Calculation of Mass Concrete Temperature Containing Cooling Water Pipe Based on Substructure and Iteration Algorithm

Mathematical physics equations are often utilized to describe physical phenomena in various fields of science and engineering.One such equation is the Fourier equation,which is a commonly used and effective method for evaluating the effectiveness of temperature control measures for mass concrete.One important measure for temperature control in mass concrete is the use of cooling water pipes.However,the mismatch of grids between large-scale concrete models and small-scale cooling pipe models can result in a significant waste of calculation time when using the finite element method.Moreover,the temperature of the water in the cooling pipe needs to be iteratively calculated during the thermal transfer process.The substructure method can effectively solve this problem,and it has been validated by scholars.The Abaqus/Python secondary development technology provides engineers with enough flexibility to combine the substructure method with an iteration algorithm,which enables the creation of a parametric modeling calculation for cooling water pipes.This paper proposes such a method,which involves iterating the water pipe boundary and establishing the water pipe unit substructure to numerically simulate the concrete temperature field that contains a cooling water pipe.To verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method,two classic numerical examples were analyzed.The results showed that this method has good applicability in cooling pipe calculations.When the value of the iteration parameterαis 0.4,the boundary temperature of the cooling water pipes can meet the accuracy requirements after 4∼5 iterations,effectively improving the computational efficiency.Overall,this approach provides a useful tool for engineers to analyze the temperature control measures accurately and efficiently for mass concrete,such as cooling water pipes,using Abaqus/Python secondary development.

A p-version embedded model for simulation of concrete temperature fields with cooling pipes

Pipe cooling is an effective method of mass concrete temperature control, but its accurate and convenient numerical simulation is still a cumbersome problem. An improved embedded model, considering the water temperature variation along the pipe, was proposed for simulating the temperature field of early-age concrete structures containing cooling pipes. The improved model was verified with an engineering example. Then, the p-version self-adaption algorithm for the improved embedded model was deduced, and the initial values and boundary conditions were examined. Comparison of some numerical samples shows that the proposed model can provide satisfying precision and a higher efficiency. The analysis efficiency can be doubled at the same precision, even for a large-scale element. The p-version algorithm can fit grids of different sizes for the temperature field simulation. The convenience of the proposed algorithm lies in the possibility of locating more pipe segments in one element without the need of so regular a shape as in the explicit model.

Pumpability of Manufactured Sand Self-compacting Concrete

By the addition of superplasticizer and air entraining agent,manufactured sand selfcompacting concrete(MS SCC)with slump flow varying from 500 to 700 mm and air content varying from 2.0%to 9.0%were prepared and the pumpability of MS SCC was studied by a sliding pipe rheometer(Sliper).According to the Kaplan’s model,the initial pump pressure and the pump resistance of MS SCC were obtained.Meanwhile,rheological properties including the yield stress and the plastic viscosity of MS SCC were measured by a rheometer.The experimental results show that the increase of slump flow contributes to a higher pumpability and a proper air content,i e,6%is beneficial for the pumpability of MS SCC.Due to the existence of stone powder and stronger angularity of MS,the initial pump pressure of MS SCC is only about 60%-88%that of river sand(RS)SCC with the same slump flow and air content,indicating that MS SCC possesses a higher pumpability than RS SCC.

Lateral compression and energy absorption of foamed concrete-filled polyethylene circular pipe as yielding layer for high geo-stress soft rock tunnels

Foamed concrete as energy absorption material for high geo-stress soft rock tunnels has been proven to be feasible due to its high compressibility and lightweight.However,the lengthy curing and defoaming problems caused by the cast-in-place method of large-volume foamed concrete remain unsolved.In this study,we propose a novel energy absorber composed of foamed concrete-filled polyethylene(FC-PE)pipe and analyze its deformation and energy absorption capacity via quasi-static lateral compression experiments.Results show that FC-PE pipes exhibit typical three-stage deformation characteristics,comprising the elastic stage,the plastic plateau,and the densification stage.Furthermore,the plateau stress,energy absorption,and specific energy absorption of the specimens are 0.81–1.91 MPa,164–533 J,and 1.4–3.6 J/g,respectively.As the density of the foamed concrete increases,the plateau stress and energy absorption increase significantly.Conversely,the length of the plastic plateau and energy absorption efficiency decrease.Moreover,based on the vertical slice method,progressive compression of core material,and the 6 plastic hinges deformation mechanism of the pipe wall,a theoretical calculation method for effective energy absorption is established and achieves good agreement with experimental results,which is beneficial to the optimization of the composite structure.

