Objective This study aimed to determine whether the day of blastocyst expansion affects pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer(FBT)cycles.Methods A retrospective match-cohort study was conducted.Patie...Objective This study aimed to determine whether the day of blastocyst expansion affects pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer(FBT)cycles.Methods A retrospective match-cohort study was conducted.Patients who underwent blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles at day 5 or 6 were matched for potential confounding factors.A total of 2207 matched pairs of FBT cycles were included from January 2016 to December 2019 in our Reproductive Medicine Center.Results The clinical pregnancy rate(CPR)and live birth rate(LBR)were significantly increased in day 5 blastocyst transfers when compared to day 6 blastocyst transfers,in terms of the same embryo quality.For FBT cycles with good-quality embryo,the CPR at day 5 and 6 was 61.30%and 57.56%,respectively(P=0.045),and the LBR was 44.79%and 36.16%,respectively(P<0.001).For FBT cycles with poor-quality embryo,the CPR at day 5 and 6 was 48.61%and 40.89%,respectively(P=0.006),and the LBR was 31.71%and 25.74%,respectively(P=0.019).The CPR for FBT cycles with good-quality embryo was statistically higher at day 6 than that at day 5 with poor-quality embryo transferred(57.56%vs.48.61%,P=0.001).Maternal age,anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),endometrial thickness,embryo quality,and the day of blastocyst expansion were independently correlated with the CPR and LBR.The FBT cycles at day 5 had significantly higher CPR(adjusted odds ratio[OR]=1.246,95%confidence intervals[CI]:1.097–1.415,P=0.001)and LBR(adjusted OR=1.435,95%CI:1.258–1.637,P<0.001)than those at day 6.Conclusion The embryo quality is the primary indicator for FBT cycles.Day 5 blastocysts should be preferred when the quality of embryo at day 5 is the same as that at day 6.展开更多
As the main body of promoting the development of medical science and technology, medical students play an extremely important role in promoting the construction of new medical science. New medicine is a new concept ba...As the main body of promoting the development of medical science and technology, medical students play an extremely important role in promoting the construction of new medical science. New medicine is a new concept based on the development of traditional medicine, breaking the discipline barrier, aiming to cultivate composite talents, taking reality as the orientation, and combining with the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence. Cultivating medical students’ innovation and entrepreneurship literacy is not only the internal need of the construction of innovative medical talents in new medical sciences, but also the development need of promoting the optimization of medical disciplines and effectively promoting the construction of an innovative country. As the main place for training medical talents, medical colleges and universities should integrate classroom ideology and politics with the new medical background to improve medical students’ professional knowledge, professional ethics, humanistic quality and scientific and technological quality, promote the cultivation of medical students’ innovative spirit, and further innovate medical theories, technologies and concepts. It lays a solid foundation for cultivating top medical talents with both innovative thinking and cultural self-confidence and building an innovative country.展开更多
With the more and more frequent of international communications, diplomatic work has come to a totally new age.The diplomatic interpreters must meet higher requirments and challenges. Hence what qualities they should ...With the more and more frequent of international communications, diplomatic work has come to a totally new age.The diplomatic interpreters must meet higher requirments and challenges. Hence what qualities they should have becomes an important problem.this thesis focus on four aspects to deal with it.展开更多
Cooking and nutrition qualities of grain are two of the most important aspects of rice quality. To understand the difference in cooking and nutrition qualities among the grains at different positions within a rice pan...Cooking and nutrition qualities of grain are two of the most important aspects of rice quality. To understand the difference in cooking and nutrition qualities among the grains at different positions within a rice panicle, the distributions of gel consistency (GC), amylose content (AC) and crude protein content (CPC) of grains in a panicle in association with different nitrogen levels (0, 120 and 240 k c/ha) were investigated by using two rice varieties, Yangdao 6 (indica) and Wuyujing 3 (japonica). In general, the grains at the basal part of a panicle had lower GC and higher AC than those at the upper or middle part of a panicle. The 1^st grain on the secondary branch with earlier flowering exhibited the highest GC, whereas the 2nd grain on the primary branch with later flowering showed the highest AC. For Yangdao 6, CPC in the grains on the primary branches was lower at the middle part of a panicle than at the upper or basal part of a panicle. For Wuyujing 3, there were no significant differences in CPCs in the grains among the upper, middle and basal parts of a panicle. GC in the grains was increased, whereas AC was reduced from zero nitrogen application (ON) to low amount of nitrogen application (LN), and the result was reversed from LN to medium amount of nitrogen application (MN). CPC was increased with the increase in the amount of nitrogen application.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chalkiness on cooking, eating and nutrition qualities of rice using Gangyou 527 (indica hybrid rice) and Zhaiyeqing 8 (conventional indica rice) as materia...An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chalkiness on cooking, eating and nutrition qualities of rice using Gangyou 527 (indica hybrid rice) and Zhaiyeqing 8 (conventional indica rice) as materials. Compared with the milled rice without chalkiness, amylose content, final viscosity, setback and consistence increased significantly, while gel consistence, peak viscosity and breakdown decreased remarkably and other RVA values did not have significant changes in the chalky rice of Gangyou 527. The differences in the above indices between the chalky and non-chalky rice was not remarkable in Zhaiyeqing 8. The crude protein content of chalky rice in Zhaiyeqing 8 was significantly lower than that of non-chalky rice, but there was no remarkable change between the chalky and non-chalky rice in Gangyou 527. Glutelin content fell significantly, and albumin, globulin, prolamine and lysine contents did not change significantly in chalky rice compared with non-chalky rice in the two varieties.展开更多
