CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES

An efficient hybrid field solution to microstrip transmission lines is presented byusing SLE and SLM modes in spectral domain.It by-passes the lengthy process of formulatingthe determinant equation for the unknown propagation constant.Compared with spectral domainadmittance approach,this method is clear in both physical and mathematical senses and may beapplied to a variety of structures.

ANALYSIS OF OPEN MICROSTRIP STRUCTURES BY USING DIAKOPTIC METHOD OF LINES COMBINED WITH PERIODIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

This paper presents the analysis of open microstrip structures by using diakoptic method of lines (ML) combined with periodic boundary conditions (PBC). The parameters of microstrip patch are obtained from patch current excited by plane wave. Impedance matrix elements are computed by using fast Fourier transform(FFT), and reduced equation is solved by using diakoptic technique. Consequently, the computing time is reduced significantly. The convergence property of simulating open structure by using PBC and the comparison of the computer time between using PBC and usual absorbing boundary condition (ABC) show the validity of the method proposed in this paper. Finally, the resonant frequency of a microstrip patch is computed. The numerical results obtained are in good agreement with those published.

CMOS Phase and Quadrature Pulsed Differential Oscillators Coupled through Microstrip Delay-Lines

An innovative solution to design phase and quadrature pulsed coupled oscillators systems through electromagnetic waveguides is described in this paper. Each oscillator is constituted by an LC differential resonator refilled through a couple of current pulse generator circuits. The phase and quadrature coupling between the two differential oscillators is achieved using delayed replicas of generated fundamentals from a resonator as driving signal of pulse generator injecting in the other resonator. The delayed replicas are obtained by microstrip-based delay-lines. A 2.4 - 2.5 GHz VCO has been implemented in a 150 nm RF CMOS process. Simulations showed at 1 MHz offset a phase noise of -139.9 dBc/Hz and a FOM of -189.1 dB.

Nonlinear properties of the lattice network-based nonlinear CRLH transmission lines

The nonlinear properties of lattice network-based（LNB） composite right-/left-handed transmission lines（CRLH TLs）with nonlinear capacitors are experimentally investigated.Harmonic generation,subharmonic generation,and parametric excitation are clearly observed in an unbalanced LNB CRLH TL separately.While the balanced design of the novel nonlinear TL shows that the subharmonic generation and parametric processes can be suppressed,and almost the same power level of the higher harmonics can be achieved over a wide bandwidth range,which are difficult to find in conventional CRLH TLs.

High-gain planar TEM horn antenna fed by balanced microstrip line

A printed TEM horn antenna with high gain fed by balanced microstrip line is proposed. The radia- tion part of the antenna consists of two symmetrical triangular metal slice branches printed on the FR-4 substrate with 1.5 mrn thickness. The two branches are fed by balanced mierostrip line. The antenna is simulated by soft- ware CST MICROWAVE STUDIO and the equivalent adopted dipole model is proposed to describe the radia- tion characteristic of the antenna. The simulation results indicate that the frequency range is from 1.64 GHz to 5 GHz with reflection coefficient less than -6 dB, and the typical gain value is 8 dB in the operating band- width. In order to improve antenna gain without influencing the bandwidth, the length of the dielectric slab should be extended appropriately in the main radiation direction. By extending the length of the dielectric slab appropriately in the main radiation direction, the antenna gain can be improved significantly without the influ- ence on the bandwidth. Besides, a metal disc loaded in the radiation direction makes the gain in band be more stable. The prototype has been fabricated and measured in microwave anechoic chamber which is coincident with the simulation results. This antenna can be widely applied in the UWB field.

