Coupling effect on the thermal hazard assessment of hazardous chemical materials via calorimetric technologies and simulation approaches

The coupling effect of heat absorption and release exists in the thermal decomposition of a few chemical materials.However,the impact of the above coupling on thermal hazard assessment is not considered in the literature studies.In this work,nitroguanidine(NQ)and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX)are selected as representative materials to explore the influence of the coupling effect on the thermal hazard assessment of chemical materials.The linear heating experiments of NQ and RDX are carried out by a microcalorimeter and synchronous thermal analyser.The thermal decomposition curves are decoupled by advanced thermokinetics software.The thermal decomposition and kinetic parameters before and after decoupling are calculated.The results of TG experiment show that both NQ and RDX began to lose mass during the endothermic stage.The endothermic melting and exothermic decomposition of NQ and RDX are coupled within this stage.The coupling effect has different degrees of influence on its initial decomposition temperature and safety parameters.Compared with the parameters in the coupling state,the initial decomposition temperature and adiabatic induction period after decoupling decrease.The self-accelerating decomposition temperature increases,and internal thermal runaway time decreases.In the thermal hazard assessment of chemical materials with coupling effects,the calculated parameters after decoupling should be taken as an important safety index。

The Application and Prospect of Stabilization/Solidification Technology for Hazardous Waste in China

The number of hazardous waste in our country increased dramatically in recent years,stabilization/solidification technology begins to attract a wide spread attention by domestic scholars.Based on the domestic related literature,this paper discussed the present situation about the treatment of the solid waste using stabilization/solidification technology;meanwhile we have a variety of outlooks on the future of the stabilization/solidification technology.

The Application and Prospect of Stabilization/Solidification Technology for Hazardous Waste in China

The number of hazardous waste in our country increased dramatically in recent years,stabilization/solidification technology begins to attract a wide spread attention by domestic scholars.Based on the domestic related literature,this paper discussed the present situation about the treatment of the solid waste using stabilization/solidification technology;meanwhile we have a variety of outlooks on the future of the stabilization/solidification technology.

Identification and hazard analysis of landslides triggered by earthquakes and rainfall

This study aims to utilize the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(SBAS-In SAR)technique and Google Earth optical remote sensing images to analyze the area within 20 km around the epicenter of a M 3.9, earthquake that occurred in Tanchang County, Gansu Province, on December 28, 2020. The objective is to identify potential earthquake-induced landslides, assess their scale, and determine their impact range. The study results reveal the successful identification of two potential landslides in the 20 km radius around the epicenter. Through time-series deformation analysis, it was observed that these potential landslides were significantly influenced by both the earthquake and rainfall. Further estimation of these potential landslides indicates maximum depths of 7.4 m and 14.1 m for the failure surfaces, with volumes of 9.02 × 10~4m~3and 25.5 ×10~4m~3, respectively. Finally, based on the simulation analysis of Massflow software, the maximum thickness of soil accumulation in the final accumulation area after sliding of the potential landslide in Shangyaai is 12 m, the area of the final accumulation area is 1.75 × 10~4m~2, and the farthest movement distance is 1124 m. The maximum thickness of soil accumulation in the final accumulation area after sliding of the potential landslide in Wangshancun is 8 m, the area of the final accumulation area is 7.89 × 10~4m~2, and the farthest movement distance is 742 m.

Enhancing Hazardous Chemical Management in Chinese University Laboratories:Strategies for Safety and Efficiency

This paper examines the management of hazardous chemicals in Chinese university laboratories,identifying key challenges and proposing improvements.It reviews current practices and safety measures,highlighting deficiencies such as inadequate safety systems and insufficient awareness among personnel.The study emphasizes the necessity of tailored safety management systems,the integration of digital tracking technologies like Radio Frequency Identification,and enhanced safety training for staff.The proposed recommendations aim to mitigate risks and enhance laboratory safety and efficiency.In conclusion,the paper asserts that a comprehensive approach,encompassing improved management systems,technological advancements,and educational initiatives,is essential for safer chemical handling in academic research environments.