Texture qualities of cooked rice are comprised of many indexes with the complex relationship, so it is difficult to analyze and evaluate cooked rice. In this paper, the related indexes of texture properties were conve...Texture qualities of cooked rice are comprised of many indexes with the complex relationship, so it is difficult to analyze and evaluate cooked rice. In this paper, the related indexes of texture properties were conversed into the independent indexes of principal component based on the principal component analysis method. The results showed that the rice kernel types influenced the meanings of principal components indexes. For long and short rice, the first principal component was comprehensive index. But the second principal component was springiness for the short rice, while it was adhesiveness for long rice. Therefore, the first principal component can be used to express the quality of cooked rice with a few of indexes, and the rice type can be recognized according to the second principal component.展开更多
Correlation among physicochemical properties, which include amylose content, alkali spreading values, gel consistency, water absorption, expansion rate, solid content of rice-water, protein content and fat content, an...Correlation among physicochemical properties, which include amylose content, alkali spreading values, gel consistency, water absorption, expansion rate, solid content of rice-water, protein content and fat content, and eating qualities of six kinds of rice samples planted in Heilongjiang Province were studied. Correlation analysis showed that amylose content, water absorption and expansion rate were negatively correlated with eating qualities, yet gel consistency, alkali spreading values, solid content of rice-water and fat content were positively correlated with eating qualities. Among them, eating quality had an obvious correlation with amylose content and gel consistency, but no significant correlation with protein content. The regression equation, which described the relationship of the eating quality scores and physicochemical indexes, was Y=94.439–12.711X1–23.721X2–0.701X3+0.570X4+186.938X5(X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 represented amylose content, water absorption, expansion rate gel, consistency and fat content). The single factor analysis of variance showed that six kinds of rice existed significant differences in quality category.展开更多
The Sugan Lake Basin is located in the inland arid region of northwestern China,in which groundwater is of great significance to human and ecology.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the chemical characteristics a...The Sugan Lake Basin is located in the inland arid region of northwestern China,in which groundwater is of great significance to human and ecology.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the chemical characteristics and quality of groundwater in the basin.Based on samples collected from 35 groundwater wells in Sugan Lake Basin,the spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater chemistry,main hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater quality have been discussed in this paper by using the multivariate statistics and hydrochemistry analysis methods.The results showed that the groundwater is weakly alkaline,and its total dissolved solid(TDS)and total hardness(TH) are high,with the average values of 1244.03 mg/L and 492.10 mg/L,respectively.The types of groundwater are mainly HCO_3^--SO_4^(2-)-Ca^(2+)type in the runoff area and Cl^--SO_4^(2-)-Na^+type in the catchment area.Rock weathering and ion exchange are the main controlling factors of regional groundwater chemistry,followed by evaporative crystallization,and human activities have less impact on groundwater.The spatial difference of groundwater quality is obvious,the water quality of the catchment area is not suitable for drinking,and the suitability for plant growth is also poor.The groundwater in the runoff area can be used for drinking,but the hardness is slightly higher,which is more suitable for ecological purpose.展开更多
The effects of different timing of N fertilizer application at the same rate on grain β-amylase activity, protein con- centration, weight and malt quality of barley were studied. Grain β-amylase activity and protein...The effects of different timing of N fertilizer application at the same rate on grain β-amylase activity, protein con- centration, weight and malt quality of barley were studied. Grain β-amylase activity and protein concentration were significantly higher in treatments where all top-dressed N fertilizer was applied at booting stage only or equally applied at two-leaf stage and booting stage than in the treatment where all top-dressed N fertilizer was applied at two-leaf age stage only. On the other hand, grain weight and malt extract decreased with increased N application at booting stage. There were obvious differences between barley varieties and experimental years in the grain and malt quality response to the timing of N fertilizer application. It was found that grain protein concentration was significantly and positively correlated with β-amylase activity, but significantly and nega- tively correlated with malt extract and Kolbach index. The effect of grain protein concentration on malt quality was predominant over the effect of grain β-amylase activity.展开更多
Inferior and unstable quality of malt barley in China has limited its wide use in malting and brewing industries. In this research, eight two-rowed barley cultivars were planted at 7 locations with different ecologica...Inferior and unstable quality of malt barley in China has limited its wide use in malting and brewing industries. In this research, eight two-rowed barley cultivars were planted at 7 locations with different ecological conditions in southern China, to investigate the cultivar and environmental effect on grain and malt qualities. The results showed that grain protein content differed dramatically among locations, but there were no significant differences among cultivars. For four malt qualities including diastatic power, wort viscosity, Kolbach index and malt extract, significant differences were found among cultivars and locations, except for diastatic power among cultivars. Coefficients of variance(CV)caused by location were greater than those caused by cultivar for each quality parameter, especially for diastatic power and Kolbach index, indicating the predominant influence of environment on malt quality. The analysis showed that grain protein content was positively related to diastatic power and wort viscosity, and negatively to malt extract. Kolbach index was positively related to malt extract, and negatively to diastatic power and wort viscosity. Diastatic power showed positive and negative correlation with wort viscosity and malt extract, respectively.展开更多
