Coordinated restoration optimization of power-gas integrated energy system with mobile emergency sources

In an integrated energy system(IES) composed of multiple subsystems, energy coupling causes an energy supply blockage or shutdown in one subsystem, thereby affecting the energy flow distribution optimization of other subsystems.The energy supply should be globally optimized during the IES energy supply restoration process to produce the highest restoration net income. Mobile emergency sources can be quickly and flexibly connected to supply energy after an energy outage to ensure a reliable supply to the system, which adds complexity to the decision. This study focuses on a powergas IES with mobile emergency sources and analyzes the coupling relationship between the gas distribution system and the power distribution system in terms of sources, networks, and loads, and the influence of mobile emergency source transportation. The influence of the transient process caused by the restoration operation of the gas distribution system on the power distribution system is also discussed. An optimization model for power-gas IES restoration was established with the objective of maximizing the net income. The coordinated restoration optimization decision-making process was also built to realize the decoupling iteration of the power-gas IES, including system status recognition, mobile emergency source dispatching optimization, gas-to-power gas flow optimization, and parallel intra-partition restoration scheme optimization for both the power and gas distribution systems. A simulation test power-gas IES consisting of an 81-node medium-voltage power distribution network, an 89-node medium-pressure gas distribution network, and four mobile emergency sources was constructed. The simulation analysis verified the efficiency of the proposed coordinated restoration optimization method.

Multipath Source Self Repair Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A multipath source self repair routing (MSSRR) algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks is proposed. By using multiple paths which can be repaired by themselves to transmit packets alternately, the network's load is balanced, the link state in the network can be checked in time, the number of the times the route discovery mechanism starts is decreased. If only one route which will be broken can be used to transmit the packets, the route discovery mechanism is restarted.The algorithm is implemented on the basis of dynamic source routing (DSR). The effect of MSSRR on lifetime of the access from the source to the destination and the overhead is discussed. Compared with the performance of DSR,it can be seen that the algorithm can improve the performance of the network obviously and the overhead almost does not increase if the average hop count is larger.

Factors Influencing the Electron Yield of Needle-Ring Pulsed Corona Discharge Electron Source for Negative Ion Mobility Spectrometer

A simple negative ion mobility spectrometer （IMS） is designed and used to investi- gate the factors that influence the number and efficiency of electrons generated by the needle-ring pulsed corona discharge electron source. Simulation with Ansoft Maxwell 12 is carried out to analyze the electric field distribution within the IMS, and to offer the basis and foundation for analyzing the measurement results. The measurement results of the quantities of electrons show that when the drift electric field strength and the ring inner diameter rise, both the number of ef- fective electrons and the effective electron rate are increased. When the discharge voltage becomes stronger, the number of effective electrons goes up while the effective electron rate goes down. In light of the simulation results, mechanisms underlying the effects of drift electric field strength, ring inner diameter, and discharge voltage on the effective electron number and effective electron rate are discussed. These will make great sense for designing negative ion mode IMS using the needle-ring pulsed corona discharge as the electron source.

Analytical Modeling of Disaster-induced Load Loss for Preventive Allocation of Mobile Power Sources in Urban Power Networks

Continuous power supply of urban power networks(UPNs)is quite essential for the public security of a city because the UPN acts as the basis for other infrastructure networks.In recent years,UPN is threatened by extreme weather events.An accurate modeling of load loss risk under extreme weather is quite essential for the preventive action of UPN.Con-sidering the forecast intensity of a typhoon disaster,this paper proposes analytical modeling of disaster-induced load loss for preventive allocation of mobile power sources(MPSs)in UPNs.First,based on the topological structure and fragility model of overhead lines and substations,we establish an analytical load loss model of multi-voltage-level UPN to quantify the spatial dis-tribution of disaster-induced load loss at the substation level.Second,according to the projected load loss distribution,a preventive allocation method of MPS is proposed,which makes the best use of MPS and dispatches the limited power supply to most vulnerable areas in the UPN.Finally,the proposed meth-od is validated by the case study of a practical UPN in China.

A Critical Review of Policies for Emission Reduction of Non-road Mobile Machinery

Increasing attention is being paid to the reduction of emissions from non-road mobile machinery,and many policies to promote the reduction have been established in countries and regions around the world,including the United States,Canada,the European Union,and China.This paper reviews these policies and analyzes two successful grant programs in the USA.Depending on the findings from the research,it is suggested that the Chinese government should tighten emission standards,introduce more financial subsidies,and strengthen supervision.