Experimental study on mechanical property of stiffening-ribbed-hollow-pipe cast-in place reinforced concrete girderless floor

Stiffening-ribbed-hollow-pipe cast-in place reinforced concrete girderless floor is a new-style hollow girderless floor system. Model experimental researches of simply-supported floor and four-corners bearing floor have been done on this new kind of floor system in this paper. The experiment results show that the floor system has good mechanical property such as high bearing capacity, big rigidity and good tensility. A theoretical method is presented in this paper that the stiffening-ribbed-hollow-pipe girderless floor can be analyzed by being converted equivalently to orthotropic solid slab. It is indicated that the method is correct and reasonable according to the contrast between theoretical calculated results and experimental measured results. The theoretical results coincide with the measured results well.

Thermal field in water pipe cooling concrete hydrostructures simulated with singular boundary method

The embedded water pipe system is often used as a standard cooling technique during the construction of large-scale mass concrete hydrostructures. The prediction of the temperature distribution considering the cooling effects of embedded pipes plays an essential role in the design of the structure and its cooling system. In this study, the singular boundary method, a semi-analytical meshless technique, was employed to analyze the temperature distribution. A numerical algorithm solved the transient temperature field with consideration of the effects of cooling pipe specification, isolation of heat of hydration, and ambient temperature. Numerical results are verified through comparison with those of the finite element method, demonstrating that the proposed approach is accurate in the simulation of the thermal field in concrete structures with a water cooling pipe.

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Welded Joints in Arch Ribs of Large Span Steel Pipe Arch Bridges

In order to study the residual stress distribution law of welded joints of arch ribs of large-span steel pipe concrete arch bridges,numerical simulation of temperature,stress and strain fields based on ABAQUS for welded joints of arch-ribbed steel tubes using 7-,8-and 9-layer welds is carried out and its accuracy is demonstrated.The steel pipe welding temperature changes,residual stress distribution,different processes residual stress changes in the law,the prediction of post-weld residual stress distribution and deformation are studied in this paper.The results show that the temperature field values and test results are more consistent with the accuracy of numerical simulation of welding,the welding process is mainly in the form of heat transfer;Residual high stresses are predominantly distributed in the Fusion zone(FZ)and Heat-affected zone(HAZ),with residual stress levels tending to decrease from the center of the weld along the axial path,the maximum stress appears in the FZ and HAZ junction;The number of welding layers has an effect on the residual stress distribution,the number of welding layers increases,the residual stress tends to decrease,while the FZ and HAZ high stress area range shrinks;Increasing the number of plies will increase the amount of residual distortion.

Influence of erosion voids and traffic loads on buried large-diameter reinforced concrete pipes

Geotechnical centrifuge tests were conducted to examine the influence of invert voids and surface traffic loads on 1400 mm diameter reinforced concrete pipes buried with a shallow soil cover depth of 700 mm.Void formation beneath the pipe was simulated during centrifuge testing.The test results revealed that before void formation,the surface load directly above the middle of the pipe caused a significant increase in not only the circumferential bending moments but also the longitudinal bending moments,the latter of which was considerable and could not be ignored.Void formation beneath the middle of the pipe led to a reduction in both the circumferential bending moments and longitudinal bending moments at all measuring positions,i.e.,crown,springline,and invert.The most significant reduction occurred at the invert,and there was even a reversal in the sign of the invert longitudinal bending moment.A comparison was made between centrifuge tests with erosion voids and surface loads at different horizontal positions,which had a marked influence even when the positions differed by half a pipe length.Joint rotation played an important role in relieving large bending moments of pipe barrels in a jointed pipeline when the void and surface load were located at the joint.

高强钢管超高性能混凝土短柱轴压承载力性能试验研究

为研究高强钢管内填超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能,该文设计22根高强钢管UHPC短柱进行轴压试验,从破坏模式、荷载-纵向应变关系对试件的轴压性能进行对比分析,旨在通过径厚比、混凝土强度、截面类型等变化来探究高强钢管UHPC短柱的实际承载力性能差异.试验结果表明:高强钢管UHPC短柱的轴压性能受径厚比、混凝土强度影响较大;试件承载力随钢管壁厚增加而增加,但相同钢管直径和不同钢管直径增幅呈现不同规律.该文从延性、核心混凝土强度提高程度两个角度进行分析并提出高强钢管混凝土试件的相关参数设计建议.最后,将高强钢管UHPC短柱的轴压试验承载力结果与国内外规范GB 50936—2014、AIJ计算承载力结果进行对比,并基于极限平衡理论推导出高强圆钢管UHPC试件的轴压承载力计算公式,同时结合该文试验数据对其进行验证,证明了公式的准确性.

