Cooperative Anti-Jamming and Interference Mitigation for UAV Networks: A Local Altruistic Game Approach

To improve the anti-jamming and interference mitigation ability of the UAV-aided communication systems, this paper investigates the channel selection optimization problem in face of both internal mutual interference and external malicious jamming. A cooperative anti-jamming and interference mitigation method based on local altruistic is proposed to optimize UAVs’ channel selection. Specifically, a Stackelberg game is modeled to formulate the confrontation relationship between UAVs and the jammer. A local altruistic game is modeled with each UAV considering the utilities of both itself and other UAVs. A distributed cooperative anti-jamming and interference mitigation algorithm is proposed to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium. Finally, the convergence of the proposed algorithm and the impact of the transmission power on the system loss value are analyzed, and the anti-jamming performance of the proposed algorithm can be improved by around 64% compared with the existing algorithms.

Performance analysis on channel capacity in cooperative MIMO system

Recent years, cooperative technology has taken a lot of attention since it can improve the bit error rate （BER） and lower the transmit power in radio mobile networks, especially when the direct channel between the source and the destination is poor. Cooperative multiple input multiple output （Co-lVlIMO） is a kind of MI- MO technique, where the multiple inputs and outputs are formed via cooperation. The capacity of Co-MIMO system over wireless channel has been investigated a lot, however few papers pay attention to the locations of the channel that may affect the probability distributions of the variable and the effect of antenna spatial correlation. The results can be achieved by choosing sub-channels that is not related to other sub-channels. This paper focu- ses on this problem. The simulation results show that once we search the partner we should consider trade offs cooperation get optimum system performance. It further investigates that cooperation between different terminals can reduce antenna spatial correlation, thereby increase the capacity and throughput of the system, and even reach the ideal capacity of MIMO system.

Throughput optimization for multi-channel cooperative CR under reporting channel errors

To overcome the problem of channel fading and noise uncertainty,cooperative spectrum sensing(CSS)is developed to enhance the sensing performance in cognitive radio networks(CRNs).Considering that the non-ideal reporting channels of CSS can cause an adverse impact on the detection performance,the throughput maximization problem for multi-channel CSS cognitive radio under reporting channel errors is investigated.While providing all the primary users with sufficient protection,the average throughput of secondary users(SUs)is maximized by jointly optimizing the sensing duration,detection threshold and SU assignment.To address the non-convex optimization problem,the optimal energy detection threshold is derived first.Then,a sub-optimal greedy algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal sensing duration and the optimal SU assignment.Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can output the same performance as the exhaustive search algorithm at a much lower level of complexity.It is also shown that the impact of imperfect reporting channels should be considered especially in low signal-to-noise ratio environments and the reporting channel errors significantly reduce the performance of CSS.

Outage performance of OFDM-based selective decode-and-forward cooperative networks over Weibull fading channels

The outage performance of OFDM-based decode-and-forward cooperative networks is studied. The channels are modeled as independent Weibull distributed coefficients. A closed-form expression for the outage probability is obtained for three selective relaying schemes in the Weibull fading channels and a derived optimum power allocation method based on the closed form expressions of outage probability debases the outage probability. Monte Carlo simulations verify the analytical results.

Performance analysis of partial relay selection over Nakagami-m fading channel in cooperative networks

In this paper, exact outage probability and symbol error rate （SER） expressions are derived in closed-form for dual-hop amplify-and-forward cooperative network over independent non-identically Nakagami-m fading channels. In the analysis, partial relay selection is employed. This selection scheme proposed recently is found applicable in different wireless systems such as ad hoc and sensor networks. The results are verified through comparison with Monte Carlo simulations.

COOPERATIVE ARQ PROTOCOL FOR CORRELATED WIRELESS CHANNELS

A novel Automatic repeat ReQuest (ARQ) protocol called cooperative ARQ is presented in this let-ter, where a relay terminal is requested to retransmit an erroneously received packet, instead of the source ter-minal. The data link layer Packet Error Rate (PER) performance of cooperative ARQ is derived in correlated wireless channel. The results show that even though the relay-destination channel is worse than the source-destination channel, the new protocol outperforms the traditional one as long as the average SNR of the relay-destination channel is better than a certain threshold. It is also demonstrated that a second order diversity gain can be achieved with the cooperative ARQ protocol.

Performance analysis of selection cooperative networks over asymmetric fading channels

The performances of selection cooperation are investigated over asymmetric fading channels where the source-relay and the relay-destination channels experience Nakagami-m and Rayleigh fading,respectively.Decode-and-forward(DF)protocol is adopted and the Nth best relay is selected from M available relays.Probability density function(PDF)for the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)at the destination is derived first.Then,it is used to derive the exact expressions for outage probability and average symbol error rate(SER).The results hold for arbitrary M or N.Finally,simulations are carried out to verify the correctness of our theoretical analysis and results show that M and N almost have the same effect on the performance of outage probability and SER.

