Oxidation of emerging organic contaminants by in-situ H_(2)O_(2) fenton system

The existence and risk of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs)have been under consideration and paid much effort to degrade these pollutants.Fenton system is one of the most widely used technologies to solve this problem.The original Fenton system relies on the hydroxyl radicals produced by Fe(Ⅱ)/H_(2)O_(2) to oxidize the organic contaminants.However,the application of the Fenton system is limited by its low iron cycling efficiency and the high risks of hydrogen peroxide transportation and storage.The introduction of external energy(including light and electricity etc.)can effectively promote the Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)cycle and the reduction of oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide in situ.This review introduces three in-situ Fenton systems,which are electro-Fenton,Photo-Fenton,and chemical reaction.The mechanism,influencing factors,and catalysts of these three in-situ Fenton systems in degrading EOCs are discussed systematically.This review strengthens the understanding of Fenton and in-situ Fenton systems in degradation,offering further insight into the real application of the in-situ Fenton system in the removal of EOCs.

Acute airway emergency caused by an organic foreign body located in the laryngeal mucosa

INTRODUCTION Organic material(e.g.nuts in children and bones or food in adults)is the most common foreign body inhaled by patients.Just one tenth of all foreign bodies in the airway are located in the larynx.^([1])Laryngeal foreign bodies among adults are rarely seen but can be a life threatening

Progress of semitransparent emerging photovoltaics for building integrated applications

With the rapid development of emerging photovoltaics technology in recent years,the application of building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs)has attracted the research interest of photovoltaic communities.To meet the practical application requirements of BIPVs,in addition to the evaluation indicator of power conversion efficiency(PCE),other key performance indicators such as heat-insulating ability,average visible light transmittance(AVT),color properties,and integrability are equally important.The traditional Si-based photovoltaic technology is typically limited by its opaque properties for application scenarios where transparency is required.The emerging PV technologies,such as organic and perovskite photovoltaics are promising candidates for BIPV applications,owing to their advantages such as high PCE,high AVT,and tunable properties.At present,the PCE of semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)has attained 14%with AVT of 22–25%;for semitransparent organic solar cells(ST-OSCs),the PCE reached 13%with AVT of almost 40%.In this review article,we summarize recent advances in material selection,optical engineering,and device architecture design for high-performance semitransparent emerging PV devices,and discuss the application of optical modeling,as well as the challenges of commercializing these semitransparent solar cells for building-integrated applications.

Study of Problems in the Development of Non-profit Organizations in Urban Communities

With the continuous advancement of construction of urban communities and the continuous development of the needs of community residents in China,non-profit organizations in various urban communities have developed rapidly and have increasingly played an important role in social and economic life. At present,the development of non-profit organizations in urban communities is still faced with many problems,such as difficulty in raising funds,lack of incentives that results in low enthusiasm for volunteering and low participation of community residents,etc. It is urgent and practical significance to study,analyze and solve the problems faced by non-profit organizations in urban communities. That article focuses on the analysis and discussion of the problems facing the development of non-profit organizations in urban communities,and proposes countermeasures to solve the problems.

Knowledge about the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Recognition of Sepsis: A Survey among Emergency Nurses

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of emergency nurses of quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)score,screening tool,and recognition,and importance of sepsis.A multicenter study including 110 ED nurses from six hospitals in Qingdao was conducted.A validated questionnaire was used to evaluate ED nurses’knowledge about qSOFA,sepsis 3.0,and early sepsis screening tool with qSOFA.The scores of knowledge about sepsis 3.0 and qSOFA were lower.The scores of the different characteristics of nurses were statistically different(P<0.05).Col1egues,self-study,and school were the main source of knowledge about sepsis.Manager should improve the cognition of sepsis and strengthen staff training about sepsis in ED.

Motivations for and barriers to innovation in non-profit organizations: The case of nursing homes in Northern Portugal

To contribute to the empirical literature on innovation in non-profit organizations,this study examines innovation in Private Social Solidarity Institutions with social responses for the elderly in Northern Portugal.It enriches the literature by clarifying the concept of innovation applied to non-profit organizations,which represents a perspective different from the business context.Moreover,it is important to support the innovation decisionmaking process in similar non-profit organizations.For this study,the population was surveyed through questionnaires based on the PUBLIN research project,which has already been applied in different countries,and the targets were employees of organizations with social responses for the elderly.Our sample is small,with 28 respondent institutions and 51 employees,but it is representative,as it includes institutions from all districts in Northern Portugal.The study employed a quantitative approach,particularly factor analysis,multiple linear regression,and correlation analyses,using scales already applied in other dimensions of the social sector,to understand the effect of each innovation dimension/determinant on creativity and innovation in nonprofit organizations.The results show that in these organizations with social responses for the elderly,learning orientation,risk-taking,and job satisfaction have a positive impact on innovation.

