Geochemistry and origins of hydrogen-containing natural gases in deep Songliao Basin,China:Insights from continental scientific drilling

The different reservoirs in deep Songliao Basin have non-homogeneous lithologies and include multiple layers with a high content of hydrogen gas.The gas composition and stable isotope characteristics vary significantly,but the origin analysis of different gas types has previously been weak.Based on the geochemical parameters of gas samples from different depths and the analysis of geological settings,this research covers the diverse origins of natural gas in different strata.The gas components are mainly methane with a small amount of C_(2+),and non-hydrocarbon gases,including nitrogen(N_(2)),hydrogen(H_(2)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and helium(He).At greater depth,the carbon isotope of methane becomes heavier,and the hydrogen isotope points to a lacustrine sedimentary environment.With increasing depth,the origins of N_(2)and CO_(2)change gradually from a mixture of organic and inorganic to inorganic.The origins of hydrogen gas are complex and include organic sources,water radiolysis,water-rock(Fe^(2+)-containing minerals)reactions,and mantle-derived.The shales of Denglouku and Shahezi Formations,as source rocks,provide the premise for generation and occurrence of organic gas.Furthermore,the deep faults and fluid activities in Basement Formation control the generation and migration of mantle-derived gas.The discovery of a high content of H_(2)in study area not only reveals the organic and inorganic association of natural-gas generation,but also provides a scientific basis for the exploration of deep hydrogen-rich gas.

Scientists Clarify the Origins of Lunar Metallic Iron

Metallic iron nanoparticles(npFe0)are widespread on the Moon,and their accumulation changes the optical spectra of the lunar surface over time.How the surface color changes largely depends on the size of npFe0:smaller npFe0 reddens the reflectance spectra,while larger npFe0 causes darkening.The resultant color variations greatly complicate remote sensing studies,posing long-term puzzles to astronomers.

Overpressure origins and evolution in deep-buried strata:A case study of the Jurassic Formation,central Junggar Basin,western China

Overpressure is significant to the exploration and exploitation of petroleum due to its influence on hydrocarbon accumulation and drilling strategies.The deep-burial hydrocarbon reservoirs of Jurassic strata in the central Junggar Basin are characterized by intensive overpressure,whose origins are complex and still unclear.In this study,Bowers'method and sonic velocity-density crossplot method based on well logging data were used as a combination for overpressure judgements in geophysics.Furthermore,the corresponding geological processes were analysed in quality and quantity to provide a rational comprehension of the overpressure origins and the model of overpressure evolution and hy-drocarbon accumulation processes.The results showed that hydrocarbon generation in the Jurassic source rocks led to overpressure in the mudstones,while hydrocarbon generation in Permian source rocks led to overpressure in the sandstone reservoirs in Jurassic strata by vertical pressure transfer.The burial and thermal history indicated that the aquathermal effect of pore fluids by temperature increase in deep strata is also an important origin of overpressure,while disequilibrium compaction may not be the dominant cause for the overpressure in deep-buried strata.Furthermore,the continuous tectonic compression in both the north-south and west-east trends from the Jurassic period to the present may also have enhanced the overpressure in deep strata.Meanwhile,the developed faults formed by intensive tectonic compression led to pressure transfer from source rocks to the Jurassic reservoirs.Overpressured geofluids with hydrocarbons migrated to sandstone reservoirs and aggravated the over-pressure in the Jurassic strata.To conclude,the intensive overpressure in the central Junggar Basin is attributed to the combination of multiple mechanisms,including hydrocarbon generation,the aqua-thermal effect,tectonic compression and pressure transfer.Furthermore,the developed overpressure indicated hydrocarbon migration and accumulation processes and the potential of oil and gas reservoirs in deeply buried strata.We hope this study will provide a systematic research concept for overpressure origin analysis and provide guidance for petroleum exploration and exploitation in deep-buried strata.

