Discussion on the Operation of Urban Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities: A Case Study of Guangdong Province

Urban sewage treatment facility is an important ways to control polluted domestic water. The operation of urban sewage treatment facilities is good or not, and whether the effectiveness of pollutant emission reduction can be exerted play a significant role in reducing the pollution of living sources. Nowadays the operation of urban sewage treatment facilities is mainly evaluated by the load rate. However, due to the failure to fully implement the reformation of the rainwater and polluted water in Guangdong Province, the domestic sewage is mixed with rainwater during the rainy season and is included in the treatment of urban sewage treatment facilities. Therefore, it is not objective to evaluate the operation of sewage treatment facilities using only the load rate of sewage treatment. According to the situation of Guangdong Province, the load rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in domestic sewage and load rate of sewage treatment were included in the evaluation, and 20 urban sewage treatment facilities were selected as research objects. The operation situations and emission reduction benefits of urban sewage treatment facilities in different regions of Guangdong Province were roughly evaluated.

Traditional Nitrogen Removal Coupled with SND to Meet Advanced WWTP Standards at a Full Scale SBR Wastewater Treatment Facility

A Florida wastewater treatment facility studied how Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification (SND) coupled with traditional nitrogen removal would be used to meet the state’s current advanced wastewater treatment nutrient criterion. This study examined the effect of these combined processes on the fate and transport of the nitrogen species during the treatment process. The effectiveness of nitrogen removal within the full scale sequential batch reactor system (SBR) and the extent of SND compared to nitrification and denitrification in the nitrogen removal process was also evaluated. Finally, the overall performance of the municipal wastewater treatment facility utilizing these combined processes was evaluated. Overall, this application reduced the total nitrogen to almost 6% of the permitted concentration of 3.0 mg/L. The combination of both processes also resulted in an actual ?concentration 93.7% lower than the acceptable theoretical ?concentration, which also resulted in effluent Total Inorganic Nitrogen nearly 80% lower than the permitted 3.0 mg/L effluent concentration. Further, the process produced a composite Total Nitrogen concentration that was 74% lower than the permitted concentration. This coupling of SND with traditional nitrogen removal resulted in a highly effective process to reduce nitrogen in the municipal wastewater effluent which is also attractive for potential implementation due to the low cost expenditure incurred in its utilization.

The Phytodepuration of Wastewater for Tourism Facilities in Rural Areas: The Atlas Kasbah Ecolodge—A Pilot Site in the Argan Biosphere Reserve

In recent years, rural tourism has developed a lot and especially in the Souss Massa Draa region, in the South West of Morocco. The need to implement an eco-friendly sewage treatment has grown accordingly to resolve the wastewater issue. In this context, a pilot project of planted filters has been achieved in the Atlas Kasbah Ecolodge. During 3 years, the water purification performance and its compliance with the requirements of environmental management were assessed. The objective was to find an eco-friendly and affordable alternative to noncompliant ditches and sumps found in the rural areas of Morocco. The monitoring of physicochemical parameters of treated wastewater has revealed a perfect adaptation of the system to the needs of rural tourism facilities both in terms of efficiency and in terms of integration into the natural environment. Thus, such a technique could be spread in remote areas.

Participation in Mind-Body-Spirit Programs and Length of Stay in a Residential Addiction Treatment Facility: A Retrospective Analysis

Length of stay in treatment is thought to be the best predictors for long-term recovery from substance use disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in mind-body-spirit (MBS) therapeutic programs and length of stay in a residential treatment facility. A retrospective analysis of data from 1719 subjects who were admitted to a 30-day residential program for substance use disorders (SUD) was conducted. Subjects participated in MBS programs that included yoga, acupuncture and meditation. We examined the effects of subject participation in MBS programs for subjects who left against staff advice (ASA) and those who successfully completed the residential program. A higher percentage of subjects with severe heroin use disorder left ASA compared with subjects with severe alcohol use disorder (16% vs. 9%, respectively). Most subjects from both substance groups who failed to complete the 30-day treatment program, left within the first two weeks of stay (59% of alcohol group and 75% of heroin group);however, again, the percentage of heroin users leaving during the first two weeks was significantly greater compared with that of alcohol subjects. We found a highly significant, positive correlation (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) and a statistically significant increase in LOS for all subjects, regardless of the substance type, and the number of MBS program sessions attended showing an association between MBS participation and increased LOS. These data support the inclusion of MBS programs as part of a comprehensive treatment strategy for SUD in combination with traditional counseling to help develop a sustainable long-term recovery.

