...Two experiments were conducted during 2006-2007 in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) to test the biological activity of Pseudomonas bacteria as biocides to protect sesame crop from some fungi and to evaluate its efficiency as plant growth promoting First experiment investigated the effects of Pseudomonas putida2 and Pseudomonas fluorescens3 on germination and seedlings growth of sesame crop against Pythium, Alternaria and Fusarium under plastic house conditions. Second experiment conducted in large pots to investigate the effects of the two bacterial isolates on some morphological, productive and physiological characters of sesame plants against same fungi under normal conditions. Results showed very low germination and slowly seedlings growth in Pythium, Fusarium and Alternaria treatments respectively, but adding bacterial vaccine of Pseudomonas putida2 and Pseudomonas fluorescens3 as a Biocide to fungi treatments, increased the germination percent and seedlings growth of sesame crop significantly, 20 days after planting compared with control treatment. In the second experiment, control treatment scored germination by 52%, while vaccines of Pseudornonas putida2 and Pseudomonas fluorescence3 treatments increased germination percentage in Fusarium, Pythium and Alternaria treatments significantly in average more than 71%. Both isolates increased significantly Leaf number per plant, leaf area per plant, height of plant, branches number per plant, total dry weight of shoot per plant and chlorophyll content compared with other and control treatments. Similar significant effect for both isolates was recorded in seeds number per pod per plant, total weight of 1,000 seeds per plant and pods number per plant and percentage of N, P, K in total dry weight of shoot per plant and oil percentage in seeds per plant compared with other and control treatments. P. putida2 increased oil percentage in seeds by 43.3, 48.0 and 45.0% respectively while with P. fluorescens3 increased to 42.7, 44.0 and 43.7% respectively compared with control treatment (27.7%). In general Pseudomonas putida2 increased most of growth characters much higher than Pseudomonas fluorescens3, it may related to siderophores compound and genetic factors.展开更多
The conversion of methane to olefins,aromatics,and hydrogen(MTOAH)can be used to stably obtain hydrocarbons when the effect of the catalytic surface is optimized from the reaction engineering perspective.In this study...The conversion of methane to olefins,aromatics,and hydrogen(MTOAH)can be used to stably obtain hydrocarbons when the effect of the catalytic surface is optimized from the reaction engineering perspective.In this study,Fe/Si C catalysts were packed into a quartz tube reactor.The catalytic surfaces of Si C and the impregnated Fe species decreased the apparent activation energies(E_a)of methane consumption in the blank reactor between 965 and 1020℃.Consequently,the hydrocarbon yield increased by 2.4times at 1020℃.Based on the model reactions of ethane,ethylene,and acetylene mixed with hydrogen in the range of 500-1020℃,an excess amount of Fe in the reactor favored the C-C coupling reaction over the selective hydrogenation of acetylene;consequently,coke formation was favored over the hydrogenation reaction.The gas-phase reactions and catalyst properties were optimized to increase hydrocarbon yields while reducing coke selectivity.The 0.2Fe catalyst-packed reactor(0.26 wt%Fe)resulted in a hydrocarbon yield of 7.1%and a coke selectivity of<2%when the ratio of the void space of the postcatalyst zone to the catalyst space was adjusted to be≥2.Based on these findings,the facile approach of decoupling the reaction zone between the catalyst surface and the gas-phase reaction can provide insights into catalytic reactor design,thereby facilitating the scale-up from the laboratory to the commercial scale.展开更多
Non-oxidative conversion of methane to olefins,aromatics and hydrogen(MTOAH) has been reported recently over metal single sites such as iron and platinum.The reaction was proposed to involve catalytic activation of me...Non-oxidative conversion of methane to olefins,aromatics and hydrogen(MTOAH) has been reported recently over metal single sites such as iron and platinum.The reaction was proposed to involve catalytic activation of methane followed by gas phase C-C coupling of methyl radicals.This study using H atom Rydberg Tagging time-of-flight technique provides direct experimental evidence for the formation of hydrogen radicals during MTOAH reaction over a catalytic quartz wall reactor containing embedded iron species(denoted as Fe-reactor).Fe-reactor gives 7.3% methane conversion at 1273 K with 41.2% selectivity toward C2(ethane,ethylene and acetylene) and 31.8% toward BTX(benzene,toluene and xylene),respectively.The enhancing effects of hydrogen radicals on overall MTOAH performance are validated by cofeeding hydrogen donor benzene,which provides an additional route of methane activation apart from catalytic activation.展开更多