Eating and cooking qualities(ECQs) of rice are important attributes due to its major influence on consumer acceptability. To better understand the molecular mechanism of the variation in ECQs, we investigated and co...Eating and cooking qualities(ECQs) of rice are important attributes due to its major influence on consumer acceptability. To better understand the molecular mechanism of the variation in ECQs, we investigated and compared the expressions among different alleles of the Waxy(Wx) gene and its effect on ECQs in specialty rice cultivars. The results showed that the accumulation of amylose was positively and significantly correlated to the level of mature Wx m RNA and granule-bound starch synthase I(GBSS I) in developing rice grain at 12 days after flowering. The amount of GBSS I and its activity together are the main factors controlling amylose synthesis. Differences in ECQs among five Wx allele types were investigated in samples from 15 rice varieties. The apparent amylose content(AAC) and gel consistency(GC) were similar in each type of Wx allele. The AAC followed the order, Wx^a type〉Wx^in type〉Wx^b type〉Wx^mq type〉wx. Contrary to this, the GC showed an opposite trend compared to AAC. There was a wide variation in rapid visco analyzer(RVA) profile among five Wx allele types, while varieties sharing a specified Wx allele had basically the similar RVA profile, although there was a slight difference in some RVA parameters, peak, hot paste and cool paste viscosities.展开更多
The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to imp...The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to improve the quality of horticultural crops.The recent establishment of gene editing technology,with its potential applications in horticultural crops,provides a strategy for achieving this goal in a rapid and efficient manner.Here,we summarize research efforts aimed at improving horticultural crop quality through genome editing.We describe specific genome editing systems that have been used and traits that have been targeted in these efforts.Additionally,we discuss limiting factors and future perspectives of genome editing technology in improving horticultural crop qualities in both research and plant breeding.In summary,genome editing technology is emerging as a powerful tool for efficiently and rapidly improving horticultural crop quality,and we believe that the cautious application of genome editing in horticultural crops will generate new germplasms with improved quality in the near future.展开更多
[Objective]In order to compare the general egg qualities and mineral element contents of different layers,six commercial breeds in brown shell layer,including Lohmann,Jinghong,Hyline,Xinyang,Hisax,ISA,Suqing green she...[Objective]In order to compare the general egg qualities and mineral element contents of different layers,six commercial breeds in brown shell layer,including Lohmann,Jinghong,Hyline,Xinyang,Hisax,ISA,Suqing green shell layer and Wenchang chicken were used as materials.The general egg quality traits and mineral elements contents of eight breeds at 43 weeks old were mensurated.[Result] There were significant differences in general egg qualities(except yolk weight)of eight breeds.About the mineral element contents,the differences were significant only in P,Mn and Se of some breeds in this experiment.[Conclusion]The results in this study could provide the reference for further researcher,layer producers,nutritionists,consumers and so on.展开更多
Rapid assessment of foliar chlorophyll content in tobacco is critical for assessment of growth and precise management to improve quality and yield while minimizing adverse environmental impact. Our objective is to dev...Rapid assessment of foliar chlorophyll content in tobacco is critical for assessment of growth and precise management to improve quality and yield while minimizing adverse environmental impact. Our objective is to develop a precise agricultural practice predicting tobacco-leaf chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content. Reflectance experiments have been conducted on flue-cured tobacco over 3 consecutive years under different light quality. Leaf hyperspectral reflectance and chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content data have been collected at 15-day intervals from 30 days after transplant until harvesting. We identified the central band that is sensitive to tobacco-leaf chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content and the optimum wavelength combinations for establishing new spectral indices (simple ratio index, RVI;normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI;and simple difference vegetation index, DVI). We then established linear and BackPropagation (BP) neural network models to estimate chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content. The central bands for leaf chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content are concentrated in the visible range (410 - 680 nm) in combination with the shortwave infrared range (1900 - 2400 nm). The optimum spectral range for the spectral band combinations</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> RVI, NDVI, and DVI</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are 440 and 470 nm, 440 and 470 nm, and 440 and 460 nm, respectively. The linear RVI, NDVI, and DVI models, SMLR model and the BP neural network model have respective R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values of 0.76, 0.77, 0.69, 0.78 and 0.86, and root mean square error values of 0.63, 1.60, 1.59, 2.04 and 0.05 mg chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/g (fresh weight), respectively. Our results identified chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sensitive spectral regions and new indices facilitate a rapid, non-destructive field estimation of leaf chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content for tobacco.展开更多
Nowadays the modern females get out of home, fighting with males to display their wonderful life and demonstrate the wonderful characters, so we will ask the question what qualities do the modern females belong? By an...Nowadays the modern females get out of home, fighting with males to display their wonderful life and demonstrate the wonderful characters, so we will ask the question what qualities do the modern females belong? By analyzing the novel Jane Eyre, it is easy to see the qualities of heroine such as independence, desiring of knowledge, exploring true love and emphasizing on spirit world and so on. This paper explains that it is important for modern females to build up their excellent qualities in order to deal with a lot of barriers in their future way.展开更多