鑫臻煤矿15104工作面水害隐患治理

矿井水害是制约煤矿安全高效生产的主要地质灾害,对其进行准确超前探测和疏放具有重要的工程意义。针对鑫臻煤矿15104工作面顶板含水层及上覆采空区积水的问题,采用瞬变电磁及槽波方法对疏水前后进行物探,查明工作面顶板富水异常区及内部地质构造,对物探异常区及采空区积水、含水层进行了验证及探放。结果表明,疏放水前共发现7处低阻异常区,异常区主要为上覆采空区局部积水、相对积水及顶板含水层相对富水所致;探放水钻孔涌水量变化情况表明鑫臻煤矿已疏放完工作面开采影响范围内的采空区积水,探明了工作面开采影响范围内直接充水含水层侧向动态水补给水量,为工作面涌水量预计及相似矿区的疏排水提供了依据;疏水后共发现3处低阻异常区,综合分析推断异常区主要为上覆基岩裂隙含水层局部相对富水所致,本次探放水钻孔揭露砂岩含水层侧向动态补给量及静储量均较小,对工作面防治水安全不构成影响。

大湾区给排水企业安全智能化体系建设思路探讨

为有效提升给排水企业安全管理成效,探索采用新一代信息化技术成果转化搭建给排水企业“智能化”安全管理平台,加速智能化深度融入安全生产核心业务,减少安全事故发生。结合大湾区现有给排水企业工程实践数据与信息化研究成果,从概念与框架、执行指标与子系统、建设要求3个方面分析给排水企业安全智能化体系的建设思路,介绍了政策法规合规管理、教育培训管理、安全要素管理、隐患排查管理、应急事件管理、统计分析及分级管控等子系统在施工、运营、维护等环节中的应用,对给排水企业智能化发展趋势、技术路线和发展过程中面临的挑战进行了分析,以期为给排水企业未来可持续发展提供参考。

Progress of heat-hazard treatment in deep mines

Based on the urgency of thermal hazard control in deep coal mines,we studied the status of deep thermal damage and cooling technology both at home and abroad,summarized the causes of deep thermal hazard,analysed and compared the control technologies for deep thermal hazards.The results show that the causes of deep thermal damage can be attributed to three aspects,i.e.,climate,geological and mining factors,of which the geological factors are deemed the major reasons for thermal hazards.As well,we compared a number of cooling technologies of domestic and overseas provenance,such as central air conditioning cooling technology,ice cooling technology and water cooling technology,with one other cooling technology,i.e.,the HEMS cooling technology,which has a large and important effect with its unique＂pure air＂cooling technology,realizes the utilizing of heat resources from underground to the ground.This technology makes use of heat obtained underground;thus the technology can promote low-carbon environmental economic development in coal mines,in order to achieve low- carbon coal production in China.

Highlights of Recent Scientific Earthquake Hazard Mitigation

Earthquakes are a serious natural disaster faced by countries all over the world. Research on earthquake hazard mitigation are important parts of earthquake science and is a feature of Chinas development of earthquake science. In recent years,the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the Peoples Republic of China,the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) have attached great importance to basic research on earthquake hazard mitigation,and new opportunities and challenges have emerged. This paper collects the applications and approvals of the National Key R&D Program and the NSFC projects undertaken by the research institutes of the CEA system in recent years. The CEA system has received funding in the 13th "Five-year Plan" for "Monitoring,Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster". The implementation of these projects is expected to provide support for the basic science and applied research of the CEA system. In the NSFC,the number of applications from the CEA system is relatively stable,and the funding rate is slightly higher than the average for the department of earth science. Although no detailed statistical analysis has been performed,the CEA system still has room for improvement in the application of talent and major programs. I hope that the brief review of new opportunities that have arose in recent years described in this article can provide some background and new thinking for future challenges.