Some new 2-thioxo thiazole, 2-thioxo 1,3,4- thiadiazole and 3-thioxo-1,3,4-triazole derivatives (3-17) have been synthesized through ring closure reactions ofdithioic formic acid hydrazones 2 with functional reagent...Some new 2-thioxo thiazole, 2-thioxo 1,3,4- thiadiazole and 3-thioxo-1,3,4-triazole derivatives (3-17) have been synthesized through ring closure reactions ofdithioic formic acid hydrazones 2 with functional reagents in different medium. Former structures of the products have been established by the help of elemental and spectral analysis. Most of the obtained targets showed a moderate activity towards some microbes in comparison with two antibiotics Pipercillin and Mycostatine.展开更多
Some more new sulfur compounds bearing heterocyclic systems mainly 2-thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinone derivatives 2-7 and 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 9 have been synthetic via alkylation, acylation and condensation ...Some more new sulfur compounds bearing heterocyclic systems mainly 2-thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinone derivatives 2-7 and 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 9 have been synthetic via alkylation, acylation and condensation of dithioic formic acid hydrazide 1 through ring closure reactions with α,β-bi functional groups compounds. Most of the obtained target showed a highly activity towards some microbial in compare with two references antibiotics, Pipercillin and Mycostatine. The structures of the products have been established from their elemental and spectral analysis.展开更多
A new type of Si3N4 ceramics (ZAN) is developed in our laboratory. Densification of ZAN is promoted by non-toxic, non-oxide AZ-type additives. In this work high temperature (HT) properties and microstructures of ZAN a...A new type of Si3N4 ceramics (ZAN) is developed in our laboratory. Densification of ZAN is promoted by non-toxic, non-oxide AZ-type additives. In this work high temperature (HT) properties and microstructures of ZAN are investigated.展开更多
In this paper the characteristics of glass formation and structure of non-oxide glasses, have been summarized and some basic points have been discussed. The main points are as follows-Chemical bond nature is a deter-m...In this paper the characteristics of glass formation and structure of non-oxide glasses, have been summarized and some basic points have been discussed. The main points are as follows-Chemical bond nature is a deter-minative factor of formation and structure of glass ;Calcu-lation of glass formation ability by chemical bond paramiters; Classification of inorganic glass systems by characteristics of short range order of the glass structure; Structural models of non-oxide glasses.展开更多
The intrinsic reaction kinetics of methane aromatization under non-oxidative conditions over modified Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts was studied in the quartz pipe-reactor under ordinary pressure with the temperature ranging fro...The intrinsic reaction kinetics of methane aromatization under non-oxidative conditions over modified Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts was studied in the quartz pipe-reactor under ordinary pressure with the temperature ranging from 913.15 to 973.15 K and the space velocity from 700 to 2100 ml/(g·h). The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was chosen to describe the intrinsic kinetics while Levenberg-Marquardt method was selected to determine the parameters in the kinetic model. Statistical test and residual error distribution diagrams showed that experimental data were in good agreement with calculated data, and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was suitable for the description of the intrinsic kinetics of methane aromatization under the reaction conditions discussed in this article.展开更多
This study focused on the identification of the filamentous fungi associated with soapstone samples exposed to outdoor conditions and the biocidal effect of gamma radiations on isolated fungal populations in Minas Ger...This study focused on the identification of the filamentous fungi associated with soapstone samples exposed to outdoor conditions and the biocidal effect of gamma radiations on isolated fungal populations in Minas Gerais State in Brazil. Two soapstone blocks were placed outdoors under tropical environmental conditions for 12 months. A total of 9 filamentous fungal populations were identified on their surfaces, namely Acremomium (cf.) alternatum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillusfumigatus, Calcarisporium (cf.) arbuscula, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium equiseti and Penicillium citrinum. The gamma radiation assay was then carried out as a test of biocidal action by exposing all fungal populations to the ionizing radiation. The results showed that only the C. cladosporioides species was resistant to this biocidal agent, since it was able to increase its population post exposure. Scanning electron microscopy images identified the microbial colonization on the soapstone blocks and the stone elementar composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. After treatment, there was no structural and aesthetic alteration in the soapstone samples, and evidencing that gamma radiation can be used as a biocidal agent. However, the resistance of the black fungal population indicates caution in the choice of gamma irradiation as biocidal treatment.展开更多