新型波纹管连接方钢管混凝土拼接柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究一种新型波纹管连接方钢管混凝土拼接柱的抗震性能,以不同节点配筋率、不同节点锚固长度和轴压比为主要研究变量,对1个整浇柱和4个装配柱进行低周往复加载试验。研究分析了整浇柱与装配柱在破坏模式、滞回性能、位移延性等方面的抗震性能差异。结果表明:装配柱与整浇柱破坏模式类似,采用不同节点构造的装配柱与整浇柱在滞回曲线、骨架特性和刚度退化等方面差异不大,装配柱的耗能性能优于整浇柱。各装配柱极限位移角为1/16.7~1/25,满足规范设计要求。在较大轴压比下,装配柱的承载力提升,延性降低。在较大位移角下,装配柱节点抗震性能受焊缝质量的影响较大,建议实际工程中加强焊接质量管理,以保证构件具有足够的变形能力。

轴力对预应力高强混凝土管桩抗震性能的影响

目的研究轴力和往复荷载作用下预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,为预应力高强混凝土管桩的设计和实际工程应用提供参考依据。方法应用ABAQUS有限元软件对预应力高强混凝土管桩进行有限元模拟,并与已有试验结果对比,两者吻合良好,验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,研究轴压比和有无普通钢筋及普通钢筋直径对预应力高强混凝土管桩滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、延性及耗能能力的影响。结果配置普通钢筋可以提高预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力和延性,对刚度影响不大;随着轴压比的增加,预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力逐渐提高,但延性变差,轴压比为0.45时,预应力高强混凝土管桩发生脆性破坏。结论配置普通钢筋可以有效改善预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,预应力高强混凝土管桩的轴压比不宜超过0.3。

JCCP三点法外压荷载试验与模拟研究

为验证顶进施工法用钢筒混凝土顶管(JCCP)的承载能力,对JCCP进行了三点法外压荷载试验,并采用ABAQUS有限元软件对试验过程进行了模拟,研究了裂缝产生、扩展过程,并对其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:底部支撑梁的圆弧转角及其与管体的接触特性对JCCP裂缝的发展和承载能力有显著的影响,有限元模拟时应考虑这些因素。

新型装配式环氧树脂混凝土地下综合管廊结构优化分析

本文设计了一种新型装配式地下综合管廊的结构形式,并将全新配比的环氧树脂混凝土材料作为结构材料应用于装配式地下综合管廊结构,可显著提高地下结构的抗渗性和耐腐蚀性;应用于实际中可有效降低地下综合管廊的维修率,全寿命周期成本大幅度降低。同时,本文借助有限元软件分析了不同跨度、不同板厚、不同预应力筋数量等参数对结构的变形及受力性能的影响。研究结果表明:综合管廊跨径、底板厚度、预应力筋数量是影响结构受力和变形的重要参数,在实际设计中应综合考虑以上影响因素,对综合管廊进行优化设计,以达到结构受力合理,材料用量最省的目的。

大体积混凝土入仓温度控制及水管冷却优化技术研究

基于混合料温度计算公式,计算了预冷各种原材料对混凝土的降温效果,确定了符合目标入仓温度要求的原材料冷却方案。在16℃入仓温度条件下,对大体积混凝土进行了Midas有限元模拟,分析了不同仓层厚度、不同冷却水管布置参数对温度峰值和温度场的影响。原材料降温计算结果显示,预冷骨料降温1℃时混凝土降温0.77℃,耗能1823 kJ,制冷水降温1℃,混凝土降温0.18℃,耗能419 kJ。温度场模拟结果显示,仓层厚度为3.0 m时,混凝土温度峰值最大,不布置冷却水管时为46.4℃,布置单层冷却水管(水管距离1.5 m)时为42.3℃。当冷却水管垂直间距减小至1.0 m时,温度峰值为40.0℃,水平距离减小至1.0 m时温度峰值为41.5℃,水管层数增加后,温度峰值区范围明显减小。结果表明,骨料降温至10℃,制冷水降温至4℃,可在全年实现入仓温度不超过16℃。混凝土内温度峰值随仓层厚度减小略有减小,但整体降幅较小,合理仓层厚度在2.5~3.0 m。减小仓层厚度和布置冷却水管的降温效果是线性叠加的。水管间距、层数对温度峰值影响较小,但可明显影响温度峰值区的范围。最优温控方案为:浇筑仓层厚度3.0 m,设置两层冷却水管,水平间距1.5 m,垂直间距1.0 m。