Design and Development of a 2 ×1 Array of Slotted Microstrip Line Fed Shorted Patch Antenna for DCS Mobile Communication System

Compact microstrip antennas have recently received much attention due to the increasing demand of small antennas for personal communication equipment. The problem of achieving a wide impedance bandwidth for compact microstrip antennas is becoming an important topic in microstrip antenna design. In this paper the design and development of a 2 × 1 array of a low cost slotted microstrip line fed shorted patch antenna (MFSPA) has been presented. Both the shorted patch and microstrip line feed network have air substrate. The material cost is thus reduced to a minimum. The array consists of two adjacent patches fed, using a simple microstrip T network. The impedance bandwidth of nearly 40%, covering the bandwidth requirement of 1750 MHz band is obtained. Also the antenna exhibits dual band operation. The cross polarization radiation in H-Plane observed with a single element antenna has been reduced considerably with 2 × 1 array. A peak antenna gain of 9.2 dBi is obtained with a small variation of 0.8 dBi. From the results obtained it is clear that the antenna array studied has a low cost fabrication and is suitable for applications in DCS mobile communication base station.

Design, Modelling and Characterization of Transmission Lines for mm-Wave Silicon ICs

This article describes the design, modelling and characterization of transmission lines for millimetre wave silicon integrated circuits up to 65 GHz. The simulation results of three different EM （electro-magnetic） simulators for a selected hybrid coplanar layout structure are presented. Two different deembedding methods are investigated and compared with respect to sensitivity to typical measurement errors. Finally both methods are applied to the measurement results of the fabricated test structures in a 250 nm BiCMOS technology showing good agreement to EM simulations and predicted sensitivity to measurement errors.

Study on a W-band modified V-shaped microstrip meander-line traveling-wave tube

The study on a miniaturized, low-voltage, wide-bandwidth, high-efficiency modified V-shaped microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure is presented. This structure is evolved from the original U-shaped microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure, combining the advantages of a traditional microstrip and a rectangular helix. In this paper, simulations of the electromagnetic characteristics and the beam-wave interaction of this structure are carried out. Our study shows that when the design voltage and the current of a sheet electron beam are set to be 4700 V and 100 mA, respectively, this miniature millimeter-wave power amplifier is capable of delivering 160-W output power with a corresponding gain of 37.3 dB and a maximum interaction efficiency of 34% at 97 GHz.

面向环境射频能量收集的宽频整流电路

整流电路是射频能量回收系统的核心,能够将射频能量转换为直流。但由于整流电路中使用的二极管具有非线性特性,导致整流效率会随频率变化而降低。为解决这一问题,本文提出一种具有宽频带的整流电路,它通过采用与二极管串联的短路线、与二极管并联的开路线以及多级微带线结构来调整阻抗匹配,实现了在宽频带范围内的高转换效率。设计的整流电路在0 dBm的输入功率下,从1.7~2.7 GHz,均达到50%的整流转换效率,最高整流转换效率为63.3%。该宽带整流电路可以运用在无线能量收集系统中。

基于THz-TDR的芯片金属微带线缺陷检测

针对体积小、走线密集、集成度高的封装芯片缺陷检测,目前的主要检测手段存在精度低、周期长等缺点。为弥补传统检测方法的不足,作者结合太赫兹技术与时域反射技术,探究对芯片上金属导线缺陷检测的可行性。首先在不同宽度的金属微带线上加工了不同比例的凸起、凹槽缺陷,模拟集成芯片中金属导线的不完全开/短路等阻抗不匹配情况,利用太赫兹时域反射计采集其时域反射信号。然后根据时域反射脉冲对应的时间分别对不同缺陷程度、不同缺陷类型进行定性分析,并精确计算出了芯片上金属微带线的缺陷位置。最后利用有限元分析法对硅基底上存在缺陷的金属微带线进行仿真分析,与实验结果具有良好的一致性。该研究表明,太赫兹技术与时域反射技术结合能够实现对芯片上金属导线缺陷的诊断检测,为集成芯片的缺陷检测提供了经验参考。

