Two new limonoids from Melia toosendan

Two new limonoid-type triterpenoids, named 12-o-ethyl-l-deacetylnimbolinin B and 1-o-tigloyl-1-o-debenzoylohchinal, have been isolated from the fruit of Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods, including 2D-NMR spectra.

Five new mexicanolide type limonoids from Heynea trijuga

Five new mexicanolide-type limonoids,heytrijunolides A-E(1-5)were isolated from the branches and leaves of Heynea trijuga.The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis.Compound 3 showed weak cytotoxicity against HL-60,SMMC-7721 and A-549 human tumor cell lines with the IC50 values of 21.88,20.66 and 12.70μM,respectively.

New limonoids from the fruits of Melia toosendan

Two new limonoids,1α-tigloyloxy-3α-acetoxyl-7α-hydroxyl-12α-ethoxyl nimbolinin（1） and lα-benzoyloxy-3α-acetoxyl-7α- hydroxyl-12α-ethoxyl nimbolinin（2）,were isolated from the fruits of Melia toosendan.Their structures were established on the basis of various NMR spectroscopic analyses,including 2D-NMR techniques（HSQC,HMBC,NOESY） and HR-ESI-MS.

Diterpenoids and Limonoids from the Leaves and Twigs of Swietenia mahagoni

Three new compounds,including two diterpenoids,nemoralisins H and I(1 and 2),and a limonoid,2-methoxy khayseneganin E(3),along with four known constituents(4-7),were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Swietenia mahagoni.Their chemical structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis.The cytotoxities of these isolated constituents were assayed.

Highly Oxygenated Limonoids and Lignans from Phyllanthus flexuosus

Two new highly oxygenated limonoids,flexuosoids A(1)and B(2),and three new arylnaphthalene lignan glycosides,phyllanthusmins D–F(3–5),were isolated from the roots of Phyllanthus flexuosus,in addition to three known lignans,phyllanthusmin C,arabelline,and(?)-diasyringaresinol.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods.Compounds 1 and 2,two new decaoxygenated limonoids with a C-19/29 lactol bridge and heptaoxygenated substituents at C-1,C-2,C-3,C-7,C-11,C-17,and C-30,represent the second example of limonoids in the Euphorbiaceae family.Most of the isolates were tested for their antifeedant,anti-herpes simplex virus 1,and cytotoxic activities.The new limonoids 1 and 2 showed promising antifeedant activity against the beet army worm(Spodoptera exigua)with EC50 values of 25.1 and 17.3 lg/cm2,respectively.In addition,both of them displayed moderate cytotoxicity against the ECA109 human esophagus cancer cell line,along with the known lignan glycoside,phyllanthusmin C,with the IC50 values of 11.5(1),8.5(2),and 7.8(phyllanthusmin C)lM,respectively.

Five new limonoids isolated from Walsura robusta

Five new toosendanin limonoids with highly oxidative furan ring walsurobustones A-D(1-4),and one new furan ring degraded limonoid walsurobustone E(5)together with one known compound toonapubesic acid B(6)were isolated from the leaves of Walsura robusta.Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS data.Especially,the absolute configuration of toonapubesic acid B(6)was confirmed by X-ray diffraction study.Compounds 1-6 exhibited good cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines HL-60,SMMC-7721,A-549,MCF-7,and SW480.

Limonoids and triterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Dysoxylum hainanense

Four new limonoids,dysohainanins A-D(1-4),and two new triterpenoids,dysohainanins E and F(5 and 6),together with seven known ones were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Dysoxylum hainanense Merr.The structures of the new compounds were determined by a variety of spectroscopic methods.The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated,and the known compound ent-19-nor-4,16,18-trihydroxy-8(14)-pomaren-15-one(13)showed in vitro cytotoxicity against HL-60,A-549,MCF-7,and SW480 cells,with IC50 values of 24.3,28.1,30.7,and 22.5mM,respectively.Compounds 2 and 3 were tested their insecticidal activities using brine shrimp and both of them were inactive.