Analysis of Concrete Crack Treatment Technologies in Buildings

With the continuous development of civil engineering,concrete crack treatment technology has become an important research field.This paper proposes treatment techniques for different types of cracks,including the prevention and repair of surface cracks,the reinforcement and grouting of structural cracks,and the design and construction of controlled cracks through the analysis of the causes and classification of concrete cracks.The methods and suggestions proposed in this paper are practical and can improve the quality and safety of buildings.

基于PS-InSAR技术的晋城矿区地表形变监测及地质灾害风险预警

地表形变是一种严重的地质灾害现象,不仅严重影响灾害区居民的日常生活,而且会造成巨大的社会经济危害,尤其在采煤区。针对传统地表沉陷监测方法费时费力、无法获取地表沉降面状信息、难以进行地表沉陷灾害评估的不足,基于高分辨率SAR卫星影像,利用永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术对山西省晋城市晋城矿区2018年1月至2018年12月期间地表沉陷进行监测,分析获取了该地区地表连续形变情况,并利用该技术获取的海量PS点建立支持向量机(SVM)地质灾害风险评估预警模型,对晋城矿区周边居民点地质灾害风险进行了识别和预测。结果表明:晋城矿区10个煤矿及其周边区域存在较大的地表形变;晋城矿区平均LOS向年平均地表形变速率范围为-37~30.3 mm/a;PS-InSAR技术在晋城矿区地表形变监测中具有可行性,且可以实现矿区地质灾害风险综合识别和预警。

西部矿区采动损害及减损开采的地质保障技术框架体系

【目的】煤炭在我国的主体能源地位短期内难以发生改变,是我国能源发展的兜底保障。煤炭资源大规模、高强度的开采损害煤矿区地质环境,同时导致突水、冲击地压等灾害。【方法】围绕煤矿安全高效开采面临的地质环境损害预测预警难和减损开采保障压力大等难题,基于煤炭采动损害预测与减损地质保障多学科交叉特点,突出地质条件的控灾机理和采动致灾模式,强调煤炭开采模式与地质结构演化全时空多场响应,分析采动效应下地质条件物质场、能量场、信息场的耦合机制,厘清损害模式和预警信息关键参量的映射关系,形成安全高效开采的地质保障策略和减损控灾工程技术体系。【结果和结论】研究思路为“孕灾环境→损害机制→过程响应→损害预测→防灾减损”,技术路线是“煤矿开采地质环境条件→地质结构演化规律及损害模式→多物理场演化全时空信息响应→损害监测及预测预警→减损保障工程技术”。核心内容包括:(1)剖析地质条件与致灾地质体的空间关系和成因联系,构建高精度的三维地质力学模型,阐明地质结构、开采条件和损害模式的映射关系,建立主控要素的特征参量数据库;(2)构建采动效应下的工程地质力学模型,研究开采方式、空间布局、采动速率等影响下地质条件结构的时空演化特征和损害机制,提出考虑地质体关键结构破坏演化规律的损害模式判识方法;(3)获取采动过程地质结构演化背景下的全时空多源信息响应,提出主控参量作用下的损害模式识别标准,进而厘清裂隙场、应力场、渗流场与地球物理场信息参量的镜像关系,建立基于地质条件物质场、能量场和信息场耦合响应的全时空信息映射模型;(4)构建地面-钻孔-井下的全空间、多方位、主被动的一体化多源监测体系,提出煤矿采动损害预测模型和预报方法;(5)构建基于损害源、损害模式、损害动力、损害通道剖析以及减损技术与效果评价于一体的减损控灾体系,追求煤炭安全开采与地质环境保护协调发展,破解资源开发与地质环境制约之间的矛盾,为煤矿安全高效开采和防灾减损提供地质、力学、物理基础的科学依据。