The development mode of industrial civilization has created huge material wealth for human society,but at the same time the severe ecological problems that have arisen from it have made human civilization fall into th...The development mode of industrial civilization has created huge material wealth for human society,but at the same time the severe ecological problems that have arisen from it have made human civilization fall into the dispersion of unsustainable development.The industrialized development mode has obvious non-ecological economic qualities,which are specifically manifested in the destruction of the ecological economy relationship between nature and mankind,the emergence of cracks of metabolism between nature and mankind,the unbalanced development of the social productive forces and the natural productive forces,and the functioning of one-way linear non-circular economy.Under the trend of ecological evolution of human civilization,the industrial civilization will be replaced by the ecological civilization,and then the industrial economic development mode will be transformed into the ecological economic development mode.As a result,the predicament of once unsustainable development has been gradually dispersed and human civilization enters a beautiful new era of coordinated development of economic society and natural ecology.展开更多
The article analyzes problems in the agricultural development of non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City.Firstly,low technical and scientific content of production and low standardization lev...The article analyzes problems in the agricultural development of non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City.Firstly,low technical and scientific content of production and low standardization level.Secondly,scattered sales and non-fixed marketing channels.Thirdly,difficulties in group cooperation of farm crops with special benefits.Fourthly,imperfect service of rural committees of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City.A new rural cooperative is to be founded to help villagers in non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City to be engaged in agricultural production and management activities,and to improve their overall incomes.On the one hand,a perfect and scientific cooperative operating system is to be built specifically including three functions.Firstly,fully playing the leading and bridging role of rural primary organizations.Secondly,fully carrying out the pushing role of capable persons in the administrative village.Lastly,fully playing the role of active participation and cooperation of villagers.On the other hand,constructions of normalization,standardization and brand orientation with special emphasis should be achieved under the guidance of local governments.The key of building a cooperative of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City is discussed.One is that rural cadres should have strong awareness of serving the people.The other is that governments at all levels should energetically support the establishment and management of rural cooperatives.展开更多
The common method classifying tactile qualities of fabrics is indirectly based on their difference of purely mechanical and physical properties. When human skin slides across fabric surfaces, the friction interaction ...The common method classifying tactile qualities of fabrics is indirectly based on their difference of purely mechanical and physical properties. When human skin slides across fabric surfaces, the friction interaction between fabrics and skin will occur and trigger the cutaneouS tactile receptors, which are responsible for perceived tactile sensation. By the extracted features from friction- induced vibration signals, this paper presents an anthropomorphic classification method classifying tactile qualities of fabrics. The friction-induced vibration signals are recorded by a three-axis accelerator sensor, and the entice testing procedure is conducted in an anthropomorphic way to obtain vibration signals. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is applied to analyzing the recoded signals, and then the classification features are extracted from the FFT data by the neurophysiological properties of tactile receptors. The extracted features are used to classify fabric samples by the softness sensation and the roughness sensation, respectively, and the classification performance is checked by a comparison with those in a sensory evaluation procedure. The results showed that the anthropomorphic objective classification method was precise and efficient to clarify tactile qualities of woven fabrics.展开更多
Dietary polyphenols, or phenolic compounds, are numerous, diverse, and ubiquitous phytochemicals occurring throughout the plant kingdom. They are important components of the human diet because of their capacity to red...Dietary polyphenols, or phenolic compounds, are numerous, diverse, and ubiquitous phytochemicals occurring throughout the plant kingdom. They are important components of the human diet because of their capacity to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. In plants, polyphenols contribute to resistance to pathogens due to their potent astringency and function as phytoalexins. As a result, organic grapevines grown with reduced pesticides may be more stressed by pathogens than conventionally grown grapevines and presumably produce more polyphenols. Since polyphenols also play an important role in the sensory qualities of fruits and wines particularly involving astringency and bitterness, there may be differences that affect sensory perceptions of wine. This establishes a conundrum where dietary polyphenols are healthful but potentially unpalatable.We recruited and randomized 18 female participants (21 - 50 y) to one of five groups (3 - 4 per group). Each group evaluated the sensory qualities of a geographically paired organic (OW) and conventional wine (CW) and an artificially colored white wine placebo (PW) with significantly differing total polyphenol concentrations (TP). Participants reported for three visits (one wine per visit) where they consumed 5 ounces (150 mL) of wine over 15 minutes while completing the sensory survey. Sensory evaluations based on a Likert-type scale included visual, aroma, and taste perceptions and overall impressions (scale 0 - 10). In two wine pairs, the OW contained significantly more TP (3.49 and 5.86 g/L) than the respective CW (2.63 and 4.63 g/L). In two other wine pairs both produced by sustainable viticulture, the CW (5.23 and 8.38 g/L) contained sig- nificantly more TP than OW (4.55 and 3.70 g/L) and in one set the amounts were equivalent (4.10 and 4.17 g/L). The five PW averaged 1.26 ± 0.20 g/L. Although there were significant differences in TP content of test wines, the results indicated that no significant differences in either intensity or quality for any of the sensory qualities were detected be- tween paired OW and CW wines but both scored significantly higher than the PW, with significantly lower TP. We conclude in this pilot study that a subset of OW from the Southwestern US is perceived similarly to CW produced by the same vineyard even with significantly differing TP concentrations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81701509).