Vacuum Furnace - Integrated“Sub zero” Treatment

The vacuum heat treatment with overpressure gas quenching is more and more accepted due to considerable advantages compared to the traditional oil and salt bath processes. Continuous further developments and new concepts like multi-directional cooling systems, a separate quenching chamber and "sub zero" systems lead towards an oxidation free and low distortion vacuum heat treatment for a broad range of parts and materials. Short and energy saving processes guarantee a high economic efficiency and environmental compatibility. The "sub zero" system which is integrated into the standard vacuum furnace achieves a heat treatment result with a high conversion of retained austenite in fully automatic hardening and tempering processes.

Physical-biological Collaborative Prevention and Control of Facility Strawberry Continuous Cropping Diseases

The aim was to develop green strawberry varieties,control soil-borne diseases from facility strawberry continuous cropping,improve the safety and quality of strawberries and promote the healthy and stable development of the strawberry industry. Based on the production practices in recent years,we summarized the physical-biological collaborative prevention and control technology for the disease of facility strawberry continuous cropping facilities,established the technical goals,the main types of soil-borne diseases,and the physical-biological collaborative control prevention and control technologies,mainly including the specific methods and technical points of solar high temperature disinfection technology and biological bacterial fertilizer（ agent） treatment technology.

放射性石墨处理技术综述

放射性石墨是核电活动中存在的一种特殊废物,在处理和处置上具有一定的挑战性,焚烧技术由于其优异的减容能力得到了研究者的青睐。本文重点从石墨燃烧原理、放射性核素行为、燃烧工艺参数、设备等方面对焚烧处理技术进行了分析,并比较了不同的放射性石墨处理技术,分析了各技术优缺点,对将来处理放射性石墨具有参考指导意义。

青藏高原地区农村生活垃圾热处理污染物排放特性研究

为解决日益突出的农村地区生活垃圾问题,青藏高原地区建设了183座小型高温处理设施,但在高寒低压缺氧条件下这些设施的污染物排放面临着巨大的挑战.本研究选取7座3种设施类型的小型高温处理设施为研究对象,利用现场调研采样和实验室多线程污染物分析的方法,重点研究了小型设施烟气中污染物的排放水平和排放特性.结果表明:小型高温处理设施烟气中颗粒物、NO_(x)、SO_(2)、HCl、H_(2)S、HF和重金属污染物排放浓度分别为1.12~234.92、53.60~251.32、63.64~4777.78、1.95~86.27、0.01~3.91、0.09~10.40和1.71~7.36 mg/m^(3),普遍超过《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB 18485-2014)排放限值,相对于大型生活垃圾焚烧炉,其污染物控制能力较弱.二噁英氯化程度、PCDDs/PCDFs(二者浓度的比值)和同系物分布分析表明,小型气化焚烧炉和高温热解炉烟气中二噁英的合成机制主要为前驱体合成.研究显示,启炉和停炉对污染物排放影响较大,二噁英和SO_(2)超标(GB 18485-2014)最严重,分别可达536.00和477.70倍,远大于稳定运行时污染物的排放浓度.小型高温处理设施污染物超标的原因主要是未根据特殊高寒环境的特点对供风量等设施运行参数进行调整,后端烟气处理工艺水平较低,以及运维人员无法保障设施的正常操作和维护.加快克服小型处理设施烟气处理不达标、运行不稳定等技术瓶颈以及完善全过程配套管理政策将有利于降低污染物的排放浓度.

农村污水处理设施建设运行匹配度影响因素分析

农村污水治理是有力有效推进乡村全面振兴的意见的具体措施,也是改善农村人居环境和建设美丽宜居乡村的重要内容。随着我国城市污水处理能力持续提升,农村生活污水治理也分类梯次推进,但农村污水处理设施运行不畅制约农村污水治理成效,我国农村污水治理还存在工艺杂、分布散、运行效率底下等问题,部分农村污水处理设施建设运行与实际情况匹配度较低。因此,深入分析农村污水处理建设运行管理现状和存在的问题,提高农村污水处理设施建设运行匹配度,对解决我国农村污水处理面临的实际困难具有重要的意义。研究以华北某市农村污水处理设施为研究对象,基于当地水务主管部门以及统计年鉴中的基础数据,进行数据集合整编并结合实地调研情况和专家咨询会意见进行数据异常值处理,对区域内不同类型的厂站进行农村污水处理设施匹配度影响因素因素筛选与分析研究。结果表明,控制人口,厂站控制GDP以及设计污水处理能力是影响某地农村污水处理设施建设运行匹配度比较关键的因素。建议在农村污水处理设施运行维护及优化升级改造过程中,综合考虑关键因素,因地制宜、多角度决策,实现农村污水处理设施经济高效运行,更大发挥生态环境效益。

Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and their association with bacteria and viruses in decentralized sewage treatment facilities

The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)has been intensively studied in large-scale wastewater treatment plants and livestock sources.However,small-scale decentralized sewage treatment facilities must also be explored due to their possible direct exposure to residents.In this study,six wastewater treatment facilities in developed rural areas in eastern China were investigated to understand their risks of spreading ARGs.Using metagenomics and network analysis tools,ARGs and bacterial and viral communities were identified in the influent(INF)and effluent(EFF)samples.The dominant ARGs belonged to the bacitracin class,which are different from most of municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).The dominant hosts of ARGs are Acidovorax in bacterial communities and Prymnesiovirus in viral communities.Furthermore,a positive relationship was found between ARGs and phages.The ARGs significantly correlated with phages were all hosted by specific genera of bacteria,indicating that phages had contributed to the ARG’s proliferation in sewage treatment facilities.Paying significant concern on the possible enhanced risks caused by bacteria,viruses and their related ARGs in decentralized sewage treatment facilities is necessary.

三峡库区农村生活污水一体化处理设施效果评价

为科学评价水处理设施运行效果,从经济、技术、管理、环境4个角度建立了包含12个指标的一体化水处理设施运行效果评价指标体系,结合熵权法和层次分析法,确定指标的权重,并利用模糊综合评价模型对三峡库区农村移民安置区一体化污水处理设施运行效果开展综合评价。结果表明:从设施工艺角度评价,活性污泥法在经济方面优势明显,生物膜法在管理方面优势较大;从运维管理方角度评价,第三方运维单位在经济、技术、管理方面优势显著。运行成本、水质达标稳定性、单位投资这几个二级指标对运行效果评价的影响较大,建议一体化污水处理设施在设计和管理中对这些方面做出积极响应。研究成果可为三峡库区水污染治理和农村人居环境提升提供重要支撑。

郑州市新密市的农村污水治理及长效管理机制探索

当前农村污水处理存在的设施运行稳定性欠缺、运维管理水平良莠不齐、监督考核管理机制不健全等问题依然是制约农村污水治理水平提高的堵点和难点。郑州市新密市农村污水治理成果显著,已建成投运的农村污水处理设施达587座,主要采用A/O及其改良的处理工艺:首次提出一种新型“微动力”污水治理新路径,以应对农村污水的进水水质浓度高、水量季节性变化大带来的挑战,其氨氮、COD等污染物的去除率可达到85%以上;采用投、建、运一体的精细化运维管理模式,分区建档立卡,并积极推进智慧化平台建设。然而,顶层设计与基层实践的衔接精准度、运维管理体系以及资金来源有待进一步优化,文章对高标准、高质量地建立农村污水治理的长效管理机制进行了有益探索,以期为今后农村污水治理水平提质增效提供一定的借鉴参考。

超临界水处理放射性废树脂系统屏蔽计算分析

核燃料循环利用、反应堆冷却水处理、乏燃料水池净化等核设施运行过程中会产生放射性废树脂。处理放射性废树脂必须考虑系统辐射防护,采用有效的屏蔽措施保护公众及环境安全。根据屏蔽材料的种类和位置,设计三种不同的屏蔽组合方式,计算分析每种方式的屏蔽效果及适用场景,为工程应用提供相关参考。同时,利用SuperMC辐射屏蔽计算软件,以超临界水氧化处理设施为研究对象,计算分析反应容器、树脂研磨装置、废树脂中转罐、增压泵等废树脂流经设备表面剂量率。计算结果表明,无屏蔽时相关设备表面剂量率为22.13~48.64μSv/h,利用铅屏蔽层对表面剂量率较高的设备进行屏蔽防护,屏蔽后满足控制区5μSv/h以下剂量率限值要求。

偏远农村地区小型生活垃圾热处理设施炉渣重金属特性分析

对中国偏远农村地区正在运行的不同工艺类型的小型热处理设施炉渣的理化特征及重金属污染特性进行了评估,研究发现生活垃圾小型热处理设施底渣的热灼减率均在5%以下,相较于采用热解技术的热处理设施底渣,采用焚烧工艺的热处理设施底渣的热灼减率更低,达到0.70%,生活垃圾减容程度更高。主要晶体成分包括方解石、石英等。底渣和飞灰中的部分重金属含量高于《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618—2018)中pH为5.5~6.5下的风险筛选值,未经妥善处理直接进入土壤环境可能会引起重金属污染问题。此外,底渣中的As、Se、Ba、Cu、Cr、Zn具有一定的生物有效性,而相比于底渣,飞灰中的重金属有效态所占比例较高,重金属生物有效性更高,对环境造成污染的潜在风险更大。