Glowing discharge ion source of ion mobility spectrometry

The paper investigated a new method of analyzing perfume odors.The study adopted IMS with glow dischargeas ion source and with positive ion mode.We got the quality characteristics of perfume odors in this way without any collection and concentration process.The quality of perfume odors can be identified by IMS peak characteristics,and the characteristics of different quality of perfume also can be identified.In summary,the IMS is an effective technique in the perfume odor detection,it is also a new way of gas sample analysis.

利用MOBILE 6.2模型预测LPG出租车排放因子

针对MOBILE6.2预测天然气汽车排放因子的功能,分析了其在预测液化石油气(LPG)轻型汽车上的可行性。并根据LPG出租车汽车排放总量分析系统(VMAS)测试结果,得到所需参数,预测了实验车队的排放因子,与实测值的误差≤10%,表明MOBILE6.2预测LPG轻型汽车排放因子具有良好的适用性。

利用MOBILE6.2模型预测高速公路路段综合排放因子

采用美国环保局(EPA)的MOBILE6.2模型,结合滨州市的实际情况,对滨州市的两个高速公路站,黄河大桥站和无棣站,通过车辆数目、车型进行统计分析,从而得到两个高速公路站点排放因子数据,其计算结果能为高速公路机动车污染控制提供依据,同时也提出了一种新的使用模型来计算高速公路路段排放因子的方法。

Experimental evaluation of an on-demand multipath routing protocol for video transmission in mobile ad hoc networks

We propose an on-demand multipath routing algorithm in a mobile ad hoc network for video transmission and evaluate its real world performance in video streaming application. There have been a number of multipath routing protocols extended from AODV which is a well-known single path routing protocol. Multipath routing protocols indicate good performance in the reduction of route discovery latency and unnecessary routing packets in simulations. We show that the route establishment using source route lists provided by us (Hu and Johnson, 2002) can reduce the route discovery latency, select stable routes automatically, and work well for live video streaming without limitation of the hop count based approaches. We evaluate this proposed method compared with the original AODV by using eight laptop PCs and demonstrate live streaming experiments.

Relative Contribution of Different Source Categories to Ozone Exceedances in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Area

The goal of this study is to analyze the relative contribution of different emission source categories to ozone in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) area of Texas. Emission Processing System (EPS3) is used to prepare the emission files for five different source combination cases (Base case, Biogenic, Area + Biogenic, Mobile + Biogenic, Low-level Point + Biogenic). These emission files are used to perform photochemical modeling with Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx), and the results are analyzed with Visual Environment for Rich Data Interpretation (VERDI) tool. The daily maximum ozone concentrations and individual contributions of the source categories were analyzed over a 15-day study period between June 1-15, 2012, at three locations (University of Houston-Sugarland, Bayland Park and Conroe). Biogenic sources contributed an average of 49.7% ± 12.8%, 43.1% ± 12.0%, and 39.9% ± 9.28% at Sugarland, Bayland Park and Conroe sites respectively, indicating the significance of isoprene emissions from the vegetation in northeast Houston. On peak ozone days, contribution of Mobile + Biogenic source category averages about 80.1% ± 12.6%, 79.9% ± 6.50%, and 75.9% ± 10.9% at Sugarland, Bayland Park and Conroe sites respectively, indicating the dominance of mobile source NOX emissions and the necessity for regulatory focus on mobile source emissions control.

The Relevance of Web Mapping Infrastructures in a Web Portal for Desktop and Mobile Devices: A Case Study

There exists a lack of detailed empirical studies to assess the relevance of WebMapping applications. Despite this fact, it is quite common to note that importance and influence of WebMapping applications have increased over the last years. This paper presents the result of an empirical study to analyze the importance of a Desktop-WebMapping application for a gastronomic web 2.0 portal for the city of Osnabrück. An exploratory focus is to evaluate how often geospatial information (in a broader information context) from this web portal is used and how important the WebMapping applications are for the users of the web portal. Furthermore, it is evaluated which WebMapping functions (e.g. routing, queries, printing) are of relevance to the users and what the order of importance is for the provided functions. To-date, just a few mobile WebMapping applications for handheld devices exist. Consequently, for OsnaGo we developed a mobile WebMapping component that can be used with mobile phones, PDAs and other handheld devices to access the web portal (http://www.osnago-mobil.de). Development and user based evaluation is presented in this paper.