文摘Objective This study aimed to determine whether the day of blastocyst expansion affects pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer(FBT)cycles.Methods A retrospective match-cohort study was conducted.Patients who underwent blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles at day 5 or 6 were matched for potential confounding factors.A total of 2207 matched pairs of FBT cycles were included from January 2016 to December 2019 in our Reproductive Medicine Center.Results The clinical pregnancy rate(CPR)and live birth rate(LBR)were significantly increased in day 5 blastocyst transfers when compared to day 6 blastocyst transfers,in terms of the same embryo quality.For FBT cycles with good-quality embryo,the CPR at day 5 and 6 was 61.30%and 57.56%,respectively(P=0.045),and the LBR was 44.79%and 36.16%,respectively(P<0.001).For FBT cycles with poor-quality embryo,the CPR at day 5 and 6 was 48.61%and 40.89%,respectively(P=0.006),and the LBR was 31.71%and 25.74%,respectively(P=0.019).The CPR for FBT cycles with good-quality embryo was statistically higher at day 6 than that at day 5 with poor-quality embryo transferred(57.56%vs.48.61%,P=0.001).Maternal age,anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),endometrial thickness,embryo quality,and the day of blastocyst expansion were independently correlated with the CPR and LBR.The FBT cycles at day 5 had significantly higher CPR(adjusted odds ratio[OR]=1.246,95%confidence intervals[CI]:1.097–1.415,P=0.001)and LBR(adjusted OR=1.435,95%CI:1.258–1.637,P<0.001)than those at day 6.Conclusion The embryo quality is the primary indicator for FBT cycles.Day 5 blastocysts should be preferred when the quality of embryo at day 5 is the same as that at day 6.
文摘As the main body of promoting the development of medical science and technology, medical students play an extremely important role in promoting the construction of new medical science. New medicine is a new concept based on the development of traditional medicine, breaking the discipline barrier, aiming to cultivate composite talents, taking reality as the orientation, and combining with the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence. Cultivating medical students’ innovation and entrepreneurship literacy is not only the internal need of the construction of innovative medical talents in new medical sciences, but also the development need of promoting the optimization of medical disciplines and effectively promoting the construction of an innovative country. As the main place for training medical talents, medical colleges and universities should integrate classroom ideology and politics with the new medical background to improve medical students’ professional knowledge, professional ethics, humanistic quality and scientific and technological quality, promote the cultivation of medical students’ innovative spirit, and further innovate medical theories, technologies and concepts. It lays a solid foundation for cultivating top medical talents with both innovative thinking and cultural self-confidence and building an innovative country.
文摘With the more and more frequent of international communications, diplomatic work has come to a totally new age.The diplomatic interpreters must meet higher requirments and challenges. Hence what qualities they should have becomes an important problem.this thesis focus on four aspects to deal with it.
文摘Cooking and nutrition qualities of grain are two of the most important aspects of rice quality. To understand the difference in cooking and nutrition qualities among the grains at different positions within a rice panicle, the distributions of gel consistency (GC), amylose content (AC) and crude protein content (CPC) of grains in a panicle in association with different nitrogen levels (0, 120 and 240 k c/ha) were investigated by using two rice varieties, Yangdao 6 (indica) and Wuyujing 3 (japonica). In general, the grains at the basal part of a panicle had lower GC and higher AC than those at the upper or middle part of a panicle. The 1^st grain on the secondary branch with earlier flowering exhibited the highest GC, whereas the 2nd grain on the primary branch with later flowering showed the highest AC. For Yangdao 6, CPC in the grains on the primary branches was lower at the middle part of a panicle than at the upper or basal part of a panicle. For Wuyujing 3, there were no significant differences in CPCs in the grains among the upper, middle and basal parts of a panicle. GC in the grains was increased, whereas AC was reduced from zero nitrogen application (ON) to low amount of nitrogen application (LN), and the result was reversed from LN to medium amount of nitrogen application (MN). CPC was increased with the increase in the amount of nitrogen application.
