The CCD instrument background of the SMILE SXI

The ESA and CAS SMILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation environments.The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is high.The shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen Belts.Therefore,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and closed.The instrument background for the CCDs(Charge-Coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the SXI were evaluated for the two environments.Due to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two extremes.The results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar maxima.This is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extremes.

Glaucoma surgery experiments using digital microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography and OCT-compatible instruments

There is a certain failure rate in traditional glaucoma surgery because of the lack of depth information in microscope images.In this work,we present a digital microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography(MIOCT)system and several custom-made OCT-compatible instruments for glaucoma surgery.Sixteen ophthalmologists were asked to perform trabeculectomy and canaloplasty on live porcine eyes using the system and instruments.After surgery,a subjective feedback survey about the user experience was taken.The experiment results showed that our system can help surgeons easily locate important tissue structures during surgery.The custom-made instruments also solved the shadowing problem in OCT imaging.Surgeons preferred to use the system in their future practice.

Special topic on new instruments and sensing technologies

New instruments and sensing technologies have extensive applications in non-destructive testing,safety monitoring,human-computer interaction,precision sensing,and other fields.The emergence of new structural materials,new preparation processes,and new sensing theories has driven the development of precision measurement instruments and intelligent sensing technology with the rapid development of electromagnetics,optics,and materials science.

Exploring the Mysteries of the Universe, and Innovation Leading the Future——Astronomical Techniques and Instruments

Dear Readers:Astronomical Techniques and Instruments is a professional English journal of open access devoted to recent develop-ments,discoveries,and theories in astronomical techniques,methods,and instruments.It will serve as a platform for dis-course,learning,and information sharing for astronomic and astrophysics professionals worldwide.

Reform of Teaching Practice of Modern Instrumental Analysis in Biotechnology Programs

Through the online and offline practical reform of the Modern Instrumental Analysis course of biotechnology majors from teaching content,teaching method,teaching demonstration to teaching effect,the traditional single offline lecture is transformed into diversified and interactive modern teaching.The practical reform enriches and optimizes the course content,perfects and improves the course assessment system,and improves the teaching quality.It achieves the student-centered and application-oriented teaching goal,and also provides reference for further cultivating high-quality applied talents.

Surgical Management of Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis with Instrumentation at the Yaounde Central Hospital: Comparison of Unilateral versus Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation Combined with Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Introduction: The choice of adopting unilateral pedicle screw fixation or using bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar spinal stenosis remains controversial. In our context, very few studies have been performed comparing the clinical effectiveness of unilateral versus bilateral fixation in the surgical management of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Objective: Evaluate the impact on quality of life and clinical efficacy of unilateral spondylodesis compared to bilateral spondylodesis in the surgical management of lumbar spinal canal stenosis at the Yaounde Central Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study for a period of 4 years, from June 2015 to June 2019. It involved all patients operated for lumbar canal stenosis and who underwent spondylodesis or spinal fusion at the neurosurgery department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Results: A total of 68 participants were recruited during our study period. 32 (47%) of the study population were in the 50 - 60 age group, with a mean age of 56.98 years ranging from 41 to 75 years. Females, housewives and farmers were the most affected. In our study, 72% of patients had unilateral spondylodesis and 28% had bilateral fusion. Preoperatively, 71% of patients had insurmountable pain, refractory to medical treatment. At 3 months postoperatively, 73.7% of patients with bilateral setup had moderate pain compared to 69% of those with unilateral setup. At 6 months postoperatively, 79% of patients with bilateral fusion had mild pain compared to 82% of patients with unilateral setup. At 1 year postoperatively, all patients had mild pain. Preoperatively, 66.2% of patients were unable to walk and 19.1% of patients were bedridden according to the Oswestry score. At 3 months postoperatively, 10.2% of patients with unilateral setup were unable to walk compared to 10.5% of patients with bilateral fixation, while 67.3% of patients with unilateral fixation had moderate disability compared to 52.6% of patients with bilateral fixation. At 6 months postoperatively, 51% of patients with unilateral setup had moderate disability compared to 47.4% of patients with bilateral fixation, while 42.9% of patients with unilateral fixation had mild disability compared to 42.1% of patients with bilateral fixation. At 1 year postoperatively, 81.6% of patients who underwent unilateral fixation had only mild disability compared to 73.7% of patients with bilateral fixation. Conclusion: The assessment of quality of life according to the set-up used shows similar results at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year, with no statistically significant differences. Single-sided pedicle screw fixation combined with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion or mounting has the advantage of being faster, with less bleeding and is less expensive compared to bilateral fixation.