基于VR技术的危化品物流虚拟仿真实验体系设计与实践研究——以N学院为例

危化品物流对安全措施有着高等级的要求,其一线场地和设施无法面向师生开放。应用型高校将虚拟现实技术应用于危化品物流实践教学中,可解决安全壁垒问题、提高实验设施的投资效益、激发学生的学习兴趣、鼓励学生参与创新实践并拓宽社会培训路径。文章立足于宁波舟山港和石化园区对危化品物流的现实需求,系统地分析了应用型高校建设危化品物流虚拟仿真实验教学体系的设计思路与实践内容,在功能上满足了专业实验、创新研究、学科竞赛、社会培训等多元化需求,既满足了高素质应用型人才的培养要求,也为类似高校实验体系的构建提供了参考。

危险废物处置中心重金属废水处理研究

危险废物处置中心的废水中含有很多重金属离子,主要成分包括铬、铅、汞、砷等,如果不对这些重金属离子进行及时处理,这些污染物就会对环境产生不利的影响。本文针对某危险废物处置中心重金属废水的特点,采用“调节池+絮凝沉淀+A/O工艺+MBR+NF+RO”工艺开展了对重金属废水的处理试验研究,并验证其处理效果。实践证明这种处理技术在重金属废水处理中有良好的应用前景。

食品接触用纸中全氟或多氟烷基化合物的来源、限量及检测技术研究进展

全氟或多氟烷基化合物(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)是一类广泛应用于工业制品和消费品中的合成化学物质。由于其具有结构多样性和生物蓄积特性,PFASs被认定为高度关注的持久性污染物。食品接触用纸中的PFASs可能会污染食品,并危害到消费者的健康。PFASs种类多样,通常可分为聚合物和非聚合物两类,非聚合类PFASs包括全氟烷基酸(perfluoroalkyl acids,PFAAs)及其前体物,聚合物PFASs主要是全氟聚醚(perfluoropolyethers,PFPEs)和由多个PFASs聚合而成的含氟聚合物;按氟链段结构中碳原子数,PFASs分为碳原子数量大于7个的长链PFASs和短链PFASs,其中常见的全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonic acid,PFOS)、全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)是长链PFAAs,是研究和法规监管中重点关注的物质。在食品接触用纸中,PFASs来源广泛,既通过浸渍、施胶或涂层等方式有意添加以提升纸制品性能,也有制造过程残留或外部环境污染导致的非有意添加情况。污染情况在各类纸制品中普遍存在,尽管部分传统PFASs受管控,但新型PFASs及其前体物仍不断被检出,且不同国家或地区污染程度受监管力度影响。在膳食暴露方面,食品接触用纸中的PFASs可迁移至食品,经饮食摄入进入人体,迁移受温度、时间、食品性质影响,快餐类用纸在高温下使用时的风险需重点关注。多个国家和地区已对PFASs实施管控,限量要求各有不同,我国也禁止部分PFASs的生产加工使用并采用正向清单管理。检测技术包括靶向PFASs定量分析、氟含量筛查及未知PFASs非靶向分析。未来食品接触用纸中PFASs研究应更注重全面评估,结合多种分析方法,并追溯未知PFASs来源、分布与毒性危害,以完善监管法规。

虚拟仿真技术在道桥隧安全施工教学中的应用

在道路、桥梁、隧道安全施工教学中,针对一些场地稀缺、器材成本高、具有危险性的实践环节,创新地运用虚拟仿真技术对实践过程进行真实还原,建立了“道桥隧安全施工重大危险源识别与考核仿真系统”。该系统依托Unity引擎、PBR流程建模、Socket网络通信等技术,构建高度仿真的虚拟实验环境和实验对象,对道路、桥梁、隧道全流程施工中共计39个危险源进行了还原;学生在虚拟环境中开展安全的沉浸式实验,以达到教学大纲所要求的教学效果,具有安全性高、扩展性强、成本低等特点。