文摘An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chalkiness on cooking, eating and nutrition qualities of rice using Gangyou 527 (indica hybrid rice) and Zhaiyeqing 8 (conventional indica rice) as materials. Compared with the milled rice without chalkiness, amylose content, final viscosity, setback and consistence increased significantly, while gel consistence, peak viscosity and breakdown decreased remarkably and other RVA values did not have significant changes in the chalky rice of Gangyou 527. The differences in the above indices between the chalky and non-chalky rice was not remarkable in Zhaiyeqing 8. The crude protein content of chalky rice in Zhaiyeqing 8 was significantly lower than that of non-chalky rice, but there was no remarkable change between the chalky and non-chalky rice in Gangyou 527. Glutelin content fell significantly, and albumin, globulin, prolamine and lysine contents did not change significantly in chalky rice compared with non-chalky rice in the two varieties.
基金Education Department of Heilongjiang Province in China for the Oversea Researcher Projects(1151HZ01,10531002)
文摘Texture qualities of cooked rice are comprised of many indexes with the complex relationship, so it is difficult to analyze and evaluate cooked rice. In this paper, the related indexes of texture properties were conversed into the independent indexes of principal component based on the principal component analysis method. The results showed that the rice kernel types influenced the meanings of principal components indexes. For long and short rice, the first principal component was comprehensive index. But the second principal component was springiness for the short rice, while it was adhesiveness for long rice. Therefore, the first principal component can be used to express the quality of cooked rice with a few of indexes, and the rice type can be recognized according to the second principal component.
基金Supported by Program for Technological Innovation Research Team in University of Heilongjiang Province(2010td04)
文摘Correlation among physicochemical properties, which include amylose content, alkali spreading values, gel consistency, water absorption, expansion rate, solid content of rice-water, protein content and fat content, and eating qualities of six kinds of rice samples planted in Heilongjiang Province were studied. Correlation analysis showed that amylose content, water absorption and expansion rate were negatively correlated with eating qualities, yet gel consistency, alkali spreading values, solid content of rice-water and fat content were positively correlated with eating qualities. Among them, eating quality had an obvious correlation with amylose content and gel consistency, but no significant correlation with protein content. The regression equation, which described the relationship of the eating quality scores and physicochemical indexes, was Y=94.439–12.711X1–23.721X2–0.701X3+0.570X4+186.938X5(X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 represented amylose content, water absorption, expansion rate gel, consistency and fat content). The single factor analysis of variance showed that six kinds of rice existed significant differences in quality category.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761047,41661005,41661084,41861009 and 41261104)National Natural Science Foundation innovation research group science foundation of China(41421061)Autonomous project of State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences(SKLCS-ZZ-2017)
文摘The Sugan Lake Basin is located in the inland arid region of northwestern China,in which groundwater is of great significance to human and ecology.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the chemical characteristics and quality of groundwater in the basin.Based on samples collected from 35 groundwater wells in Sugan Lake Basin,the spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater chemistry,main hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater quality have been discussed in this paper by using the multivariate statistics and hydrochemistry analysis methods.The results showed that the groundwater is weakly alkaline,and its total dissolved solid(TDS)and total hardness(TH) are high,with the average values of 1244.03 mg/L and 492.10 mg/L,respectively.The types of groundwater are mainly HCO_3^--SO_4^(2-)-Ca^(2+)type in the runoff area and Cl^--SO_4^(2-)-Na^+type in the catchment area.Rock weathering and ion exchange are the main controlling factors of regional groundwater chemistry,followed by evaporative crystallization,and human activities have less impact on groundwater.The spatial difference of groundwater quality is obvious,the water quality of the catchment area is not suitable for drinking,and the suitability for plant growth is also poor.The groundwater in the runoff area can be used for drinking,but the hardness is slightly higher,which is more suitable for ecological purpose.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30270779) and the Special Research Foundation for Doctor Discipline of Chinese Universities (No. 20020335028)
文摘The effects of different timing of N fertilizer application at the same rate on grain β-amylase activity, protein con- centration, weight and malt quality of barley were studied. Grain β-amylase activity and protein concentration were significantly higher in treatments where all top-dressed N fertilizer was applied at booting stage only or equally applied at two-leaf stage and booting stage than in the treatment where all top-dressed N fertilizer was applied at two-leaf age stage only. On the other hand, grain weight and malt extract decreased with increased N application at booting stage. There were obvious differences between barley varieties and experimental years in the grain and malt quality response to the timing of N fertilizer application. It was found that grain protein concentration was significantly and positively correlated with β-amylase activity, but significantly and nega- tively correlated with malt extract and Kolbach index. The effect of grain protein concentration on malt quality was predominant over the effect of grain β-amylase activity.
文摘Inferior and unstable quality of malt barley in China has limited its wide use in malting and brewing industries. In this research, eight two-rowed barley cultivars were planted at 7 locations with different ecological conditions in southern China, to investigate the cultivar and environmental effect on grain and malt qualities. The results showed that grain protein content differed dramatically among locations, but there were no significant differences among cultivars. For four malt qualities including diastatic power, wort viscosity, Kolbach index and malt extract, significant differences were found among cultivars and locations, except for diastatic power among cultivars. Coefficients of variance(CV)caused by location were greater than those caused by cultivar for each quality parameter, especially for diastatic power and Kolbach index, indicating the predominant influence of environment on malt quality. The analysis showed that grain protein content was positively related to diastatic power and wort viscosity, and negatively to malt extract. Kolbach index was positively related to malt extract, and negatively to diastatic power and wort viscosity. Diastatic power showed positive and negative correlation with wort viscosity and malt extract, respectively.