Four New Limonoids from the Barks of Toona ciliata

Four new limonoids,toonayunnanaes F−I(1−4),and six known compounds(5−10)were isolated from the barks of Toona ciliata.Their structures were elucidated by thoroughly analyzing of NMR and HRMS data,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction of 1.The oxetane ring moiety in 1 was rare in limonoids and other natural products.Compound 1 showed nitric oxide(NO)inhibitory effect with an IC5038.45±0.41μM in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Cipatrijugin G,a new trijugin-type limonoid bearing an uncommonγ-hydroxybutenolide unit from the aerial parts of Cipadessa cinerascens

A new trijugin-type limonoid,cipatrijugin G(1),together with the related known cipatrijugin A(2),were isolated from the aerial parts of Cipadessa cinerascens.The structure of the new compound was determined by extensive analysis of its spectroscopic data and by comparison of its NMR data with those reported in the literature.Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against tumor cell line A549 with an IC_(50) value of 9.78μM.This is the first report of a trijugin-type limonoid bearing aγ-hydroxybutenolide unit,in comparison to the common furan unit as ring E.

A New Limonoid from the seed of Aphanamixis polystachya

A new limonoid named rohituka-15 1, with a known limonoid dregeana-1 2, was isolated from the seed of Aphanamixis polystachya (Meliaceae). The 13C NMR data assignment of dregeana-1 2 and the structural elucidation of the new compound 1 were based on spectral analysis including 1H-1H COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments.

Limonoid and Steroidal Saponin from Azadirachta indica

A new limonoid,17-(5-methoxy-2-oxofuran-3-yl)-28-deoxonimbolide(1),and a new C21 steroidal saponin,2a,4a-dihydroxy-pregn-5-en-16-one-3a-O-D-glucopyranoside(2),together with 11 known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Azadirachta indica.The structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis and putative biosynthetic origins.All the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against six bacterial strains.

<i>Seco</i>-limonoid 11<i>α</i>,19<i>β</i>-dihydroxy-7-acetoxy-7- deoxoichangin promotes the resolution of <i>Leishmania panamensis</i>infection

The high morbidity generated by the infection caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, make of this infection into one of the vector-borne infectious diseases most relevant worldwide, which added to the fact that the drugs used for its treatment are far from be optimal and considering that prophylactic approaches (such as the development of a vaccine) still seems far from being achieved, make of the search for new therapeutic alternatives for safe and effective treatment of this disease one of the most accurate approaches to the control of this disease. In this study we evaluated the antileishmanial and immunomodu- latory activity of the compound 11α,19β-dihydroxy- 7-acetoxy-7-deoxoichangin (a seco-limonid molecule) through: 1) evaluation of its cytotoxicity over promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of L. (V) panamensis, 2) determination of its ability to induce the control of in vitro infection, using infected murine cells (J774.2) and human dendritic cells (hDCs), 3) quantifying the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, (iv) evaluating the expression of cell markers associated with hDCs maturation, and (v) determinating the production of nitric oxide free radicals (NO). In this regard, this seco-limonoid exhibited an antileishmanial activity represented in the reduction of in vitro infection in J774.2 cells and hDCs, with a EC50 of 7.9 μM (4.48 μg/mL) and 25.5 μM (14.39 μg/mL), respectively, and additionally, we observed an increase on the production of IL-12p70, TNF-α and NO, as also, in the number of hDCs HLA-DR-positive in treated infected hDCs. These findings suggest that anti-lei- shmanial activity of this compound could be associated with the potential “reactivation” of phagocytic cell that is “paralyzed” by the infection, generating an immune phenotype associated with protection.

4种柑橘籽油脂肪酸组成及生物活性成分

以瓯柑籽、椪柑籽、香橙籽、胡柚籽为原材料,通过索氏提取法提取油脂,利用气相色谱和高效液相色谱分别对4种油脂样品的脂肪酸以及主要的柠檬苦素类化合物、类黄酮类化合物含量进行测定分析。结果表明,4种柑橘籽油的脂肪酸主要由油酸(19.7%~49.0%)、亚油酸(17.93%~45.93%)、棕榈酸(23.04%~27.73%)以及少量的亚麻酸(1.327%~5.103%)和硬脂酸(3.437%~4.797%)组成。生物活性成分柠檬苦素、诺米林、奥巴叩酮、橙皮苷、柚皮苷含量分别为24.79~753.75、266.57~915.62、61.95~496.08、15.61~17.57、27.84~30.01μg/g。柑橘籽油不仅脂肪酸比例合理,还含有较丰富的黄酮及柠檬苦素类化合物,作为植物油原料具有开发潜力。