Emerging Organic Contaminants in Chinese Surface Water:Identification of Priority Pollutants

The occurrence and impacts of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs)in the aquatic environment have gained widespread attention over the past two decades.Due to large number of potential contaminants,monitoring campaigns,treatment plants,and proposed regulations should preferentially focus on specific pollutants with the highest potential for ecological and human health effects.In the present study,a multi-criteria screening approach based on hazard and exposure potentials was developed for prioritization of 405 unregulated EOCs already present in Chinese surface water.Hazard potential,exposure potential,and risk quotients for ecological and human health effects were quantitatively analyzed and used to screen contaminants.The hazard potential was defined by contaminant persistence,bioaccumulation,ecotoxicity,and human health effects;similarly,the exposure potential was a function of contaminant concentration and detection frequency.In total,123 compounds passed the preselection process,which involved a priority index equal to the normalized hazard potential multiplied by the normalized exposure potential.Based on the prioritization scheme,11 compounds were identified as top-priority,and 37 chemicals were defined as high-priority.The results obtained by the priority index were compared with four other prioritization schemes based on exposure potential,hazard potential,or risk quotients for ecological effects or human health.The priority index effectively captured and integrated the results from the more simplistic prioritization schemes.Based on identified data gaps,four uncertainty categories were classified to recommend:①regular monitoring,derivation of environmental quality standards,and development of control strategies;②increased monitoring;③fortified hazard assessment;and④increased efforts to collect occurrence and toxicity data.Overall,20 pollutants were recommended as priority EOCs.The prioritized list of contaminants provides the necessary information for authoritative regulations to monitor,control,evaluate,and manage the risks of environmentally-relevant EOCs in Chinese surface water.

Does shifting to professional emergency department staffing affect the decision for chest radiography?

BACKGROUND: The study aims to determine whether shifting to professional emergency department(ED) teams leads to a higher rate of radiologic workup.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 2,000 patients presenting to the ED of a tertiary teaching hospital in two time periods: group 1(G1) comprised 1,000 consecutive patients enrolled from December 21, 2012 to January 5, 2013(all patients were examined by an internal medicine specialist);group 2(G2) comprised 1,000 consecutive patients enrolled from December 21, 2018 to January 3, 2019(all patients were examined by an emergency physician).RESULTS: The chest X-ray(CXR) was performed in 40.6% of all patients. There was no difference in the frequency of CXR(38.9% in G1 vs. 42.3% in G2, P=0.152). More CXRs were performed in G2 patients older than 65 years, in female patients older than 65 years, in patients presenting during the evening and night shifts or off-hours, in patients with a history of malignancy, in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, and in patients with bradycardia, but fewer in patients presenting with arrhythmia. No difference in the rates of pathological CXR was found(47.3% in G1 vs. 52.2% in G2, P=0.186). Compared with G2, higher sensitivity and specificity were obtained for the binary logistic regression model predicting pathological findings in G1.CONCLUSIONS: Shifting to professional ED teams does not increase radiologic workup. By implementing deliberate usage of ultrasound, some self-governing procedures, case-oriented investigations, and center-specific recommendations, unnecessary radiologic workup can be avoided. Professional ED teams could lead to a higher standard of emergency care.

Reflections on the Participation of Social Organizations in the Prevention of COVID-19

Objective To study the problems of Chinese social organizations in participating in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic so that we can standardize the participation mechanism,improve the collaborative management mechanism,and promote the development of social organizations.Methods Through the analysis of CNKI,news reports,industry conferences and other data,combined with the current situation,the participation of social organizations in public health emergencies were investigated.Results and Conclusion The coordination between government and social organizations is not good.Social organizations in the field of public health are unable to stand out in a timely manner.The public do not have self-management ability.Some of the media spread rumors.Besides,most social organizations are highly dependent on the government and they are ack supervision.Social organizations should be incorporated into the emergency management system and national hub-based social organizations must be established.In addition,supervision should be strengthened to increase the credibility of social organizations.The responsibilities of community and emergency management at the grassroots level should be enhanced.The public opinion response and disposal system should be improved.Lastly,the responsibility of social organizations in the field of public health must be fulfilled.

