A two-parameter multiple shooting method and its application to the natural vibrations of non-prismatic multi-segment beams

This paper presents an enhanced version of the standard shooting method that enables problems with two unknown parameters to be solved.A novel approach is applied to the analysis of the natural vibrations of Euler-Bernoulli beams.The proposed algorithm,named as two-parameter multiple shooting method,is a new powerful numerical tool for calculating the natural frequencies and modes of multi-segment prismatic and non-prismatic beams with different boundary conditions.The impact of the axial force and additional point masses is also taken into account.Due to the fact that the method is based directly on the fourth-order ordinary differential equation,the structures do not have to be divided into many small elements to obtain an accurate enough solution,even though the geometry is very complex.To verify the proposed method,three different examples are considered,i.e.,a three-segment non-prismatic beam,a prismatic column subject to non-uniformly distributed compressive loads,and a two-segment beam with an additional point mass.Numerical analyses are carried out with the software MATHEMATICA.The results are compared with the solutions computed by the commercial finite element program SOFiSTiK.Good agreement is achieved,which confirms the correctness and high effectiveness of the formulated algorithm.

Numerical investigation of the effects of soil-structure and granular material-structure interaction on the seismic response of a flat-bottom reinforced concrete silo

In this work,a numerical study of the effects of soil-structure interaction(SSI)and granular material-structure interaction(GSI)on the nonlinear response and seismic capacity of flat-bottomed storage silos is conducted.A series of incremental dynamic analyses(IDA)are performed on a case of large reinforced concrete silo using 10 seismic recordings.The IDA results are given by two average IDA capacity curves,which are represented,as well as the seismic capacity of the studied structure,with and without a consideration of the SSI while accounting for the effect of GSI.These curves are used to quantify and evaluate the damage of the studied silo by utilizing two damage indices,one based on dissipated energy and the other on displacement and dissipated energy.The cumulative energy dissipation curves obtained by the average IDA capacity curves with and without SSI are presented as a function of the base shear,and these curves allow one to obtain the two critical points and the different limit states of the structure.It is observed that the SSI and GSI significantly influence the seismic response and capacity of the studied structure,particularly at higher levels of PGA.Moreover,the effect of the SSI reduces the damage index of the studied structure by 4%.

“圆筒社会”的哲学启示——评美剧SILO

美剧SILO讲述了未来末日中生活在圆筒世界中的人们,试图离开筒仓追寻自由,一步步发现筒仓秘密,揭开一切真相的过程。本文结合阿尔都塞的意识形态和意识形态国家机器理论、居伊德波的《景观社会》中的观点及马克思·韦伯的“现代性铁笼”的思想,结合西方近现代电影中的“反乌托邦”主题试图分析本剧的深层结构,分析电影的意识形态内核及其背后想要表达的核心观点。

Large deflections of non-prismatic nonlinearly elastic cantilever beams subjected to non-uniform continuous load and a concentrated load at the free end

This work studies large deflections of slen- der, non-prismatic cantilever beams subjected to a combined loading which consists of a non-uniformly distributed con- tinuous load and a concentrated load at the free end of the beam. The material of the cantilever is assumed to be non- linearly elastic. Different nonlinear relations between stress and strain in tensile and compressive domain are considered. The accuracy of numerical solutions is evaluated by com- paring them with results from previous studies and with a laboratory experiment.

Serviceability Analysis of Non-Prismatic Timber Beams: Derivation and Validation of New and Effective Straightforward Formulas

This paper provides innovative and effective instruments for the simplified analysis of serviceability limit states for pitched, kinked, and tapered GLT beams. Specifically, formulas for the evaluation of maximal horizontal and vertical displacements are derived from a recently-proposed Timoshenko-like non-prismatic beam model. Thereafter, the paper compares the proposed serviceability analysis formulas with other ones available in literature and with highly-refined 2D FE simulations in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed instruments. The proposed formulas lead to estimations that lie mainly on the conservative side and the errors are smaller than 10% (exceptionally up to 15%) in almost all of the cases of interest for practitioners. Conversely, the accuracy of the proposed formulas decreases for thick and highly-tapered beams since the beam model behind the proposed formulas cannot tackle local effects (like stress concentrations occurring at bearing and beam apex) that significantly influence the beam behavior for such geometries. Finally, the proposed formulas are more accurate than the ones available in literature since the latter ones often provide non-conservative estimations and errors greater than 20% (up to 120%).