For initiative application of non-oxides in refractories, it is essential to study thermodynamic properties of non-oxides. The stability and stable order of non-ox- ides under oxidized atmosphere are analyzed firstly ...For initiative application of non-oxides in refractories, it is essential to study thermodynamic properties of non-oxides. The stability and stable order of non-ox- ides under oxidized atmosphere are analyzed firstly and then a new process, “converse reaction sintering”, is proposed. The results of study on oxidation mechanism of silicon and aluminum nitrides indicate that the gaseous suboxides can be produced observably when the oxygen partial pressure is lower than “conversion oxygen partial pressure”. The suboxides can be deposited near the surface of composite to become a compact layer. This causes the material possessing a performance of “self-impedient oxidation”. Metal Si and Al are the better additives for increasing the density and width of compact layer and increasing the ability of anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion. The study on Si3 N4-Al2O3, Si3N4-MgO, Si3 N4-SiC systems is also enumerated as examples in the paper. The experimental results show that the converse reaction sintering is able to make high performance composites and metal Si and Al not only can promote the sintering but also increase the density and width of compact layer.展开更多
Ti(C,N)is a raw material for refractories with excellent properties.The preparation of Ti(C,N)by reducing TiO2 has the characteristics of low cost and simple process.In this paper,the research status of resin-bonded A...Ti(C,N)is a raw material for refractories with excellent properties.The preparation of Ti(C,N)by reducing TiO2 has the characteristics of low cost and simple process.In this paper,the research status of resin-bonded Al-Al2O3 refractories containing TiO2 under high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressure was introduced.展开更多
This paper reviews the chemical durability of non-oxide glasses including fluoride, non-fluoride halide, chalcogenide and chalcohalide glasses. Their kinetics and mechanism of corrosion are described and discussed. ...This paper reviews the chemical durability of non-oxide glasses including fluoride, non-fluoride halide, chalcogenide and chalcohalide glasses. Their kinetics and mechanism of corrosion are described and discussed. (Author abstract) 14 Refs.展开更多
文摘Two experiments were conducted during 2006-2007 in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) to test the biological activity of Pseudomonas bacteria as biocides to protect sesame crop from some fungi and to evaluate its efficiency as plant growth promoting First experiment investigated the effects of Pseudomonas putida2 and Pseudomonas fluorescens3 on germination and seedlings growth of sesame crop against Pythium, Alternaria and Fusarium under plastic house conditions. Second experiment conducted in large pots to investigate the effects of the two bacterial isolates on some morphological, productive and physiological characters of sesame plants against same fungi under normal conditions. Results showed very low germination and slowly seedlings growth in Pythium, Fusarium and Alternaria treatments respectively, but adding bacterial vaccine of Pseudomonas putida2 and Pseudomonas fluorescens3 as a Biocide to fungi treatments, increased the germination percent and seedlings growth of sesame crop significantly, 20 days after planting compared with control treatment. In the second experiment, control treatment scored germination by 52%, while vaccines of Pseudornonas putida2 and Pseudomonas fluorescence3 treatments increased germination percentage in Fusarium, Pythium and Alternaria treatments significantly in average more than 71%. Both isolates increased significantly Leaf number per plant, leaf area per plant, height of plant, branches number per plant, total dry weight of shoot per plant and chlorophyll content compared with other and control treatments. Similar significant effect for both isolates was recorded in seeds number per pod per plant, total weight of 1,000 seeds per plant and pods number per plant and percentage of N, P, K in total dry weight of shoot per plant and oil percentage in seeds per plant compared with other and control treatments. P. putida2 increased oil percentage in seeds by 43.3, 48.0 and 45.0% respectively while with P. fluorescens3 increased to 42.7, 44.0 and 43.7% respectively compared with control treatment (27.7%). In general Pseudomonas putida2 increased most of growth characters much higher than Pseudomonas fluorescens3, it may related to siderophores compound and genetic factors.