基于周期性枝节加载的微带线串扰抑制研究

针对当前印刷电路板上相邻微带线之间的串扰抑制问题,提出了一种在超宽带频率范围内利用周期性耦合枝节来抑制微带线远端串扰的电磁兼容设计。在串扰的形成原因分析基础上,该设计将沿传统微带线纵向方向加载的周期性开路枝节进一步与相邻两条微带线之间周期性加载的工字型耦合枝节相结合。微带线上的开路枝节以及线间的耦合枝节主要用于增加微带线等效自感和线间等效互容,并减小线间等效互感,由此显著降低远端串扰强度。同时,线间等效互感的减小能抑制因容性耦合增大而导致的近端串扰上升。全波结果表明,该设计在1~20 GHz范围内可使相邻微带线的远端串扰强度小于-48 dB,且物理结构中不涉及金属化通孔,具有几何结构简单、成本低和可布线空间大等特点。

Q波段微带到带状线垂直过渡结构

层间垂直过渡结构通常被用来实现组件结构的小型化和高密度设计,在毫米波电路布线中起着不可或缺的作用。本文设计了一种可用于Q波段的微带线到带状线的垂直过渡结构,在微带线的末端采用“水滴”匹配结构,以金属通孔连接传输线的形式进行射频信号的垂直传输。运用三维高频电磁仿真软件(HFSS)建立该结构,并与其他类似结构进行性能仿真比对。优化结果表明,这种结构在42~47 GHz频带范围内,反射系数小于-20 dB,带内插入损耗优于0.3 dB,可以满足工程应用的要求。相比同类型的其他垂直过渡结构,本文结构在减小占用面积的同时保持了良好的传输性能。

基于悬置微带结构的无反射滤波器

通过悬置微带传输线结构进行了无反射滤波器的研究和设计。首先利用耦合线结构设计了中心频率为3.92 GHz,插入损耗为0.32 dB,在0.1~10 GHz内回波损耗超过11.6 dB,中心频率处超过38 dB的双端口无反射带通滤波器;又利用λ/4开路谐振器和λ/4短路谐振器作为滤波单元,设计了中心频率为4.25 GHz,回波损耗在1.5~6 GHz内超过11 dB,在中心频率处超过40 dB的双端口无反射带阻滤波器。所提出的这两款无反射滤波器具有无反射频带范围宽、工作频带内S_(11)衰减大、多层自封装等突出优点。

基于DGS的紧凑型低通滤波器

文中提出一种基于缺陷地结构的新型低通滤波器。其由位于微带结构顶部的加宽微带线、位于接地层中的经典哑铃型缺陷地结构(DGS)和蛇形缝隙缺陷地结构(DGS)组成,结构设计紧凑,容易调整。文中选用0.01 dB等波纹的切比雪夫型低通滤波器,分别采用哑铃型DGS、蛇形缝隙DGS替换LPF原型电路中的电感,加宽微带线替换并联电容,同时将加宽微带线产生的寄生电感考虑进去。哑铃型DGS产生的高频衰减点加宽阻带,蛇形缝隙DGS提供的低频衰减点使得通带到阻带陡峭过渡。实验结果表明,所设计的截止频率为2.54 GHz的低通滤波器具有明显的截止频率响应,通带内插损均在0.9dB以下,阻带抑制均在21dB以下。经实物加工测试验证,所设计的低通滤波器实际结果与仿真结果基本一致,具有可行性。

短路枝节加载微带传输线滤波器设计方法研究

对于微带线滤波器为代表的传输线滤波器设计,给定技术指标,如何快速准确地确定其拓扑结构和结构参数是其中的关键。由于分布参数效应,导致传输线滤波器设计比较困难。针对一种短路枝节加载微带传输线滤波器,深入研究了其物理机制,给出了解析设计方法。首先导出了滤波器的传输矩阵,接着通过cot变换关系对传输矩阵进行变换,最后将其与根据技术指标综合得到的理想传输矩阵进行比对,从而能够快速地确定滤波器的结构参数初始值。为了验证所述设计方法,设计了一个中心频率为3.0 GHz,绝对带宽为2.0 GHz,回波损耗小于-20 dB的三阶带通滤波器实例,并进行了加工测试。测试结果表明,理论、仿真和测试结果相吻合,验证了设计方法的有效性。