我国一体化污水处理设施相关专利技术分析及展望

近年来,随着环保产业的蓬勃发展,一体化污水处理设施作为环保技术的重要创新成果,得到了广泛应用与快速推广。文章基于专利视角,通过统计一体化污水处理设施2023年之前公开的专利,针对专利数量、状态、转化、主体分布等进行分析;梳理总结授权发明专利的技术类型;展望了一体化污水处理设施相关专利的前沿技术;并对相关从业主体如何利用现有技术和专利布局、提高专利授权率提出了建议。

融入人居生态环境的城市基础设施——宜兴城市污水资源概念厂

本文从可持续设计的五个切入点:水质永续、环境友好、资源循环、能量自给、公众参与,阐述了整体思维下的可持续建筑景观一体化设计,让环境基础设施全方位的融入人居生态环境,成为未来可以全面推广的示范样本。

平面钢闸门渗漏原因与处理措施分析

作为一种水力机械设备,平面钢闸门是水工构筑物中活动的挡水结构,用以关闭、开启过水孔口,其密封性和稳定性直接关系水利设施的安全运行。然而,在实际运行过程中,由于设计、机械加工和施工等,平面钢闸门会出现密闭不严、渗漏水现象,严重影响水工构筑物正常运行。以龙阳湖调蓄池平面钢闸门为例,分析平面钢闸门渗漏水的主要原因,提出处理措施,并探讨方案实施的有效性和可行性,从而减少渗漏水现象,确保水工构筑物安全运行。

矿井通风设施常见故障分析与处理措施研究

深入探讨了矿井通风设施的常见故障与处理措施,旨在提升矿业生产效率和确保工人安全。通过调研,明确了通风系统在矿业中的关键性,详细分析了机械故障、电气故障等常见故障的根本原因,并提出了有效的处理措施。处理通风设施故障对于提高矿业安全性和效益都十分紧迫,未来研究方向包括通风系统的优化和新技术的应用,为矿业决策者和从业人员提供有益的指导。

基于机器学习和车辆路径问题模型的园林绿化垃圾空间分布预测与处理设施选址研究——以武汉市为例

园林绿化垃圾资源化循环利用的基础是处理设施体系建设。以武汉市中心城区为例,分别对园林绿化垃圾空间分布与处理设施选址进行研究。针对前者,基于高清卫片、街景影像、行道树空间点位等大数据,利用机器学习中的分类(卷积神经网络)、聚类(K均值聚类)和回归预测(多项式回归、随机森林)等模型,实现对现状及规划地区的日常和峰值园林绿化垃圾产生量的合理测算;针对后者,采用车辆路径问题类算法中的自适应大邻域搜索算法,带入距离最近、运输周转量最少、有限时间窗口和有限设施容量等限定条件,对组团收集点、就近消纳站、综合处理厂和集中转运站4类设施及有关线路进行智能选址。根据结果,预测研究区域内日常园林绿化垃圾产生量为32.71万t/年,峰值产生量为7万t,与同等级城市情况类似。建议布局200处组团收集点、50个就近消纳站、4处综合处理厂和14个集中转运站,以提升园林绿化垃圾收集清运效率,实现区域“产-收”平衡。

大型暂存市政污泥临时处理设施的建设实践

早期国内许多城市往往会利用闲置土地或垃圾填埋场进行污泥应急填埋,以暂时解决污水处理厂脱水污泥的去向问题。由于土地资源紧缺和环境政策的日益严格,不满足环保要求的高龄污泥填埋场的再开挖和填埋场地腾出成为急需解决的问题。暂存市政污泥再处理临时设施设计、施工与常规市政污泥相比存在较大的差异,主要体现在使用周期短、体量大、污泥性质复杂、污泥液处理难等方面。项目建设既要满足高周转利用、泥性适应广的要求,又要实现泥、水、气同步处理达标。污泥采用了“稀释+绞吸+除渣+污泥调理+低温真空脱水干化”异位处理工艺,脱水滤液采用了“预处理+生物池/AO/MBR/NF/RO”处理工艺,在某大型暂存市政污泥再处理工程中得到了成功的应用和实践,对今后类似工程的建设具有一定的指导意义。