智能化解决方案在提升农业机械安全性中的应用

随着农业机械化的快速发展,安全问题逐渐成为制约其可持续发展的关键因素。深入探讨了农业机械在操作过程中存在的主要安全隐患,如机械意外启动、操作员误操作、靠近危险部件的风险和机械倾覆等。针对这些问题,提出了一系列智能化技术解决方案,包括紧急停止功能的智能化升级,以及智能化操作指导系统、近距离感应和自动避障系统、机械倾覆预警系统、智能监控和数据分析系统的应用。通过分析实际案例,展示了这些智能化解决方案在提升农业机械安全性、降低操作风险、增强农业生产整体安全管理能力方面的有效性。随着技术的不断进步,这些智能化解决方案将在农业机械领域发挥越来越重要的作用,为全球农业生产的安全性和效率提供强有力的保障。

含油污泥处理处置相关规范性文件分析

含油污泥是油气行业的重要废弃物,由油、水、固三相混杂而成,因含有石油烃、重金属、多环芳烃等易燃性和毒性物质而被列为危险废物,且其产量随着非常规油气资源开采占比的增加而增加。近年来,含油污泥相关的法律法规、政策指南、标准等规范性文件不断更新和发布,对处理处置技术的研发、筛选及市场推广等方面具有重要指导意义。因此,在收集整理了58份规范性文件的基础上,对比了历版《国家危险废物名录》中对含油污泥种类的划分及限定,总结了含油污泥最新分类及属性鉴别方法,归纳了国家及地方关于油气勘探开发环境保护的管理条例,分析了污染防治技术政策和危险废物环境管理指南,梳理了国家、行业和地方标准,并绘制了含油污泥处理处置技术流程图,同时给出了进一步完善规范性文件的建议。研究结果可为含油污泥的环境管理、工艺选择及处理处置技术的研发等提供参考和启发。

定向深孔探放水技术在平煤五矿的应用

为了解决平煤五矿上层煤采空区积水威胁到下层煤开采的问题,对当前采空区积水空间位置及积水量进行分析,从经济性、合理性以及时间效应三个方面对三种排水方案进行比选,分析了定向深孔探放水技术相较于常规钻孔探放水技术具有的优势,最终确定定向深孔探放水技术为最优方案。基于此,研究了定向深孔探放水技术的设计方案及施工工艺,并进行现场应用试验,同时采用了固安特封孔技术,与传统水泥浆封孔技术相比缩短了88%的封孔时间,累计排放采空区积水量近30000 m^(3),解决了己_(15)-32020采空区水害问题,掩护了巷道安全掘进。

滑坡灾害InSAR早期识别关键技术方法研究

本研究重点关注了合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术在滑坡识别方面的应用,并着重分析了InSAR技术进行滑坡识别时所遇到的典型技术难题。首先,论文分析了InSAR多视处理作为预处理关键步骤的重要性,探讨了多视因子选择在噪声抑制和空间分辨率之间的平衡问题,并获得了最佳的多视因子参数。其次,本文讨论了干涉图滤波窗口对形变提取精度的影响,发现最佳的滤波窗口可有效保留形变信息,并抑制InSAR干涉噪声,有利于滑坡隐患的准确识别。此外,本研究还发现采用InSAR干涉图层面的大气校正处理,可避免InSAR相位解缠误差的传播,并有效削弱大气噪声,提高InSAR形变提取精度。最后,本研究讨论了InSAR干涉对筛选中的长短时间基线问题,发现仅利用短时间基线干涉对较难捕捉滑坡小量级形变,而长时间基线又不可避免面临干涉失相关的挑战,因此,以短时间基线干涉对为基础,辅以一定数量的高质量长时间基线干涉对,是更为可靠的小量级运动滑坡隐患InSAR识别干涉对筛选策略。最后,研究以金沙江上游某滑坡密集区域为例,基于最优参数和对照参数组开展了实验,验证了最优参数组的有效性和适用性。上述研究成果显著深化了InSAR技术在地质灾害识别应用中的适用性和局限性,为利用InSAR技术开展滑坡灾害早期识别提供了科学的支撑,具有重要的理论和实用价值。