Recent advances and perspectives towards emission inventories of mobile sources:Compilation approaches,data acquisition methods,and case studies

In recent years,great efforts have been devoted to reducing emissions from mobile sources with the dramatic growth of motor vehicle and nonroad mobile source populations.Compilation of a mobile source emission inventory is conducive to the analysis of pollution emission characteristics and the formulation of emission reduction policies.This study summarizes the latest compilation approaches and data acquisition methods for mobile source emission inventories.For motor vehicles,a high-resolution emission inventory can be developed based on a bottom-up approach with a refined traffic flow model and real-world speed-coupled emission factors.The top-down approach has advantages when dealing with macroscale vehicle emission estimation without substantial traffic flow infrastructure.For nonroad mobile sources,nonroad machinery,inland river ships,locomotives,and civil aviation aircraft,a top-down approach based on fuel consumption or power is adopted.For ocean-going ships,a bottom-up approach based on automatic identification system(AIS)data is adopted.Three typical cases are studied,including emission reduction potential,a cost-benefit model,and marine shipping emission control.Outlooks and suggestions are given on future research directions for emission inventories for mobile sources:building localized emission models and factor databases,improving the dynamic updating capability of emission inventories,establishing a database of emission factors of unconventional pollutants and greenhouse gas from mobile sources,and establishing an urban high temporalspatial resolution volatile organic compound(VOC)evaporation emission inventory.

Atmospheric gaseous aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern China based on mobile measurements:Spatial distribution,secondary formation potential and source apportionment

Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(MAHs)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are both well known as hazardous air pollutants and also important anthropogenic precursors of tropospheric ozone(O3)and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,there have been intensive studies covering MAHs emission from various sources and their behavior under stimulated photochemical conditions.Yet in-situ measurements of PAHs presence and variations in ambient air are sparse.Herein we conducted large geometrical scale mobile measurements for 16 aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs,including 7 MAHs and 9 PAHs)in eastern China between October 27 and November 8,2019.This unique dataset has allowed for some insights in terms of AHs concentration variations,accompanying chemical composition,source contributions and spatial distributions in eastern China.In general,AHs showed a clear concentration variability between the south and the north of the Yangtze River Delta(YRD).The concentrations of PAHs were approximately 9%of AHs,but contributed 23%of SOA formation potential.Source apportionment via positive matrix factorization(PMF)model revealed that industrial processes as the largest source(44%)of observed AHs,followed by solvent usage(21%),vehicle exhaust(19%),coal combustion(11%)and coking processes(6%).In the perspective of PAHs sources,coal combustion emissions were identified as the dominating factor of a share of 41%–52%in eastern China.Our findings complemented the simultaneously monitoring information of PAHs and MAHs in eastern China,revealed the importance of PAHs to SOA formation and highlighted the necessity of formulating strategies to reduce emissions from anthropogenic sources and reduce risks to human health.

428XL仪器SOURCE-PLUS手机版井炮无线源驱动系统的应用

SHOTPRO爆炸机源驱动放炮系统存在着早期SHOTPRO译码器1.07以前版本没有源驱动功能,在复杂地区存在信号不稳定,采点难等问题,极大地限制了该系统广泛使用。SOURCE-PLUS很好地解决了这一问题。本文主要介绍了SOURCE-PLUS的硬件连接、组成原理和功能、仪器和编码器参数设置、系统TB测试以及使用方法。该系统在华北物探处2324队优质高效成功应用,表明SOURCE-PLUS是目前替代源驱动系统的新一代井炮无线源驱动系统。

“洗牌”开始——专访Palm Source 总裁兼首席执行官David Nagel

新潮电子(以下简称EF):微软近日发布了Windows Mobile 5.0，您认为Palm OS与Windows Mobile 5．0之间会有怎么样的关系?

基于移动通信网络的多终端类型SCADA系统

广泛应用于工业领域的SCADA系统具有多种实现方式。介绍了一种基于移动通信网络,适用于多种终端类型的SCADA系统。主站由云服务器、数据库和SCADA软件构成。终端站由现场数据源和数据传输单元构成。现场数据源包括可编程逻辑控制器、数据采集器和组态软件等多种类型,采用标准通信协议通过数据传输单元接入互联网并与主站建立通信,实现主站对终端站的数据采集。系统具有高可靠、低成本和易扩展的特点,对SCADA系统建设的方案选择和技术实现具有参考价值。