Comparative Analysis of PM10 Emission Rates from Controlled and Uncontrolled Cement Silos in Concrete Batching Facilities

This research study quantifies the PM10 emission rates (g/s) from cement silos in 25 concrete batching facilities for both controlled and uncontrolled scenarios by applying the USEPA AP-42 guidelines step-by-step approach. The study focuses on evaluating the potential environmental impact of cement dust fugitive emissions from 176 cement silos located in 25 concrete batching facilities in the M35 Mussafah industrial area of Abu Dhabi, UAE. Emission factors are crucial for quantifying the PM10 emission rates (g/s) that support developing source-specific emission estimates for areawide inventories to identify major sources of pollution that provide screening sources for compliance monitoring and air dispersion modeling. This requires data to be collected involves information on production, raw material usage, energy consumption, and process-related details, this was obtained using various methods, including field visits, surveys, and interviews with facility representatives to calculate emission rates accurately. Statistical analysis was conducted on cement consumption and emission rates for controlled and uncontrolled sources of the targeted facilities. The data shows that the average cement consumption among the facilities is approximately 88,160 (MT/yr), with a wide range of variation depending on the facility size and production rate. The emission rates from controlled sources have an average of 4.752E-04 (g/s), while the rates from uncontrolled sources average 0.6716 (g/s). The analysis shows a significant statistical relationship (p < 0.05) and perfect positive correlation (r = 1) between cement consumption and emission rates, indicating that as cement consumption increases, emission rates tend to increase as well. Furthermore, comparing the emission rates from controlled and uncontrolled scenarios. The data showed a significant difference between the two scenarios, highlighting the effectiveness of control measures in reducing PM10 emissions. The study’s findings provide insights into the impact of cement silo emissions on air quality and the importance of implementing control measures in concrete batching facilities. The comparative analysis contributes to understanding emission sources and supports the development of pollution control strategies in the Ready-Mix industry.

跨机构联邦学习的激励机制综述

联邦学习作为一种分布式机器学习,有效地解决了大数据时代的数据共享难题。其中,跨机构联邦学习是机构之间互相合作的一种联邦学习类型。如何在跨机构合作的过程中设计合理的激励机制十分重要。文中从跨机构合作的角度,对现有的跨机构联邦学习的激励机制研究进行了综述。首先介绍跨机构合作过程中的3个基本问题,即高隐私性、数据异质性、公平性,然后分析了以全局模型为中心和以参与者为中心这两种不同的跨机构合作模式下的激励机制设计方法,最后总结了影响跨机构合作稳定发展的几个影响因素,即参与者的数据演变、参与者合作关系变动和参与者的负面行为,并展望了跨机构联邦合作的未来方向。

储粮仓仓壁动态侧压力的树模型预测方法

针对储粮仓卸料时仓壁动态侧压力难以准确预测的问题,利用机器学习方法中的树模型建立了仓壁动态侧压力预测模型。首先,分析了仓壁动态侧压力的主要影响因素为筒仓的结构尺寸、贮料的物理参数及测点位置。利用收集的496组仓壁动态侧压力数据,构建机器学习预测模型的数据集。然后,基于树模型,建立了仓壁动态侧压力的决策树(decision tree,DT)预测模型,在此基础上,利用Bagging算法和Boosting算法,建立了仓壁动态侧压力的随机森林(random forest,RF)预测模型和梯度提升树(gradient boosting decision tree,GBDT)预测模型。通过对比3种预测模型在测试集的均方误差(mean-square error,MSE)、决定系数和相对误差,表明GBDT预测模型的泛化性能最优。最后,通过开展模型试验和数值模拟,对GBDT预测模型进行验证,结果表明拟合良好。同时,根据树模型的分枝原理,判断出仓壁动态侧压力影响因素的重要性,得到对于贮料的物理参数,密度的重要性排第一;对于筒仓的结构尺寸,卸料口尺寸排第一。因此,在进行储粮仓设计时,建议优先考虑仓内散体物料的密度和仓的卸料口尺寸。