基金financially supported by the National HighTech R&D Program of China(2012AA101103)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(11JJ3032)the Major Project of China for Cultivation Technology of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms,Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2014ZX08009-024B and 2014ZX08009003-004-009)
文摘Eating and cooking qualities(ECQs) of rice are important attributes due to its major influence on consumer acceptability. To better understand the molecular mechanism of the variation in ECQs, we investigated and compared the expressions among different alleles of the Waxy(Wx) gene and its effect on ECQs in specialty rice cultivars. The results showed that the accumulation of amylose was positively and significantly correlated to the level of mature Wx m RNA and granule-bound starch synthase I(GBSS I) in developing rice grain at 12 days after flowering. The amount of GBSS I and its activity together are the main factors controlling amylose synthesis. Differences in ECQs among five Wx allele types were investigated in samples from 15 rice varieties. The apparent amylose content(AAC) and gel consistency(GC) were similar in each type of Wx allele. The AAC followed the order, Wx^a type〉Wx^in type〉Wx^b type〉Wx^mq type〉wx. Contrary to this, the GC showed an opposite trend compared to AAC. There was a wide variation in rapid visco analyzer(RVA) profile among five Wx allele types, while varieties sharing a specified Wx allele had basically the similar RVA profile, although there was a slight difference in some RVA parameters, peak, hot paste and cool paste viscosities.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFD1000200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772284).
文摘The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to improve the quality of horticultural crops.The recent establishment of gene editing technology,with its potential applications in horticultural crops,provides a strategy for achieving this goal in a rapid and efficient manner.Here,we summarize research efforts aimed at improving horticultural crop quality through genome editing.We describe specific genome editing systems that have been used and traits that have been targeted in these efforts.Additionally,we discuss limiting factors and future perspectives of genome editing technology in improving horticultural crop qualities in both research and plant breeding.In summary,genome editing technology is emerging as a powerful tool for efficiently and rapidly improving horticultural crop quality,and we believe that the cautious application of genome editing in horticultural crops will generate new germplasms with improved quality in the near future.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program (2012BAD39B04-3)Yangzhou city societal development item (YZ2010080)
文摘[Objective]In order to compare the general egg qualities and mineral element contents of different layers,six commercial breeds in brown shell layer,including Lohmann,Jinghong,Hyline,Xinyang,Hisax,ISA,Suqing green shell layer and Wenchang chicken were used as materials.The general egg quality traits and mineral elements contents of eight breeds at 43 weeks old were mensurated.[Result] There were significant differences in general egg qualities(except yolk weight)of eight breeds.About the mineral element contents,the differences were significant only in P,Mn and Se of some breeds in this experiment.[Conclusion]The results in this study could provide the reference for further researcher,layer producers,nutritionists,consumers and so on.
文摘Rapid assessment of foliar chlorophyll content in tobacco is critical for assessment of growth and precise management to improve quality and yield while minimizing adverse environmental impact. Our objective is to develop a precise agricultural practice predicting tobacco-leaf chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content. Reflectance experiments have been conducted on flue-cured tobacco over 3 consecutive years under different light quality. Leaf hyperspectral reflectance and chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content data have been collected at 15-day intervals from 30 days after transplant until harvesting. We identified the central band that is sensitive to tobacco-leaf chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content and the optimum wavelength combinations for establishing new spectral indices (simple ratio index, RVI;normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI;and simple difference vegetation index, DVI). We then established linear and BackPropagation (BP) neural network models to estimate chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content. The central bands for leaf chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content are concentrated in the visible range (410 - 680 nm) in combination with the shortwave infrared range (1900 - 2400 nm). The optimum spectral range for the spectral band combinations</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> RVI, NDVI, and DVI</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are 440 and 470 nm, 440 and 470 nm, and 440 and 460 nm, respectively. The linear RVI, NDVI, and DVI models, SMLR model and the BP neural network model have respective R</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values of 0.76, 0.77, 0.69, 0.78 and 0.86, and root mean square error values of 0.63, 1.60, 1.59, 2.04 and 0.05 mg chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/g (fresh weight), respectively. Our results identified chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sensitive spectral regions and new indices facilitate a rapid, non-destructive field estimation of leaf chlorophyll-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> content for tobacco.
文摘Nowadays the modern females get out of home, fighting with males to display their wonderful life and demonstrate the wonderful characters, so we will ask the question what qualities do the modern females belong? By analyzing the novel Jane Eyre, it is easy to see the qualities of heroine such as independence, desiring of knowledge, exploring true love and emphasizing on spirit world and so on. This paper explains that it is important for modern females to build up their excellent qualities in order to deal with a lot of barriers in their future way.