基于Origin的土遗址防雨水侵蚀调控机理研究——以晋阳古城西城墙为例

【目的】通过Origin软件分析,了解晋阳古城西城墙裸土土遗址与草本植物覆盖土遗址的防雨水侵蚀机理及最终效果。【方法】通过Origin软件分析原位人工模拟降雨实验数据的方法,对比植物生长状况对土遗址坡面产流、产沙效果的影响作用。【结果】产流前降雨截留量Q_(0)与新生草产流起始时间T_(0)呈负相关,且Q_(0)遵循枯草>新生草>裸土;新生草产沙系数C_(sy)、产沙强度I_(sy)与降雨强度呈显著正相关,产流、产沙效果遵循规律为裸土>枯草>新生草;裸露土遗址通过形成泥皮面层的方式,保证土体内部少受雨水浸润,适用于干旱气候区;草本植物通过强化土遗址抗冲性,减少土体表面冲刷,适用于半干旱半湿润气候区。【结论】Origin软件分析证实,草本植物提高土遗址抗冲性效果显著,草本植物覆盖土遗址现象利于山西本地土遗址保护,但当极端持续强降雨发生在9-10月间时,草本植物覆盖土遗址是否适用仍待继续研究。

Origin软件在大学物理实验教学中的应用

Origin软件强大的数据处理及绘图能力有助于学生在大学物理实验中对数据进行分析、拟合和图像的绘制。以霍尔效应法测电螺线管轴向磁感应强度实验为例,介绍Origin软件的数据处理及拟合功能。结果表明,Origin软件的应用有效地提升了学生的绘图水平,降低了绘图误差,也为学生未来的学习和科研打下坚实的基础。

Genetic dissection and origin of pleiotropic loci underlying multilevel fiber quality traits in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton fiber quality is a persistent concern that determines planting benefits and the quality of finished textile products.However,the limitations of measurement instruments have hindered the accurate evaluation of some important fiber characteristics such as fiber maturity,fineness,and neps,which in turn has impeded the genetic improvement and industrial utilization of cotton fiber.Here,12 single fiber quality traits were measured using Advanced Fiber Information System(AFIS)equipment among 383 accessions of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).In addition,eight conventional fiber quality traits were assessed by the High Volume Instrument(HVI)System.Genome-wide association study(GWAS),linkage disequilibrium(LD)block genotyping and functional identification were conducted sequentially to uncover the associated elite loci and candidate genes of fiber quality traits.As a result,the previously reported pleiotropic locus FL_D11 regulating fiber length-related traits was identified in this study.More importantly,three novel pleiotropic loci(FM_A03,FF_A05,and FN_A07)regulating fiber maturity,fineness and neps,respectively,were detected based on AFIS traits.Numerous highly promising candidate genes were screened out by integrating RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses,including the reported GhKRP6 for fiber length,the newly identified GhMAP8 for maturity and GhDFR for fineness.The origin and evolutionary analysis of pleiotropic loci indicated that the selection pressure on FL_D11,FM_A03 and FF_A05 increased as the breeding period approached the present and the origins of FM_A03 and FF_A05 were traced back to cotton landraces.These findings reveal the genetic basis underlying fiber quality and provide insight into the genetic improvement and textile utilization of fiber in G.hirsutum.

Origin软件在声速的测量实验数据处理中的应用

以大学物理实验中声速的测量为例,利用了Origin软件对实验测量所得的数据进行了线性拟合,并和传统的逐差法计算结果进行了比较,两种方法所得出的声速大小几乎吻合。结果表明,在实验教学中引入Origin软件对实验数据进行处理,操作更为方便快捷,并且能够有效提高实验效率和实验准确率,避免人为因素带来的误差。

Origin软件在“微生物学”实验教学中的应用——以细菌生长曲线的测定实验为例

针对高校本科“微生物学”实验教学中遇到的数据处理问题,以细菌生长曲线测定的实验为例,使用Origin 2022软件进行数据导入、数据计算、图形绘制及插入误差棒等操作,完成细菌生长曲线的绘制。结果表明,利用Origin软件可以快速对实验数据进行批量处理,操作简捷并可避免人工计算的误差,对实验得到的非线性数据通过软件可以拟合出美观的图形,将实验结果可视化。在教学中通过引入Origin软件,可以在讲授具体微生物知识的同时,让本科生掌握一款专业的数据分析处理软件,有助于培养本科生的数据处理能力,提高综合科研素养,为后续实验课程和科研工作的数据处理工作打好基础。