基于多段SIR的微带交指滤波器小型化设计

微带交指滤波器作为一种常见的二维滤波器,在工程上有着广泛应用,但由于其尺寸较大,从而限制了应用场景的扩展。基于阶跃阻抗谐振器(stepped impedance resona-tor,SIR)理论,设计了一款新型微带交指滤波器,完成了对传统微带交指滤波器的尺寸优化。该滤波器使用三段式SIR结构,与传统结构滤波器的谐振器相比,长度缩减了23.2%。利用CST仿真了相同设计指标下SIR滤波器和传统滤波器的性能,结果表明二者都能够满足设计指标要求,且SIR滤波器在通带内性能更佳,说明使用该方法实现小型化具有较强实用意义。为验证滤波器的可用性,进行了实物加工和测试,谐振结构尺寸为10.9 mm×13.6 mm,为便于测试,电路板尺寸为24 mm×18 mm×0.508 mm,实测结果与仿真结果在通带内最大差异小于1.5 dB。该滤波器的最终指标为中心频率2.5 GHz,带宽150 MHz,带内损耗≤4 dB,阻带抑制≥23 dB(频率≤2.2 GHz或≥2.72 GHz)。

微带线耦合馈电的低RCS微带天线设计

设计一种微带线耦合馈电的低雷达散射截面(RCS)微带天线,天线工作频带为BD2 B3。通过提高介质基板的介电常数使天线小型化,并采用微带线耦合馈电技术,经仿真和实测结果表明,天线结构简单,调频容易,辐射性能优于同轴探针馈电微带天线,并有效地缩减了天线频带内的RCS,最大缩减量达到了30dB。

基于0.15μm GaAs pHEMT工艺的低噪声放大器设计

阐述一款源极负反馈结构的低噪声放大器设计,它基于0.15μm GaAs pHEMT工艺,采用微带线进行反馈和双边匹配,极大程度改善电路的噪声、增益和稳定性。放大器采用单电阻偏置方式,实现2V单电源供电,静态电流为78.9mA。它的中心频率为2.4GHz,在2.1~2.7GHz频段内最大增益大于16dB,增益平坦度在±0.6dB内,实际噪声系数小于1.5dB,系统在全频带内非常稳定,可适用于无线系统接收端前端设计。

Reconfigurable 3/6 dB Novel Branch Line Coupler

In this paper, a new idea of reconfigurable 3/6 dB branch line coupler is proposed. The proposed coupler is tuned through a simple open and short circuit at the coupler’s branches’ edges. At the short edges case, a 3 dB branch line coupler is obtained. In this case, the coupler’s branches are considered as microstrip transmission lines with 0.3 mm slot width which is etched in each coupler’s branch. At the open edges case, the coupler’s branches are considered as asymmetric coupled microstrip lines. In this case, a 6 dB branch line coupler is obtained. Both CST and IE3D simulators are used to optimize the reconfigurable 3/6 dB branch line coupler dimensions. As a prototypes, two BLCs are designed, analyzed and tested at the “on” and “off” states at 2.5 GHz. The measured S-parameters confirm the proposed concept of the reconfigurable 3/6 dB branch line coupler.

Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna for Dual-Band

This paper presents air gap aperture coupled microstrip antenna for dual-band operation over the frequency range of (2.9 to 6.0 GHz). This antenna differs from any other microstrip antenna with their feeding structure of the radiating patch element. Input signal couples to the radiating patch trough the aperture that exists on the ground plane of microstrip feed line. The dual-band achieved by variation of air gap [2 mm to 6 mm] between single patch antenna and aper-ture coupled microstrip antenna. The main advantage of this type antenna is increased the bandwidth of the antenna as compared to a single layered patch antenna. The two resonant frequencies can vary over a wide frequency range and the input impedance is easily matched for both frequencies. The obtain ratios of resonance frequencies are variable from 2.1 GHz to 1.1 GHz with increasing the air gap between single patch and aperture coupled microstrip antenna. The measured return loss [–14 dB] exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 35%. The input impedance and VSWR return loss have been measured with the help of Network analyzer.