Bridges and tunnels are good solutions to transportation problems in large cities separated by large rivers. In bridge construction great success has been achieved in China, but large-sized immersed tube tunnel constr...Bridges and tunnels are good solutions to transportation problems in large cities separated by large rivers. In bridge construction great success has been achieved in China, but large-sized immersed tube tunnel construction is still new. Element immersing is an important process of immersed tube tunnel construction. The accuracy of tunnel element positioning directly determines the quality of tunnel construction. In order to study the behavior of elements during its lowering to the sea bed, the experiments carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University. In consideration of the construction experience abroad and by reference to published papers on the Oresund tunnel in Norway-Sweden and Tokyo Bay tunnel in Japan, an element model to an appropriate scale is developed. A concise description of the model experiment wave environments is carried out, and the feasibility of two immersing strategies is studied.展开更多
Immersed tube tunnels are usually placed on soft soil layers in cross-sea tunnelling engineering.Owing to the influence of stratum conditions and slope design,the longitudinal distribution of substratum layers is gene...Immersed tube tunnels are usually placed on soft soil layers in cross-sea tunnelling engineering.Owing to the influence of stratum conditions and slope design,the longitudinal distribution of substratum layers is generally uneven.Thus,the inhomogeneous deformation of the element-joint becomes the key factor in the failure of the immersed tube tun-nel.Therefore,a corresponding calculation method for joint deformation is needed to explore the deformation law of immersed tube tunnels.By constructing a three-section immersed tube tunnel analysis model(TTM),the relationship between the two types of deformation of the immersed tube tunnel structure in a longitudinal nonuniform soft soil foundation is described,and the deformation characteristics of the immersed structure under different boundaries are discussed.Based on the mechanical behaviour of the joint and foundation,according to the Timoshenko beam on the Vlasov two-parameter foundation(VTM),considering the tidal cyclic load during the operation and maintenance period,an example analysis is given.Moreover,the deformation characteristics and development trend of the immersed tube tunnel under the influence of different soil layers are discussed.The obtained results have a certain guiding significance for the deformation calculation of immersed tube tunnels.展开更多
In the construction of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link,a temporary anchorage system,distributed uniformly along the pipe wall,has been employed.To assess the safety and reliability of this system,a combined method utilizi...In the construction of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link,a temporary anchorage system,distributed uniformly along the pipe wall,has been employed.To assess the safety and reliability of this system,a combined method utilizing numerical analysis and model experiments was applied to study the safety of the temporary anchorage system and the reliability of the tension rods.Firstly,an overall model of the caisson segment based on GINA rebound force was established to analyze the stress state of the entire system.Secondly,a comprehensive numerical analysis and model experiment verification were conducted for the single tensioning system,revealing its failure mode and safety margin.The results indicate that the tension rod systems are uniformly stressed at an average of 444 k N during underwater jointing,with a safety factor of 1.94.At this point,the maximum von Mises stresses appearing at the front plate corners and the lower edge of the U-groove,with stress values of 181.8 MPa and 172.4 MPa,and safety factors of 1.54 and 1.71,respectively.When the tension rod force reaches 940 k N,the tensioning system reaches its bearing limit,with initial yielding occurring at the front plate corners.Model experiments were conducted to verify the theoretical analysis results,under a test load of 444 k N,the stresses at the front plate corners and the lower edge of the U-groove were 159.6 and 195.9 MPa,respectively.As the test load increased to 940 k N,these stresses reached 390 and 389 MPa,exhibiting good agreement with the numerical analysis.Considering the uncertainty of loads and materials,a reliability analysis of the tension rods was conducted,yielding a reliability index of 4.34,meeting the secondary safety standard.Based on the comprehensive analysis,it can be concluded that the temporary anchorage system in the caisson segments of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link exhibits excellent safety margins.展开更多
文摘Bridges and tunnels are good solutions to transportation problems in large cities separated by large rivers. In bridge construction great success has been achieved in China, but large-sized immersed tube tunnel construction is still new. Element immersing is an important process of immersed tube tunnel construction. The accuracy of tunnel element positioning directly determines the quality of tunnel construction. In order to study the behavior of elements during its lowering to the sea bed, the experiments carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University. In consideration of the construction experience abroad and by reference to published papers on the Oresund tunnel in Norway-Sweden and Tokyo Bay tunnel in Japan, an element model to an appropriate scale is developed. A concise description of the model experiment wave environments is carried out, and the feasibility of two immersing strategies is studied.
基金The work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2022A1515011200)the State Key Laboratory for Geo-Mechanics and Deep Underground Engineering of China University of Mining&Technology(Grant No.SKLGDUEK2005)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.STKJ2021129).
文摘Immersed tube tunnels are usually placed on soft soil layers in cross-sea tunnelling engineering.Owing to the influence of stratum conditions and slope design,the longitudinal distribution of substratum layers is generally uneven.Thus,the inhomogeneous deformation of the element-joint becomes the key factor in the failure of the immersed tube tun-nel.Therefore,a corresponding calculation method for joint deformation is needed to explore the deformation law of immersed tube tunnels.By constructing a three-section immersed tube tunnel analysis model(TTM),the relationship between the two types of deformation of the immersed tube tunnel structure in a longitudinal nonuniform soft soil foundation is described,and the deformation characteristics of the immersed structure under different boundaries are discussed.Based on the mechanical behaviour of the joint and foundation,according to the Timoshenko beam on the Vlasov two-parameter foundation(VTM),considering the tidal cyclic load during the operation and maintenance period,an example analysis is given.Moreover,the deformation characteristics and development trend of the immersed tube tunnel under the influence of different soil layers are discussed.The obtained results have a certain guiding significance for the deformation calculation of immersed tube tunnels.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB1600300)。
文摘In the construction of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link,a temporary anchorage system,distributed uniformly along the pipe wall,has been employed.To assess the safety and reliability of this system,a combined method utilizing numerical analysis and model experiments was applied to study the safety of the temporary anchorage system and the reliability of the tension rods.Firstly,an overall model of the caisson segment based on GINA rebound force was established to analyze the stress state of the entire system.Secondly,a comprehensive numerical analysis and model experiment verification were conducted for the single tensioning system,revealing its failure mode and safety margin.The results indicate that the tension rod systems are uniformly stressed at an average of 444 k N during underwater jointing,with a safety factor of 1.94.At this point,the maximum von Mises stresses appearing at the front plate corners and the lower edge of the U-groove,with stress values of 181.8 MPa and 172.4 MPa,and safety factors of 1.54 and 1.71,respectively.When the tension rod force reaches 940 k N,the tensioning system reaches its bearing limit,with initial yielding occurring at the front plate corners.Model experiments were conducted to verify the theoretical analysis results,under a test load of 444 k N,the stresses at the front plate corners and the lower edge of the U-groove were 159.6 and 195.9 MPa,respectively.As the test load increased to 940 k N,these stresses reached 390 and 389 MPa,exhibiting good agreement with the numerical analysis.Considering the uncertainty of loads and materials,a reliability analysis of the tension rods was conducted,yielding a reliability index of 4.34,meeting the secondary safety standard.Based on the comprehensive analysis,it can be concluded that the temporary anchorage system in the caisson segments of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link exhibits excellent safety margins.