装配式浅圆仓折板仓顶结构受力性能数值模拟分析

为解决传统装配式浅圆仓仓顶结构模具成本高、存储运输不便等问题,提出了一种装配式浅圆仓折板仓顶结构。采用分层壳单元数值模拟方法,深入研究该结构在竖向均布荷载下的结构变形与板缝传力性能。与现有单曲率仓顶结构进行对比,分析不同倾角对折板仓顶结构受力性能的影响,确定倾角为25°时结构的承载性能最优。研究结果表明,装配式浅圆仓折板仓顶结构满足承载力规范要求,板缝连接设计有效实现了内力传递,展现出良好的受力性能。此外,该结构还具有建造效率高、成本低等优势,为装配式浅圆仓的设计与应用提供了新思路,具有广泛的推广前景。

地下仓粮堆局部发热温度场数值模拟研究

为了解地下仓粮堆局部发热对粮堆温度场变化的影响,以高水分玉米为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法,通过在地下仓粮堆内加入内置热源模拟粮堆局部发热,研究了地下仓粮堆在内置热源数量与表面温度不同情况下的粮堆内部温度场变化。结果表明:当地下仓粮堆中心测点发热时,热源周围相同半径内上方温度明显高于下方,在粮堆上部容易产生次热源;当地下仓粮堆右侧临近仓壁和装粮线处以及装粮线中心处同时发热时,粮堆左下部容易产生次热源;当地下仓粮堆右侧临近仓壁和装粮线处、左侧紧贴仓壁和装粮线处以及装粮线中心处同时发热时,粮堆下部容易产生次热源,并且热源温度为45℃时的粮堆内部温度明显高于热源温度为35℃时的粮堆内部温度。

不同储粮工况下柱承式立筒仓结构动力特性

柱承式立筒仓广泛应用于国家粮食储备,不同储粮工况对其结构动力特性影响显著。为揭示粮食散体对柱承式立筒仓动力特性的影响规律,结合某实际柱承式立筒仓设计制作了缩尺比例为1/25的有机玻璃筒仓模型,在空仓、半仓、3/4仓和满仓4种储粮状态下,进行了振动台模态试验、有限元数值分析和自振频率理论计算。结果表明:不同储粮工况对柱承式立筒仓试验模型的固有频率影响显著,随储粮状态变化,固有频率减小幅度较大,应在结构设计中加以考虑;空仓状态下阻尼比最小,满仓状态比空仓增大42.65%,仓内原有储粮越多,阻尼比增值越大,减震耗能效果越明显;有限元模型一阶固有频率与试验值平均误差为5.1%,所建有限元模型较为合理,为结构动力响应分析及结构设计提供一种合理的数值模拟方法;简化的三质点串联多自由度的弹性动力模型较为准确计算柱承式立筒仓在4种储粮工况下的固有频率,试验值与理论值平均误差为5.6%。研究结果可为柱承式立筒仓结构动力特性计算提供参考,为其抗震性能设计提供理论基础和试验依据。

装配式钢板-混凝土地下粮仓螺栓-焊缝节点受弯承载力分析

装配式钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓具有节约土地、节能减碳、绿色环保、密闭低温等优点,但是连接节点的结构形式和力学性能仍是制约其发展及推广应用的关键难题之一。为解决节点焊缝过多、施焊难度大等问题,该研究提出一种新型装配式钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓螺栓-焊缝竖向节点,采用螺栓代替部分焊缝,减少焊缝长度、方便构件施工。依据规范要求及实际工程情况,设计了2种不同螺栓数量(单侧三螺栓连接和单侧五螺栓连接)的螺栓-焊缝竖向节点试件,利用四点弯曲试验与有限元数值分析,研究其破坏形态和受弯承载力性能。结果表明:三螺栓试件与五螺栓试件承载力的试验值分别为1998、2053 kN,两试件承载力基本相同;相较于五螺栓试件,三螺栓试件在破坏后具有更好的延性。在参数取值范围内,混凝土强度、内防水钢板厚度、外防水钢板厚度和内衬钢板厚度对峰值荷载回归得到的标准化系数(Beta)分别为0.993、-0.003、-0.012、0.056,表明增加混凝土强度可有效提高试件承载能力。研究成果可为装配式钢板-混凝土地下粮仓节点的设计提供科学参考和设计依据。