新污染物在含溶解有机物水体中光降解行为研究进展

新污染物(emerging contaminants,ECs)是一类稳定性高、亲水性强的环境污染物,其中大部分物质最终会进入并滞留在自然水域,因其对生态和人类健康的危害而受到广泛关注.光化学降解是ECs在水体中的主要转化过程之一,包括直接光解、间接光解和自敏化光解.溶解有机物(dissolved organic matter,DOM)作为水体中具有优异光化学性质的光敏剂,吸光后产生·OH、1O2、3DOM*等活性反应中间体,对ECs的间接光降解过程有着重要影响.为探究ECs在水体中的迁移转化并评估其生态环境风险,有必要提高对其降解过程的认识.鉴于此,文章在论述DOM环境光化学特性和过程的基础上,重点阐述了DOM类型、来源、荧光组分及环境因素对ECs光降解过程的影响.DOM对ECs间接光降解过程的影响主要包括促进作用和抑制作用.促进作用主要表现在DOM产生的活性反应中间体与ECs反应,抑制作用主要包括光屏蔽作用和猝灭效应.DOM的作用效果与其类型、来源、组分及环境因素密切相关.同时,文章就DOM对ECs光降解影响的研究工作进行展望,这将有助于更全面地了解ECs的光化学行为,对于评估ECs在自然水体中的环境归趋和生态风险具有重要意义.

典型水污染事故应急处置实用技术探究

当前水污染事故频发多发态势仍未改变,且突发水污染事故处置有预案、缺技术、少装备的问题依然突出。为满足我国水污染事故应急处置需求,综合考虑应急处置技术的去除、稳定性、设备化、机动化、可操作性和适应性等关键因素,重点探讨了水体藻华、重金属和有机物以及水面油类等污染的实用处置技术,优选出移动式藻华高效打捞脱水一体化处置船、化学絮凝耦合超磁分离技术、集约式一体化快速生化污水处理技术、异相催化氧化等高效处置技术,研究成果可为今后突发水污染事故应急处置提供有效支撑。

快速序贯器官功能衰竭评估评分联合氧合指数与急诊危重症患者危重程度的关系研究

目的探讨快速序贯器官功能衰竭评估(qSOFA)评分联合氧合指数(OI)对急诊危重症患者危重程度的预测价值。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2021年10月河北省第七人民医院收治的176例急诊危重症患者作为研究对象,包括脓毒症患者92例,社区获得性肺炎患者84例。根据入院24 h内的急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分结果,将所选患者分为轻度组(15分≤APACHEⅡ评分<20分,n=58)、中度组(20分≤APACHEⅡ评分<30分,n=70)和重度组(APACHEⅡ评分≥30分,n=48)。比较3组患者的血气指标[二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))、OI]、qSOFA评分;采用Pearson相关分析血气指标与qSOFA评分的相关性;采用多分类有序Logistic回归分析急诊危重症患者危重程度的影响因素;并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析qSOFA评分联合OI预测急诊危重症患者危重程度的价值。结果重度组的PaCO_(2)和qSOFA评分均高于中度组和轻度组,且中度组的PaCO_(2)和qSOFA评分显著高于轻度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组的PaO_(2)和OI呈现下降趋势,重度组低于中度组和轻度组,中度组低于轻度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,PaCO_(2)与qSOFA评分呈正相关(r=0.238,P<0.05);PaO_(2)、OI与qSOFA评分呈负相关(r=-0.197、-0.328,P<0.05)。多分类有序Logistic回归分析结果显示,PaCO_(2)和qSOFA评分越高,急诊危重症患者危重程度越严重;但PaO_(2)和OI越低急诊危重症患者危重程度越严重。ROC曲线分析结果示,qSOFA评分联合OI预测急诊危重症患者危重程度的曲线下面积(AUC)最大为0.895,大于各单独指标预测和其他联合指标的预测(P<0.05)。结论qSOFA评分、OI与急诊危重症患者危重程度有关,二者联合预测急诊危重症患者危重程度的价值更高,可作为临床诊断和评估急诊危重症的辅助指标。

基于ISO 15189管理体系急诊检验室实习带教工作的实践和探索

国际标准化组织标准(ISO)15189质量管理体系是针对医学实验室的质量和能力制定的标准。体现了国际医学实验室最新质量管理理念,提出了质量改进方法的标准。其目的是确保医学实验室的检测质量和可靠性。医院的实习经历是医学生将理论知识应用于实践,并对理论知识巩固与再学习的过程,对学生将来的就业或再深造都起着至关重要的作用。本研究分析了以往急诊检验室在实习带教中存在的问题,并针对这些问题将ISO 15189质量管理体系中的管理要素和技术要素作为检验专业急诊实习教学设计的依据,使实习教学工作更加系统化、规范化和高效化,对实习过程全程把控,同时融入思想政治案例,培养学生独立自主的学习能力和科研探索精神,为同学们毕业后能较快适应检验工作,成为全面型的检验人才奠定基础。