北天山流动重力测网场源分辨能力

利用球面六面体单元网络模型建立不同分辨率的重力异常扰动模型检测板,基于北天山地区实际地表流动重力测点分布,进行设定场源异常体的等效源反演恢复,进而评估北天山流动重力测网场源分辨能力。结果表明,在假设地下10 km处存在密度差为±1×10^(-3)g/cm^(3)的场源异常体情况下,北天山重力测网具备0.75°×0.75°及以上场源异常体识别能力;测网中大部分地区具备0.5°×0.5°场源异常体识别能力;测点分布较密集的少部分地区具备0.25°×0.25°场源异常体识别能力。最后,综合考虑北天山测网现有网形、地形、交通条件等因素,给出测网最佳优化方案。

基于卷积神经网络的移动机器人声源定位方法综述

听觉系统是机器人感知周围环境信息的重要途径之一,精准有效地进行声源定位,可极大提高移动机器人的感知与决策能力。将声源定位应用于危险环境救援与巡检具有重要工程意义。随着深度学习的广泛应用,引入卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks, CNNs)的声源定位效果显著改善。将移动机器人声源定位研究从网络架构与改进、声音特征类型、数据仿真与增强,以及多模态信息融合四个角度进行综合对比及分析,并对技术的应用提出思考与展望。

济南市柴油型移动源排放颗粒物中碳组分特征和排放量估算

为了识别济南市柴油型移动源排放颗粒物中碳组分特征,采用稀释通道采样器于2021年采集了柴油货车和工程机械尾气排放颗粒物,并对汽油车尾气一并采集对比,分析了尾气排放颗粒物质量浓度和其中的碳组分。结果表明,柴油型移动源排放颗粒物质量浓度明显高于汽油车,且以细颗粒物为主,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)数值几乎接近于1.0,其中柴油货车排放颗粒物质量浓度高于工程机械,且随车型增大排放颗粒物质量浓度增大,重型柴油载货车排放PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)质量浓度最大,分别为4.56×10~4μg·m^(-3)和4.71×10~4μg·m^(-3)。柴油货车PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)排放因子范围分别为8.90-21.8 mg·km^(-1)和9.40-22.5 mg·km^(-1),工程机械中破碎机颗粒物排放因子略大于挖掘机,破碎机PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)排放因子分别为0.12 g·kW^(-1)·h^(-1)和0.14 g·kW^(-1)·h^(-1),挖掘机排放因子分别为0.10 g·kW^(-1)·h^(-1)和0.11 g·kW^(-1)·h^(-1)。碳组分为柴油型移动源排放颗粒物的主要成分,其中工程机械排放总碳(TC)在颗粒物中占比约为66.0%,大于柴油货车的占比41.5%(PM_(2.5))和45.5%(PM_(10))。根据有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)在尾气排放颗粒物占比分析可知,柴油货车排放以OC为主,而工程机械排放EC高且为柴油货车2倍多。汽油车与柴油货车OC中占比最高的碳组分相同,均为OC2,而工程机械为OC1。EC2为柴油型移动源排放EC的主要组分,车型最大的重型柴油载货车排放EC2占比最大,分别为20.7%(PM_(2.5))和21.8%(PM_(10)),但汽油车跟柴油货车不同,EC1为汽油车排放主要碳组分。基于2021年济南市柴油货车和工程机械保有量,对城市柴油型移动源碳组分排放量进行了估算,发现柴油型移动源尾气排放PM_(10)中碳组分排放量高于PM_(2.5),工程机械尾气中碳组分排放量高于柴油货车,因此应加快推进机动车新能源化的发展以及工程机械的清洁化发展。

阿勒泰市移动源排放清单及时空分布特征

通过“自上而下”调查方式获取移动源活动水平,采用排放因子法建立了阿勒泰市移动源排放清单,并进行移动源排放的时空特征分析和清单不确定性分析。结果表明,2021年阿勒泰市移动源9种大气污染物排放总量,CO为669.12 t,NO_(x)为617.92 t,SO_(2)为29.85 t,NH_(3)为32.61 t,VOCs为136.35 t,PM_(2.5)为35.74 t,PM_(10)为38.06 t,BC为20.33 t,OC为6.41 t。其中,CO、SO_(2)、NH_(3)、VOCs主要来源于载客汽车,贡献率均超过40%;NO_(x)主要来源于农业机械和载货汽车,贡献率均超过30%;PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、BC、OC主要来源于农业机械,贡献率均超过75%。时空分布特征表现为6—8月排放量最高,人口密集的市区排放量高于其他区域。移动源9种污染物排放清单不确定性均在−39.23%~56.27%以内,本清单计算结果相对可靠。