上下双层浅圆仓中心卸料的动态效应分析

上下双层浅圆仓作为一种新型粮食储藏结构,既可以保证储粮品质,又具有节约用地、节能减碳、机械化程度高等优势。采用离散元与有限元结合的方法,构建了上下双层浅圆仓中心卸料过程粮食颗粒与仓壁之间动态响应的数值分析模型,利用实验与缩尺模型相结合的方法验证了缩尺方法的有效性;分别将缩尺模型数值分析与理论计算结果进行对比,验证了数值方法的可行性;进而对上下双层浅圆仓中心卸料过程粮食-仓体的相互作用进行了分析。结果表明:中心卸料过程中上下层均出现了侧压力突增和震荡的现象,且在越接近每层仓壁中间位置处,超压系数越大;粮食-仓体共同作用后上下层仓壁的应力均在距离仓壁底部1/4处达到最大。本文可为上下双层浅圆仓的结构设计提供技术支持,有利于其推广应用,具有重要的工程应用价值。

双层浅圆仓不同入风温度的粮堆温度场分析

建立半地下双层浅圆仓的数值模型,并对机械通风不同入风温度的粮堆温度场进行数值分析,研究在机械通风过程中半地下双层浅圆仓粮堆温度场的变化规律。结果表明:当吨粮通风量为8 m^(3)/h时,平均降温速度随入风温度降低而加快,整体粮堆的平均温度从初始30℃下降至20℃。当入风温度分别为17、15、13、11℃时,地上层通风时间分别需173、148、121、111 h,地下层通风时间分别需237、196、168、142 h。当通风稳定后,地上层粮堆平均温度分别为17.02、15.01、13.14、11.14℃,地下层粮堆平均温度分别为17.51、15.83、14.04、11.25℃,均趋近于入风温度,表明机械通风可有效降低粮堆温度,保证粮食安全。

上覆堆载作用下砂性地层埋入式筒仓浮力分析

河南是国家粮食三大主产区之一,实现粮食大规模的绿色储粮利国利民,地下/半地下粮仓具有储量大、低温等优点是绿色储粮的理想仓型之一,但地下大体积结构抗浮设计问题突出。以入地式筒仓为研究对象,考虑仓周上覆堆载开展模型试验和理论研究,理论反演分析筒仓上浮时的临界状态对应的浮力折减系数。研究表明:随着筒仓周边施加的均布荷载不断增加,仓壁受土体侧摩阻力也逐渐增加,抑制仓体上浮;浮力在土体中存在着一定的折减。在饱和粗砂土质中,浮力折减系数估算为0.945;增加上覆荷载可以提升筒体埋深的设计潜力,为低温、绿色储粮提供更大可能。

盾构预拌砂浆运输中离析程度分析及优化

由于盾构预拌砂浆在使用移动筒仓运输的过程中容易产生离析,因此,对已在实际生产中使用的盾构预拌砂浆在不同条件下的离析程度进行研究。在竖直振动模拟条件下,结合颗粒物质理论,以4种不同粒径的颗粒为材料,研究振动时长、砂粒径和分隔空间百分比等3种不同因素对离析程度的影响,用粗料含量变化来表征离析发生的规律,结果表明:振动时间超过60s时,离析程度显示为无明显变化的平缓曲线;粗颗粒粒径越大,分隔空间越大,离析程度越大。使用Design-expert11对试验结果进行综合分析,结果表明:各因素对盾构预拌砂浆离析指数的影响由大到小依次为振动时长、分隔空间百分比、砂粒径;当振动时长为180 s,砂粒径为0.3mm,分隔空间为25%时,离析程度最小,即为最佳方案。