Hongshan Culture:Tracing The Origins of Chinese Civilization

The Liaohe River basin in northeastern China occupies an important geographical position connecting Northeast Asia and the Central Plains.Millennia ago,it witnessed the convergence of farming,fishing,hunting,and nomadic cultures and the coexistence and flourishing of multiple peoples.Archaeological excavations and research on this area show that as early as the Neolithic period,the indigenous Hongshan Culture had already embraced the dawn of civilization.Traces of early city forms were discovered at the Niuheliang site dating from the late Hongshan period,providing archaeological evidence on the 5,000 years of history of Chinese civilization.In academic circles,Hongshan Culture is considered the“tap root”of Chinese civilization,from which the core traditions of Chinese civilization such as respecting heaven and ancestors and worshiping the dragon and jade originated.This issue’s“Focus”section is dedicated to tracing the origins of Chinese civilization by focusing on the origins and characteristics of Hongshan Culture as well as its fusion with other civilizations around the world.We hope to shed light on the far reaching,time-honored Chinese culture and provide a fresh perspective for readers to understand the development of human civilization.

Cultural and Historical Origins of the Central Axis of Beijing

The Central Axis of Beijing embodies the cultural spirit and urban planning ingenuity of an ancient nation.WITH the release of the Beijing Central Axis panoramic map by Beijing Municipal Cultural Heritage Bureau in late November,2022,together with the plan for its protection and management in the coming decade.

Annelid functional genomics reveal the origins of bilaterian life cycles

Indirect development with an intermediate larva exists in all major animal lineages1, which makes larvae central to mostscenarios of animal evolution2-11. Yet how larvae evolved remains disputed. Here we show that temporal shifts (that is,heterochronies) in trunk formation underpin the diversification of larvae and bilaterian life cycles. We performed chromosomescalegenome sequencing in the annelid Owenia fusiformis with transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling during the life cycles ofthis and two other annelids. We found that trunk development is deferred to pre-metamorphic stages in the feeding larva of O.fusiformis but starts after gastrulation in the non-feeding larva with gradual metamorphosis of Capitella teleta and the directdeveloping embryo of Dimorphilus gyrociliatus. Accordingly, the embryos of O. fusiformis develop first into an enlarged anteriordomain that forms larval tissues and the adult head12. Notably, this also occurs in the so-called 'head larvae' of other bilaterians13-17, with which the O. fusiformis larva shows extensive transcriptomic similarities. Together, our findings suggest that the temporaldecoupling of head and trunk formation, as maximally observed in head larvae, facilitated larval evolution in Bilateria. Thisdiverges from prevailing scenarios that propose either co-option9,10 or innovation11 of gene regulatory programmes to explainlarva and adult origins.

Identification of S-RNase genotype and analysis of its origin and evolutionary patterns in Malus plants

Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes,the cultivation and production of apple,the breeding of new varieties,and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants.In this experiment,88 Malus germplasm resources,such as Aihuahong,Xishuhaitang,and Reguanzi,were used as materials.Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification.PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials.The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype,while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them.Through homology comparison and analysis,13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained:S_(1)S_(2)(Aihuahong,etc.),S_(1)S_(28)(Xixian Haitang,etc.),S_(1)S_(51)(Hebei Pingdinghaitang),S_(1)S_(3)(Xiangyangcun Daguo,etc.),S_(2)S_(3)(Zhaiyehaitang,etc.),S_(3)S_(51)(Xishan 1),S_(3)S_(28)(Huangselihaerde,etc.),S_(2)S_(28)(Honghaitang,etc.),S_(4)S_(28)(Bo 11),S_(7)S_(28)(Jiuquan Shaguo),S_(10)S_e(Dongchengguan 13),S_(10)S_(21)(Dongxiangjiao)and S_(3)S_(51)(Xiongyue Haitang).Simultaneously,the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed.The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources,as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific.S_(3) had the highest frequency of 68.18%,followed by S_(1)(42.04%).In addition,the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species,that cultivated species also evolved new S genes,and that the S_(50) gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants.The S_(1),S_(29),and S_(33) genes in apple-cultivated species,on the other hand,may have originated in M.sieversii,M.hupehensis,and M.kansuensis,respectively.In addition to M.sieversii,M.kansuensis and M.sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.