基金Supported by the Key Research Projects of Shanxi Federation of Social Sciences from 2020 to 2021(SSKLZDKT2020001)Later Funded Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shanxi Province in 2019(2019D008)+1 种基金Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(HGKY2019074)the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Foundation Project of North University of China in 2019(ZYMY201903).
文摘The development mode of industrial civilization has created huge material wealth for human society,but at the same time the severe ecological problems that have arisen from it have made human civilization fall into the dispersion of unsustainable development.The industrialized development mode has obvious non-ecological economic qualities,which are specifically manifested in the destruction of the ecological economy relationship between nature and mankind,the emergence of cracks of metabolism between nature and mankind,the unbalanced development of the social productive forces and the natural productive forces,and the functioning of one-way linear non-circular economy.Under the trend of ecological evolution of human civilization,the industrial civilization will be replaced by the ecological civilization,and then the industrial economic development mode will be transformed into the ecological economic development mode.As a result,the predicament of once unsustainable development has been gradually dispersed and human civilization enters a beautiful new era of coordinated development of economic society and natural ecology.
文摘The article analyzes problems in the agricultural development of non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City.Firstly,low technical and scientific content of production and low standardization level.Secondly,scattered sales and non-fixed marketing channels.Thirdly,difficulties in group cooperation of farm crops with special benefits.Fourthly,imperfect service of rural committees of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City.A new rural cooperative is to be founded to help villagers in non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City to be engaged in agricultural production and management activities,and to improve their overall incomes.On the one hand,a perfect and scientific cooperative operating system is to be built specifically including three functions.Firstly,fully playing the leading and bridging role of rural primary organizations.Secondly,fully carrying out the pushing role of capable persons in the administrative village.Lastly,fully playing the role of active participation and cooperation of villagers.On the other hand,constructions of normalization,standardization and brand orientation with special emphasis should be achieved under the guidance of local governments.The key of building a cooperative of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City is discussed.One is that rural cadres should have strong awareness of serving the people.The other is that governments at all levels should energetically support the establishment and management of rural cooperatives.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China,Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The common method classifying tactile qualities of fabrics is indirectly based on their difference of purely mechanical and physical properties. When human skin slides across fabric surfaces, the friction interaction between fabrics and skin will occur and trigger the cutaneouS tactile receptors, which are responsible for perceived tactile sensation. By the extracted features from friction- induced vibration signals, this paper presents an anthropomorphic classification method classifying tactile qualities of fabrics. The friction-induced vibration signals are recorded by a three-axis accelerator sensor, and the entice testing procedure is conducted in an anthropomorphic way to obtain vibration signals. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is applied to analyzing the recoded signals, and then the classification features are extracted from the FFT data by the neurophysiological properties of tactile receptors. The extracted features are used to classify fabric samples by the softness sensation and the roughness sensation, respectively, and the classification performance is checked by a comparison with those in a sensory evaluation procedure. The results showed that the anthropomorphic objective classification method was precise and efficient to clarify tactile qualities of woven fabrics.
文摘Dietary polyphenols, or phenolic compounds, are numerous, diverse, and ubiquitous phytochemicals occurring throughout the plant kingdom. They are important components of the human diet because of their capacity to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. In plants, polyphenols contribute to resistance to pathogens due to their potent astringency and function as phytoalexins. As a result, organic grapevines grown with reduced pesticides may be more stressed by pathogens than conventionally grown grapevines and presumably produce more polyphenols. Since polyphenols also play an important role in the sensory qualities of fruits and wines particularly involving astringency and bitterness, there may be differences that affect sensory perceptions of wine. This establishes a conundrum where dietary polyphenols are healthful but potentially unpalatable.We recruited and randomized 18 female participants (21 - 50 y) to one of five groups (3 - 4 per group). Each group evaluated the sensory qualities of a geographically paired organic (OW) and conventional wine (CW) and an artificially colored white wine placebo (PW) with significantly differing total polyphenol concentrations (TP). Participants reported for three visits (one wine per visit) where they consumed 5 ounces (150 mL) of wine over 15 minutes while completing the sensory survey. Sensory evaluations based on a Likert-type scale included visual, aroma, and taste perceptions and overall impressions (scale 0 - 10). In two wine pairs, the OW contained significantly more TP (3.49 and 5.86 g/L) than the respective CW (2.63 and 4.63 g/L). In two other wine pairs both produced by sustainable viticulture, the CW (5.23 and 8.38 g/L) contained sig- nificantly more TP than OW (4.55 and 3.70 g/L) and in one set the amounts were equivalent (4.10 and 4.17 g/L). The five PW averaged 1.26 ± 0.20 g/L. Although there were significant differences in TP content of test wines, the results indicated that no significant differences in either intensity or quality for any of the sensory qualities were detected be- tween paired OW and CW wines but both scored significantly higher than the PW, with significantly lower TP. We conclude in this pilot study that a subset of OW from the Southwestern US is perceived similarly to CW produced by the same vineyard even with significantly differing TP concentrations.