粮仓引风机结构参数不确定性分析与优化

粮仓引风机的工作性能影响了粮食储存环境的质量,直接关系到粮食的安全与保存效果。为此,提出一套结构参数优化策略,通过精确改进粮仓引风机的结构参数,以提升其工作性能。通过模态分析和子结构分隔,针对关键子结构建立了基于参数区间表征的简化不确定性优化模型,并应用随机有限元分析与相关性分析识别影响固有频率的关键参数。通过响应面分析,实现了参数的精细调整,优化目标是最大化关键固有频率与工作频率之间的差距,避免新的共振点产生。在实测条件下,优化后的引风机展现了更低的振动水平,显著提高了设备的运行稳定性和使用寿命,证明了优化策略的有效性和经济效益,为提升机械设备性能提供了新思路。

某骨料筒仓库顶压型钢板混凝土组合楼板及钢框架结构振动测试分析

筒仓构筑物广泛应用于工业储运及生产中,在骨料库顶板入料口设置筛分钢框架固定振动筛设备以筛分骨料,在振动筛运行过程中库顶板及安装振动筛的钢框架易产生结构振动。为确保运营安全,该文以某骨料筒仓库顶压型钢板混凝土组合楼板及钢框架为例,对该骨料库顶板在不同工况下进行振动测试,并分析其振动对楼板结构安全性影响,为后期结构减振控制及加固处理提供参考。

基于IDA方法的柱承式筒仓结构地震易损性分析

易损性分析是柱承式筒仓结构开展基于性能设计研究的重要基础。为此,选用某钢筋混凝土柱承式筒仓为研究对象,通过有限元软件ABAQUS,分别采用混凝土损伤塑性模型和理想弹塑性模型(Dracker-Prager)模拟筒仓结构及仓内粮食颗粒,建立考虑粮食-仓体相互作用的柱承式筒仓非线性有限元模型。根据增量动力分析法(IDA),按照谱相容性原则选取10条地震动记录,分别以最大层间位移角和地面峰值加速度作为筒仓结构工程需求参数和地震动强度参数,进行空仓、半仓、满仓三种储粮工况的柱承式筒仓结构地震易损性分析以及地震损伤风险评估。结果表明:(1)三种储粮工况下柱承式筒仓结构最大层间位移角均发生在柱顶位置,支承柱进入塑性状态的层间位移角分别为0.015、0.013、0.011 rad;(2)储粮质量大小是决定柱承式筒仓结构损伤刚度退化的重要因素;(3)三种储粮工况下的柱承式筒仓结构均满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标;(4)满仓工况筒仓50年超越倒塌极限状态的概率为0.45%,小于FEMA P750中定义的50年倒塌风险的限值1%。研究成果可为筒仓结构基于性能的设计研究及抗震性能评估提供依据。

半地下双层浅圆仓静态储粮温度场的数值分析

粮食温度是影响储粮安全的最重要因素之一,为揭示半地下双层浅圆仓的储粮温度场分布规律,本文建立了地上浅圆仓和地下仓的粮堆数学分析模型,并通过现场实验结果验证了模型的有效性。以此为基础建立了半地下双层浅圆仓数值模型,分析低温入粮后静态储藏1年期间的粮堆温度场变化规律。结果表明:半地下双层浅圆仓地上层靠近仓壁2 m内的粮温受外界气温影响变化明显,温度范围在10.62~27.37℃,地下层粮温常年处在准低温状态,平均温度不超过地下恒温区温度17℃;入冬时地上层粮堆在距仓壁1~3 m之间会短期形成一个热量聚集区,导致近仓壁处粮堆温差较大,随后外围区温度缓慢降低,形成“热心冷皮”;仓壁的保温隔热措施可有效减小气温对粮温的影响,地上层夏季最高粮温较未做保温的地上浅圆仓低3.86℃左右。研究结果可为半地下双层浅圆仓的推广应用提供技术支持。