基金supported by the C1 Gas Refinery Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning (NRF2017M3D3A1A01037001)supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy (MOTIE),Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT)through the Virtual Engineering Platform Program (P0022334)。
文摘The conversion of methane to olefins,aromatics,and hydrogen(MTOAH)can be used to stably obtain hydrocarbons when the effect of the catalytic surface is optimized from the reaction engineering perspective.In this study,Fe/Si C catalysts were packed into a quartz tube reactor.The catalytic surfaces of Si C and the impregnated Fe species decreased the apparent activation energies(E_a)of methane consumption in the blank reactor between 965 and 1020℃.Consequently,the hydrocarbon yield increased by 2.4times at 1020℃.Based on the model reactions of ethane,ethylene,and acetylene mixed with hydrogen in the range of 500-1020℃,an excess amount of Fe in the reactor favored the C-C coupling reaction over the selective hydrogenation of acetylene;consequently,coke formation was favored over the hydrogenation reaction.The gas-phase reactions and catalyst properties were optimized to increase hydrocarbon yields while reducing coke selectivity.The 0.2Fe catalyst-packed reactor(0.26 wt%Fe)resulted in a hydrocarbon yield of 7.1%and a coke selectivity of<2%when the ratio of the void space of the postcatalyst zone to the catalyst space was adjusted to be≥2.Based on these findings,the facile approach of decoupling the reaction zone between the catalyst surface and the gas-phase reaction can provide insights into catalytic reactor design,thereby facilitating the scale-up from the laboratory to the commercial scale.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB10020202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21621063, 21425312, 21761132035)the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0403402)。
文摘Non-oxidative conversion of methane to olefins,aromatics and hydrogen(MTOAH) has been reported recently over metal single sites such as iron and platinum.The reaction was proposed to involve catalytic activation of methane followed by gas phase C-C coupling of methyl radicals.This study using H atom Rydberg Tagging time-of-flight technique provides direct experimental evidence for the formation of hydrogen radicals during MTOAH reaction over a catalytic quartz wall reactor containing embedded iron species(denoted as Fe-reactor).Fe-reactor gives 7.3% methane conversion at 1273 K with 41.2% selectivity toward C2(ethane,ethylene and acetylene) and 31.8% toward BTX(benzene,toluene and xylene),respectively.The enhancing effects of hydrogen radicals on overall MTOAH performance are validated by cofeeding hydrogen donor benzene,which provides an additional route of methane activation apart from catalytic activation.
文摘Some new 2-thioxo thiazole, 2-thioxo 1,3,4- thiadiazole and 3-thioxo-1,3,4-triazole derivatives (3-17) have been synthesized through ring closure reactions ofdithioic formic acid hydrazones 2 with functional reagents in different medium. Former structures of the products have been established by the help of elemental and spectral analysis. Most of the obtained targets showed a moderate activity towards some microbes in comparison with two antibiotics Pipercillin and Mycostatine.
文摘Some more new sulfur compounds bearing heterocyclic systems mainly 2-thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinone derivatives 2-7 and 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 9 have been synthetic via alkylation, acylation and condensation of dithioic formic acid hydrazide 1 through ring closure reactions with α,β-bi functional groups compounds. Most of the obtained target showed a highly activity towards some microbial in compare with two references antibiotics, Pipercillin and Mycostatine. The structures of the products have been established from their elemental and spectral analysis.