Geographical origin identification of winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao')by using multi-element fingerprinting with chemometrics

Winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba'Dongzao')is greatly appreciated by consumers for its excellent quality,but brand infringement frequently occurs in the market.Here,we first determined a total of 38 elements in 167 winter jujube samples from the main winter jujube producing areas of China by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).As a result,16 elements(Mg,K,Mn,Cu,Zn,Mo,Ba,Be,As,Se,Cd,Sb,Ce,Er,Tl,and Pb)exhibited significant differences in samples from different producing areas.Supervised linear discriminant analysis(LDA)and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)showed better performance in identifying the origin of samples than unsupervised principal component analysis(PCA).LDA and OPLS-DA had a mean identification accuracy of 87.84 and 94.64%in the testing set,respectively.By using the multilayer perceptron(MLP)and C5.0,the prediction accuracy of the models could reach 96.36 and 91.06%,respectively.Based on the above four chemometric methods,Cd,Tl,Mo and Se were selected as the main variables and principal markers for the origin identification of winter jujube.Overall,this study demonstrates that it is practical and precise to identify the origin of winter jujube through multi-element fingerprint analysis with chemometrics,and may also provide reference for establishing the origin traceability system of other fruits.

Management of retroperitoneal high-grade serous carcinoma of unknown origin:A case report

BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal high-grade serous carcinoma(HGSC)of unknown origin is a sporadic tumor that can originate from ovarian cancer.Herein,we report the case of a woman with retroperitoneal HGSC of unknown origin and describe how she was diagnosed and treated.CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old female presented with the tumor marker CA125 elevated to 1041.9 U/mL upon a regular health examination.Computed tomography revealed retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement.Subsequently,positron emission tomography scanning revealed lesions with increased F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at the nodes.As a result,she underwent laparoscopic lymph node resection,and pathology revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma with CK7(+),PAX8(+),WT1(+),PR(-),and p53 mutational loss of expression,indicating that the origin may be from the adnexa.The patient was admitted to our ward and underwent laparoscopic staging;however,the pathological results were negative.Under the suspicion of retroperitoneal HGSC of unknown origin,chemotherapy and targeted therapy were initiated.Tumor marker levels decreased after treatment.CONCLUSION We present a case of HGSC of unknown origin managed using retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy,staging surgery,chemotherapy,and targeted therapy.

Origin of the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit at Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: constraints from the light stable isotopes C, O, and H

By studying the light isotopic compositions of carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen,combined with previous research results on the ore-forming source of the deposit,the authors try to uncover its metallogenic origin.The δ^(18)O and δ^(13)C isotope signatures of dolomite samples vary between 10.2 and 13.0‰,and between−7.2 and−5.2‰,respectively,implying that the carbon derives from the upper mantle.δD and δ^(18) O of quartz,biotite,and muscovite from diff erent ore veins of the deposit vary between−82 and−59‰,and between 11.6 and 12.4‰,respectively,implying that the metallogenic solutions are mainly magmatic.According to the relevant research results of many isotope geologists,the fractionation degree of hydrogen isotopes increases as the depth to the Earth’s core increases,and the more diff erentiated the hydrogen isotopes are,the lower their values will be.In other words,mantle-derived solutions can have extremely low hydrogen isotope values.This means that the δD‰ value−134 of the pyrrhotite sample numbered SD-34 in this article may indicate mantle-derived oreforming fl uid of the deposit.The formation of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit occurred between 91.71 and 80.19 Ma.