白鲜皮化学成分、药理作用及毒性研究进展

白鲜皮是芸香科植物白鲜的根皮,是主要的入药部位,为“诸黄风痹之要药”,具有清热解毒、祛风燥湿、止痒的功效。白鲜皮中主要含有生物碱、倍半萜类、柠檬苦素、脂肪酸、挥发油、黄酮及甾体类等228个化学成分。其体内外药理活性包括抗菌活性、抗炎活性、护肝活性、保护心血管活性、杀虫活性、抗癌活性、抗过敏活性、改善胃肠活动等。有相关文献报道白鲜皮还具有潜在的肝毒性,其中白鲜碱、梣酮、柠檬苦素类化合物为潜在肝毒性成分。本文通过查阅国内外文献,从化学成分、药理作用及毒性方面对白鲜皮进行综述,以期为白鲜皮临床合理应用及相关产品开发提供理论依据。

柠檬苦素类化合物生物活性研究进展

柠檬苦素类化合物是一类高度氧化的四环三萜类次生代谢产物,主要存在于芸香科(Rutaceae)和楝科(Meliaceae)植物中,包括柠檬苦素、诺米林和黄柏酮等物质。本文对柠檬苦素类化合物的生理活性进行概述,总结其各类生物学活性及作用机制,为柠檬苦素进一步用于健康保护、食品开发和农业生产等提供参考。

柑桔果实柠檬苦素类化合物的研究与应用

柠檬苦素 (limonin)及其类似物属三萜类的物质 ,是植物次生代谢的产物 ,主要存在于多种芸香科和楝科植物中 ,柠檬苦素类化合物在抗癌、镇痛、调节体内胆固醇水平 ,防止动脉粥样化和除虫等方面的作用 ,越来越受到人们的重视 ,但有关研究在国内刚刚起步。柠檬苦素类物质在柑桔中的总含量及种类因品种、发育阶段等不同有较大差别。本文就柑桔果实中柠檬苦素类化合物的种类、结构、作用。

柑桔类果汁的脱苦技术

本文简要介绍了脱除柑桔类果汁苦味的一些技术,这些技术包括:代谢脱苦法、屏蔽脱苦法、吸附脱苦法、酶法脱苦、固定化细胞脱苦、超临界CO2脱苦、超临界CO2脱苦法、膜技术脱苦、基因工程脱苦。

柚果皮中生理活性成分研究进展

对柚果皮中黄酮类化合物、类柠檬苦素、天然色素及香精油的化学组成、分布。

比色法测印楝种仁提取物中柠檬苦素类物质的含量

印楝素(Azadirachtin,C35H44O16)以及相似的柠檬苦素类物质(AZRL,azadirachtinrelatedlimonoids)与加入了硫酸的香兰素甲醇溶液有显色反应。以此为基础,通过选择比色波长及优化香兰素浓度、硫酸加入量、反应时间几个因素,得到一种用比色法测定印楝种仁提取物中AZRL含量的方法。并测定了3种印楝种仁提取物中的AZRL含量。

白鲜皮的化学成分研究

目的:研究白鲜Dictamnus dasycarpus干燥根皮的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱、Sephadex LH-20等方法分离,应用波谱方法鉴定其结构。结果:从白鲜皮中分离得到12个化合物,分别为白鲜碱(dictamnine,Ⅰ),酮(fraxinellone,Ⅱ),茵芋碱(skimmianine,Ⅲ),γ-崖椒碱(-γfagarine,Ⅳ),β-谷甾醇(-βsitosterol,Ⅴ),黄柏酮(obacunone,Ⅵ),柠檬苦素地噢酚(limonin disophenol,Ⅶ),fraxinellonone(Ⅷ),汉黄芩素(wogonin,Ⅸ),如忒文(rutevin,Ⅹ),kihadinin B(Ⅺ),dasycarine(Ⅻ)。结论:化合物Ⅸ,Ⅺ为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅷ为首次从本植物中分离得到。