带对穿螺栓矩形钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力计算方法研究

设置对穿螺栓可以提高钢管混凝土短柱的力学性能,以试件同参数的ANSYS模型为原始算例,研究对穿螺栓的直径和纵向间距、套箍系数、宽厚比、长宽比、材料强度等参数对其轴压力学性能的影响。结果表明:设置对穿螺栓可以提高钢管对核心混凝土的约束效应,核心混凝土的应力分布表现为以对穿螺栓为分界线形成两个有效约束区,且四个角部的应力值最大;随着对穿螺栓纵向间距的减小、直径的增大,试件的承载力、变形能力、延性提高;试件承载力可随着套箍系数的增加、宽厚比的减小、材料强度的增强有小幅度提高。提出带对穿螺栓矩形钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力的计算方法,得到的计算值和试验值吻合良好,该方法还同样适用于带约束拉杆矩形钢管混凝土短柱承载力计算,计算过程简便且准确度高。

PCCP管芯混凝土防裂控裂技术研究进展

预应力钢筒混凝土管(PCCP)在我国引调水工程中发挥着重要作用,PCCP运行的安全性对水资源的配置至关重要,关系国计民生。当管芯混凝土内表面产生有害裂缝后,在水压力的作用下会引起内管芯混凝土破坏,导致钢筒被锈蚀,形成安全隐患,因此,针对管芯内壁混凝土裂缝预防和控制的研究对水资源的合理利用具有重大意义。为了预防和减少PCCP内壁出现有害裂缝,根据国内外学者的研究成果,概述了PCCP管芯内壁混凝土裂缝的种类和形式,即纵向裂缝、螺旋裂缝和插口端裂缝;总结了干燥收缩、沉降收缩、温度收缩、焊缝、缠丝应力、吊装运输等因素与PCCP内壁混凝土裂缝的关系;分别从PCCP设计、原材料、配合比、养护制度、焊缝、钢筒、插口和裂缝自愈合、纤维增强材料等方面总结了PCCP管芯内壁裂缝的预防和控制方法。最后,对PCCP管芯混凝土内壁裂缝的控制和预防进行了展望,为继续研究提供思路。

软土地层大直径钢筋混凝土顶管上浮失稳研究

软土地层是顶管施工中较难处理的一类地层,由于土体强度低、压缩量大,易发生管节失稳事故。为研究软土地层大直径钢筋混凝土顶管在失稳发展过程中的受力特性,依托武汉汤逊湖污水处理尾水排江穿湖段顶管工程,对管节轴向应变进行了现场监测。研究了测试管节在穿越上浮失稳区域时的受力情况,分析了管节上浮失稳机理。提出了一种管节上浮失稳判定方法,并对现场所采取的上浮失稳处理措施进行了总结。结果表明:在软土地层中,顶进力、注浆压力、浮力和管节偏转角是引起管节上浮失稳的主要因素。当局部管节上浮时,管节底部将出现应力集中,且随着顶进的进行,上浮量和上浮区域逐渐增加。

含冷管的大体积混凝土水化热控制措施研究

影响大体积混凝土承台水化热温度的因素有很多,其中影响较为明显的有冷却水管的直径、材质以及冷却水的入流温度、流速等。为了探究这些因素的对水化热的实际影响,以虎箐丫口特大桥为工程背景,通过有限元模型计算来探究各项因素对该桥承台的影响,结果表明:冷却水管的直径及冷却水的入流温度对水化热影响较大,且呈正相关,但为了考虑其经济性及可行性,选择0.03 m直径及20℃入流温度最佳。冷却水流速、冷却水管的材质及布置方式虽然对水化热温度的影响较小,但选择合理的方案可有助于减小承台内部的温度梯度。研究结果对预应力混凝土刚构桥承台的水化热温控方案具有指导意义。

公路工程不同软基处治技术碳排放分析及降碳对策研究

为研究不同软基处治技术的碳排放水平,基于生命周期理论开展就地固化、预应力管桩、泡沫混凝土技术建设期碳排放核算研究,对碳排放贡献突出因素进行分析。研究结果表明,就地固化技术碳排放强度最小,为0.05 t·m^(-3),泡沫混凝土次之,为0.30 t·m^(-3),预应力管桩最大,为1.61 t·m^(-3)。对三种软基处治技术碳排放影响最大的因素均是材料生产碳排,占93%以上。同时,从固废利用、智能管理、能源升级、生命周期降碳角度提出软基施工降碳建议。研究结果可为中国软土地区公路建设低碳技术选用及低碳建设管理提供支撑。

高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土配制技术

根据重庆某钢管拱桥结构特征与“泵送顶升压注法”施工工艺特点,提出了高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土性能需求。针对高强与超高工作性的矛盾问题,通过配合比参数优化、骨料优化、矿物掺合料复掺优化、外加剂复配优化和配合比综合优化等技术,配制出初始坍落度≥260 mm、扩展度≥600 mm、倒坍落度筒流出时间≤8 s、4 h工作性基本无损失、强度等级达C60以上的钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土,形成了高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土的配制技术,为工程实际施工提供了良好的技术支撑。