THE THEORETICAL BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY SCHEME IN FREQUENCY SELECTIVE FADING CHANNEL

A novel cooperative diversity scheme based on Distributed Space-Time Block Coding and Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (DSTBC-MC-CDMA) is proposed which works well in frequency selective fading channels with multiple single-antenna users. And an analytical error model is established to describe the symbol decoding errors between interusers, based on which a close form expression for theoretical Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the scheme is derived to analyze the influence of the interuser decoding errors on the BER performance of the scheme. Then simulation is complimented to verify the analytic result above, which also shows that the BER performance of DSTBC-MC-CDMA outgoes that of non-cooperative MC-CDMA with considerable gains. Further- more, the simulations coincide with the theoretical results well.

Performance of Analysis Cognitive Radio with Cooperative Sensing under Malicious Attacks over Nakagami Faded Channels

The different realistic propagation channels are faced frequently the multipath fading environments. The main goal of this system design (cognitive radio network) is to improve the efficiency of spectrum access on a non-interfering basis. This system achieves high utilization for the limited spectrum in order to fulfill needs for all users’ demands which are considered as a problem in wireless communications due to rapidly increasing in wireless applications and service. This system is exposed to attack due to the vulnerabilities existence in this system. So, the main outcome of this paper is to investigate the performance of the cooperative sensing in cognitive radio networks under malicious attacks over different channel impairments, and to illustrate the most suitable individual probability of detection in real faded channel by using Nakagami model. This paper illustrates the effectiveness of the attacks and fading on the performance of spectrum sensing process.

JOINT ITERATIVE DECODING FOR SIMPLE-ENCODING SYSTEMATIC IRREGULAR-LDPC-BASED CODED COOPERATION IN NON-IDEAL RELAY CHANNEL

In this paper, a new kind of simple-encoding irregular systematic LDPC codes suitable for one-relay coded cooperation is designed, where the proposed joint iterative decoding is effectively performed in the destination which is in accordance with the corresponding joint Tanner graph characterizing two different component LDPC codes used by the source and relay in ideal and non-ideal relay cooperations. The theoretical analysis and simulations show that the coded cooperation scheme obviously outperforms the coded non-cooperation one under the same code rate and decoding complex. The significant performance improvement can be virtually credited to the additional mutual exchange of the extrinsic information resulted by the LDPC code employed by the source and its counterpart used by the relay in both ideal and non-ideal cooperations.

Network Coding Cooperation Performance Analysis in Wireless Network over a Lossy Channel, M Users and a Destination Scenario

Network coding (NC), introduced at the turn of the century, enables nodes in a network to combine data algebraically before either sending or forwarding them. Random network coding has gained popularity over the years by combining the received packet randomly before forwarding them, resulting in a complex Jordan Gaussian Elimination (JGE) decoding process. The effectiveness of random NC is through cooperation among nodes. In this paper, we propose a simple, low-complexity cooperative protocol that exploits NC in a deterministic manner resulting in improved diversity, data rate, and less complex JGE decoding process. The proposed system is applied over a lossy wireless network. The scenario under investigation is as follows: M users must send their information to a common destination D and to exchange the information between each others, over erasure channels;typically the channels between the users and the destination are worse than the channels between users. It is possible to significantly reduce the traffic among users and destination, achieving significant bandwidth savings, by combining packets from different users in simple, deterministic ways without resorting to extensive header information before being forwarded to the destination and the M users. The key problem we try to address is how to efficiently combine the packets at each user while exploiting user cooperation and the probability of successfully recovering information from all users at D with k < 2M unique linear equations, accounting for the fact that the remaining packets will be lost in the network and there are two transmission stages. Simulation results show the behaviour for two and three transmission stages. Our results show that applying NC protocols in two or three stages decreases the traffic significantly, beside the fact that the proposed protocols enable the system to retrieve the lost packets rather than asking for ARQ, resulting in improved data flow, and less power consumption. In fact, in some protocols the ARQ dropped from the rate 10ˉ1 to 10ˉ4, because of the proposed combining algorithm that enables the nodes to generate additional unique linear equations to broadcast rather than repeating the same ones via ARQ. Moreover, the number of the transmitted packets in each cooperative stage dropped from M (M - 1) to just M packets, resulting to 2 M packets instead 2 (M2 - 1) when three stages of transmission system are used instead of one stage (two cooperative stages).

Compressed Sensing-Based Multiuser Cooperative Networks

To avoid interference, compressed sensing is introduced into multiuser cooperative network. A cooperative compressed sensing and amplify-and-forward(CCS-AF)scheme is proposed, and it is proved that the channel capacity increases compared with the traditional cooperative scheme by considering the CCS-AF transmission matrix as the measurement matrix. Moreover, a new power allocation algorithm among the relays is proposed to improve the channel capacity. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Cooperative communication technology based on relay antenna in high-speed train scenario

The user signal quality as well as the performance of transmission link experiences severe loss due to wireless channel fading and propagation loss in high-speed railway scenario.To improve the quality at the receiving end,spatial diversity was realized by means of cooperative communication technology based on the uncorrelated characteristics of the channels.The model of mobile communication system in high-speed railway was set up,and a cooperative scheme based on statistics was proposed.Mathematical analysis and simulation results show that the quality of the received signal and the performance of the transmission link are significantly improved using cooperative communication technology compared to that in non-cooperative communication mode.