文摘A new type of Si3N4 ceramics (ZAN) is developed in our laboratory. Densification of ZAN is promoted by non-toxic, non-oxide AZ-type additives. In this work high temperature (HT) properties and microstructures of ZAN are investigated.
文摘In this paper the characteristics of glass formation and structure of non-oxide glasses, have been summarized and some basic points have been discussed. The main points are as follows-Chemical bond nature is a deter-minative factor of formation and structure of glass ;Calcu-lation of glass formation ability by chemical bond paramiters; Classification of inorganic glass systems by characteristics of short range order of the glass structure; Structural models of non-oxide glasses.
文摘The intrinsic reaction kinetics of methane aromatization under non-oxidative conditions over modified Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts was studied in the quartz pipe-reactor under ordinary pressure with the temperature ranging from 913.15 to 973.15 K and the space velocity from 700 to 2100 ml/(g·h). The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was chosen to describe the intrinsic kinetics while Levenberg-Marquardt method was selected to determine the parameters in the kinetic model. Statistical test and residual error distribution diagrams showed that experimental data were in good agreement with calculated data, and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was suitable for the description of the intrinsic kinetics of methane aromatization under the reaction conditions discussed in this article.
文摘This study focused on the identification of the filamentous fungi associated with soapstone samples exposed to outdoor conditions and the biocidal effect of gamma radiations on isolated fungal populations in Minas Gerais State in Brazil. Two soapstone blocks were placed outdoors under tropical environmental conditions for 12 months. A total of 9 filamentous fungal populations were identified on their surfaces, namely Acremomium (cf.) alternatum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillusfumigatus, Calcarisporium (cf.) arbuscula, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium equiseti and Penicillium citrinum. The gamma radiation assay was then carried out as a test of biocidal action by exposing all fungal populations to the ionizing radiation. The results showed that only the C. cladosporioides species was resistant to this biocidal agent, since it was able to increase its population post exposure. Scanning electron microscopy images identified the microbial colonization on the soapstone blocks and the stone elementar composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. After treatment, there was no structural and aesthetic alteration in the soapstone samples, and evidencing that gamma radiation can be used as a biocidal agent. However, the resistance of the black fungal population indicates caution in the choice of gamma irradiation as biocidal treatment.
文摘For initiative application of non-oxides in refractories, it is essential to study thermodynamic properties of non-oxides. The stability and stable order of non-ox- ides under oxidized atmosphere are analyzed firstly and then a new process, “converse reaction sintering”, is proposed. The results of study on oxidation mechanism of silicon and aluminum nitrides indicate that the gaseous suboxides can be produced observably when the oxygen partial pressure is lower than “conversion oxygen partial pressure”. The suboxides can be deposited near the surface of composite to become a compact layer. This causes the material possessing a performance of “self-impedient oxidation”. Metal Si and Al are the better additives for increasing the density and width of compact layer and increasing the ability of anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion. The study on Si3 N4-Al2O3, Si3N4-MgO, Si3 N4-SiC systems is also enumerated as examples in the paper. The experimental results show that the converse reaction sintering is able to make high performance composites and metal Si and Al not only can promote the sintering but also increase the density and width of compact layer.
文摘Ti(C,N)is a raw material for refractories with excellent properties.The preparation of Ti(C,N)by reducing TiO2 has the characteristics of low cost and simple process.In this paper,the research status of resin-bonded Al-Al2O3 refractories containing TiO2 under high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressure was introduced.
基金Suppokted by the Foundation of state Commission of Education and the National Science Foundation
文摘This paper reviews the chemical durability of non-oxide glasses including fluoride, non-fluoride halide, chalcogenide and chalcohalide glasses. Their kinetics and mechanism of corrosion are described and discussed. (Author abstract) 14 Refs.