农田离子型新兴有机污染物的作物吸收、分布和转化机制研究进展

农田新兴有机污染物可通过作物吸收进入食物链从而威胁人体健康,其中,离子型新兴有机污染物(ionic emerging organic pollutants,IEOPs)因挥发性较弱、极性强而具有更为复杂的环境行为,因此,了解作物对IEOPs的吸收转化过程及机制,对明确IEOPs在农田系统中的归趋具有重要意义。该文综述了作物对IEOPs的吸收转运过程,重点介绍了IEOPs自身理化性质与作物组成、转运蛋白、调控基因等因素对该吸收转运过程的影响;从器官、组织和亚细胞等不同水平分析了IEOPs在作物中的累积分布规律;介绍了IEOPs在作物体内的酶促转化机理;最后,从加强IEOPs吸收机理研究、完善预测模型和关注作物体内转化机制等方面对该研究领域进行展望。

降雨影响下道路交通应急疏散优化研究

为了在降雨情景下更安全地组织交通应急疏散,提出考虑降雨影响的动态网络加载路段传输模型,引入“降雨强度-路面积水深度-交通自由流速度”关系方程,建立道路交通应急疏散优化模型并设计分阶段算法,研究降雨强度与路面积水深度对应急疏散优化效果的影响规律。研究结果表明:不同程度降雨和道路积水深度对疏散效率影响不同,引发交通拥堵或加剧拥堵程度。研究结果可为制定降雨影响下交通疏散应急预案提供参考。

新工科时代“有机化学”教学创新改革的探索与实践

在新时代发展理念下,国家大力推行新工科建设,而高校工科类专业“有机化学”的教学缺乏应用型特色,也未体现新工科的理念和要求,出现人才培养与社会需求脱节和供不对求的局面,甚至造成学生对本专业不自信。作为工科专业基础课的“有机化学”必须改革创新,探索适应新时代发展理念的教学方式方法以顺应新工科建设要求。从教学内容的优化与教学资源的建构、教学手段多样化并智能化、教学设计“以生为本”并体现个性化、课程思政的巧妙融入、评价体系多元化等五个方面进行改革与创新。

基于资源依赖理论的公益性应急救援组织发展路径探析

近年来,公益性应急救援组织在应对突发险情中发挥出了重要作用,为人民群众的人身与财产安全以及社会安定提供了坚实的保障,但同时也暴露出其建设中面临着资金、专业、专门经验、互动环境层面的挑战。基于资源依赖理论,针对公益性应急救援组织的发展困境提出加强专业化建设、正确发挥组织间群落互倚的协同作用等优化对策。

急诊中心远程指导型急救模式对多发创伤合并多器官功能障碍综合征患者救治效果及凝血功能指标的影响

目的分析急诊中心远程指导型急救模式在多发创伤合并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者中的应用价值。方法选取2019年4月至2021年4月我院收治的100例多发创伤合并MODS患者为研究对象,根据不同救治方法将其分为对照组(n=50,传统救治模式)和研究组(n=50,急诊中心远程指导型急救模式)。比较两组的应用效果。结果研究组的抢救反应时间、受伤至入院时间、院内急诊处理时间及住院时间短于对照组,24 h留观意外事件发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的抢救成功率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗5 d后,研究组的格拉斯哥昏迷指数(GCS)评分高于对照组,简明损伤定级法-损伤严重程度(AIS-ISS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗5 d后,研究组的D-二聚体水平低于对照组,凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间长于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组患者家属对急救处理的满意度为90.00%,高于对照组的70.00%(P<0.05)。结论急诊中心远程指导型急救模式应用在多发创伤合并MODS患者救治中,能够实现损伤的早期控制,缩短救治时间,提高抢救成功率,显著改善患者的预后,提高患者家属对急救处理的满意度。

大型赛事下城轨运输保障实践与思考

城轨作为城市服务的窗口,对大型赛事交通保障具有极其重要的作用。文章首先分析城轨在大型赛事运输保障工作中面临的挑战;然后,梳理有关设备设施、行车组织、客运组织、安全服务、应急指挥5个方面的保障措施,并结合典型案例论述工作思路,提炼有关线网运力供给和车站客流组织方面的经验做法;最后,总结大型赛事下城轨运输保障需要重点关注的事项。相关研究可为城轨行业大型赛事运输保障工作提供启示,助力城轨运营企业为活动人员和乘客提供周到满意、安全便捷、舒适高效的高品质运营服务。