Power allocation and mode selection methods for cooperative communication in the rectangular tunnel

For the multipath fading on electromagnetic waves of wireless communication in the confined areas,the rectangular tunnel cooperative communication system was established based on the multimode channel model and the channel capacity formula derivation was obtained.On the optimal criterion of the channel capacity,the power allocation methods of both amplifying and forwarding(AF) and decoding and forwarding(DF) cooperative communication systems were proposed in the limitation of the total power to maximize the channel capacity.The mode selection methods of single input single output(SISO) and single input multiple output(SIMO) models in the rectangular tunnel,through which the higher channel capacity can be obtained,were put forward as well.The theoretical analysis and simulation comparison show that,channel capacity of the wireless communication system in the rectangular tunnel can be effectively enhanced through the cooperative technology;channel capacity of the rectangular tunnel under complicated conditions is maximized through the proposed power allocation methods,and the optimal cooperative mode of the channel capacity can be chosen according to the cooperative mode selection methods given in the paper.

Opportunistic best-relay node selection for cooperative transmission improvement over underlay cognitive radio networks

In cognitive radio (CR) relay networks,most previous work concentrates on maximizing physical layer quality of service (QoS),e.g.,spectral efficiency and achievable data rate,as relay selection criteria.However,the residual energy state of relay nodes is largely ignored,which has significant effects on the average network lifetime for those battery-limited wireless networks.In this paper,an opportunistic distributed best-relay node selection scheme is proposed for cooperative transmissions over underlay-paradigm based CR networks,and meanwhile guarantee that the primary link is provided with a minimum-rate for a certain percentage of time.The objective is to increase achievable data rate as well as prolong average network lifetime.Specifically,both the instantaneous channel state information (ICSI) and residual energy of candidate relay nodes are taken as weighted metric,and the relay node with the optimal weighted metric is selected as the best one.Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Cross-layer design of combining AMC with HARQ in cooperative relay system with perfect and imperfect CSI

A cross-layer design which combines adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer with a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol at the data link layer (LL) is presented, in cooperative relay system over Nakagami-m fading channels with perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). In order to maximize spectral efficiency (SE) under delay and packet error rate (PER) performance constraints, a state transition model and an optimization framework with perfect CSI are presented. Then the framework is extended to cooperative relay system with imperfect CSI. The numerical results show that the scheme can achieve maximum SE while satisfying transmitting delay requirements. Compared with the imperfect CSI, the average PER with perfect CSI is much lower and the spectral efficiency is much higher.

A stream layered cooperative relay multicast scheme and capacity analysis in cellular systems

It is widely believed that cooperative relay technologies can improve the throughput of multicasting in mobile cellular networks significantly, however, the mobility of the relay terrninals may cause frequent relay link outage. This paper proposes a stream layered cooperative relay scheme to deal with this problem. In order to study the characteristics of layered relay channels in the scheme, the capacity region is determined based on a single and a multi relay abstract model with streams layering. Besides, to satisfy the cellular network scenario, the results are extended to a wireless Gaussian channel model. The analysis and simulation results show that the scheme guarantees the continuity of the multicast streams, and maintains the high bandwidth of relay channel, with a slight loss on system capacity.

Single carrier frequency domain equalization and diversity combining for cooperative systems

A low-complexity single carrier frequency-domain equalizer （SC/FDE） and diversity combining method for cooperative systems with demodulate-and-forward relaying over frequency-selective channels is proposed. At the relay nodes, linear SC/FDE is adopted and normalized correlation coefficlent is mtrodueed to derive an equivalent source-to-relay-destination （S-R-D） channel that is highlighted in this study. At the destination, a joint SC/FDE and diversity combining receiver is proposed by utilizing the equivalent S-R-D channel. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed SC/FDE scheme over the straightforward SC/FDE which ignores the decisions errors at the intermediate relay nodes.

非合作水声通信辐射源个体识别初探

辐射源个体识别是非合作水声通信信号调制样式识别之后进一步获取对方通信设备固有信息的重要途径。为解决海洋信道中非合作水声通信辐射源个体识别的难题,文章对水声通信发射机性能差异进行分析,重点对水声发射机根升余弦滚降滤波器的非线性进行描述,并针对非合作水声通信信号先验信息缺失且信号具有循环平稳性的特点,提出了一种利用循环谱等值线图区分不同辐射源的个体识别方法。以二进制相移键控信号为例,进行不同滚降因子条件下循环谱特征的仿真分析。研究结果验证了当信噪比不小于3 dB时文中所提辐射源个体识别方法的可行性。