Unroofing Technique for Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Right Sinus of Valsalva: Report of a Case

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (AOLCA) from the right sinus of Valsalva constitutes a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly. Patients with an anomalous left main coronary artery face a significantly higher risk of sudden cardiac death compared to those with an anomalous right coronary artery. The anomalous coronary artery traversing between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery markedly heightens the risk of myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Symptomatic patients often exhibit a longer intramural course of the coronary artery, which may necessitate earlier intervention or influence the choice of surgical repair method. Surgical intervention is advocated for patients with this anomaly, even in the absence of symptoms. For anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva with an intramural course, coronary unroofing is the preferred revascularization procedure. This report presents a case of AOLCA originating from the right sinus of Valsalva, treated surgically using the unroofing technique for the aortic intramural segment of the anomalous coronary artery traversing between the great vessels. The unroofing technique is recommended for treating AOLCA with an extensive intramural course that does not involve the commissure.

Millet Origin Identification Model Based on Near-infrared Spectroscopy

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the difference of millet from different producing areas in near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)modeling.[Methods]Millet samples from six different regions were collected for NIRS analysis,and an origin identification model based on BP neural network was established.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS)algorithm was used to extract characteristic wavelength variables,and a CARS-BP model was established on this basis.Finally,the CARS-BP model was compared with support vector machine(SVM),partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS)and KNN models.[Results]The characteristic wavelengths were extracted by CARS,and the number of variables was reduced from 1845 to 130.The discrimination accuracy of the CARS-BP model for the samples from six producing areas reached 98.1%,which was better than SVM,PSL and KNN models.[Conclusions]NIRS can quickly and accurately identify the origin of millet,providing a new method and way for the origin identification and quality evaluation of millet.

Gibbon vocal communication provides insights into the origin and evolution of human music and language

Humans across cultures convey feelings and thoughts through music.Despite its ubiquity,the origins and evolution of music remain enigmatic.Archaeological evidence has traced the history of music back at least 40000 years ago based on prehistoric bone flutes(Fitch,2006).Comparative studies have also explored earlier histories by identifying common musical features between animals and humans(Fitch,2006).For example,songbirds exhibit categorical rhythms similar to human music(Roeske et al.,2020),and humans can recognize emotional arousal in signals across all classes of terrestrial vertebrates(Filippi et al.,2017).These findings,while surprising,align with the longstanding human perception of animal signals as music(Gray et al.,2001).The universality of music and its features intensifies the fundamental question posed by Darwin(1871):how has a behavior that is energetically costly and seemingly non-adaptive evolved to become so widespread?This question can be further divided into two sub-questions(Savage et al.,2021):(1)how do musical features contribute to the production or expressive power of music(i.e.,mechanisms),and(2)how does music benefit performers in terms of survival,reproductions,or other aspects(i.e.,functions).

Research on the origin and evolution of technical management regulations for railway

Purpose–To facilitate technical managers and field workers to master and understand the provisions of Technical Management Regulations for Railway more accurately,so as to better serve the comprehensive revision of the Regulations,this paper carries out the research on the traceability and evolution of the provisions of the Regulations.Design/methodology/approach–This paper studies and analyzes the evolution of the 11th edition of the Regulations by analyzing the relevance of clauses and summarizes the historical background of the development of calendar editions of the Regulations.The basic research on the traceability and evolution of the Regulations is carried out from four aspects:the continuity of the development of the Regulations,the authority of contents,the relevance of clauses and the richness of historical materials.Findings–From the first edition of the Regulations issued by the former Ministry of Railways in 1950 to the 11th edition,there have been ten comprehensive revisions.There is a strong correlation and continuity between the calendar editions of the Regulations in terms of chapter structure and clauses.Studying the context of the terms of the Regulations is an important way to understand and master the current clauses of the Regulations.Originality/value–Through the research on the traceability and evolution of the clauses of the Regulations,one is to explore the context of the development of railway technical equipment in China,the other is to clarify the historical background when the provisions were formulated and the third is to trace the development and evolution of the provisions.The revision of the Regulations is based on an accurate grasp of the context of the provisions,which can effectively judge the possible security risks caused by the revision of the provisions and avoid the possible risks in field implementation from the source.

最小二乘法和Origin软件在牛顿第二运动定律验证实验的数据处理中的应用

用最小二乘法和Origin软件分别对牛顿第二运动定律验证实验的实验数据进行处理。计算结果表明,Origin软件在处理实验数据方面具有快速、灵活、便捷等优势,避免了因人为因素所造成的误差,因而在实验数据处理中具有广泛的应用前景。