Development and validation of an instrument to assess knowledge,attitudes,and practices on digital health among nursing officers

Objective:Validation is an important aspect of an instrument,and it ensures the confidence of researchers to employ the instrument in their studies.This study was conducted to develop and validate an instrument to assess knowledge,attitudes,and practices(KAP) on digital health among nurses since digital health capacity is a major concern in health care that needs to be assessed.Methods:We conducted a methodological study to assess the content validity and reliability of the instrument.First,items were generated through a comprehensive literature review and by obtaining an expert opinion.Second,content and face validity were assessed by a panel of 7 experts.Both the item-level content validity index(I-CVI) and the scale-level content validity index(S-CVI) were established.Moreover,test–retest reliability and internal consistency of the instrument were assessed.Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.Results:The initial pool consisted of 60 items and after obtaining content,face,and construct validity,51 items remained.Items with an I-CVI <0.78 were considered relevant.The S-CVI for relevancy,clarity,ambiguity,and simplicity were 0.93,0.91,0.94,and 0.92,respectively.Five subcomponents were constructed in each knowledge and attitudes domain,and the test–retest reliability test revealed that the instrument has good reliability,showing correlation coefficient values for the KAP domains and the total questionnaire of 0.76,0.98,0.99,and 0.99,respectively.The independent Cronbach's α for all items was 0.76,indicating good internal consistency.Conclusions:The present study established the acceptable validity and ensured the good reliability and internal consistency of the instrument,which can serve as an assessment tool of KAP on digital health among healthcare professionals.

Analysis Of Urban Planning Instruments in Comala,Colima,Mexico(1997-2009)from a Gender Perspective-A Secondary Publication

This work is carried out based on the analysis of urban planning instruments,taking the gender perspective as a foundation.It arises from the inclusion of women in the participation of urban development,through an analysis of the gender gaps that have marked the history of women,the inequalities serve as a basis for carrying out this study.It highlights the challenges we face today as a society in the process of building citizen participation,where we must all be recognized and have equal opportunities within the territory in which we live.This article analyzes the extent to which the Municipal Urban Development Programs of the Mexican municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico,consider the recommendations on gender and urbanism,established since the 1990s by international entities and applied transversally to urban planning policies.Considerable differences are found between women and men in terms of empowerment and participation in urban territorial planning instruments,mainly in the oldest instrument(1997).Significant progress is observed in the most recent document and is currently in force in the municipality of Comala(2009).

Instrument Automation Control System Faults and Maintenance

This article explores the topic of fault diagnosis and maintenance strategies for instrument automation control systems,analyzing them through specific cases.The aim of this research is to improve the stability and reliability of the system by conducting a thorough investigation of faults and maintenance in instrument automation control systems.By doing so,this research hopes to provide a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of industrial production.

Impact of PDCA Cycle Combined with Instrument Mapping on Sterilization and Supply of Surgical Instruments

Objective:To explore the effect of applying the Plan-Do-Check-Act(PDCA)cycle combined with instrument mapping to manage surgical instruments in a hospital sterilization supply center.Methods:A total of 600 surgical instruments in a hospital’s surgical instrument sterilization and supply management center were sampled and grouped based on the introduction of the PDCA cycle combined with instrument mapping.The control group included 300 surgical instruments subject to routine sterilization management from November 2023 to January 2024.The observation group included 300 surgical instruments managed with the PDCA cycle combined with instrument mapping from February 2024 to April 2024.The quality of surgical instrument management,incidence of adverse events,and other indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:The observation group demonstrated significantly higher scores in management quality indices compared to the control group,with scores for disassembly and assembly(93.28±1.57 vs.87.41±1.48),cleaning(95.04±2.08 vs.90.23±2.12),disinfection and sterilization(95.33±1.27 vs.91.95±1.39),waste disposal(93.26±1.24 vs.89.65±1.18),packaging and traceability(94.35±1.74 vs.92.23±1.65),and issuance and recycling(95.79±1.72 vs.90.22±1.81)(all P<0.05).The observation group reported two adverse events(one incomplete instrument specification and one case of instrument package overweight)with an incidence rate of 0.67%.Conversely,the control group reported six adverse events(including shortages,incomplete specifications,unqualified sterilization,defective instruments,untimely or incorrect delivery,and overweight instrument packages)with an incidence rate of 3%,demonstrating statistically significant differences between groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Applying the PDCA cycle combined with instrument mapping for surgical instrument management in hospital sterilization supply centers significantly improves management quality and reduces adverse events.Its application is recommended for wider adoption in hospital sterilization supply centers.

Design of Signal Lamp Filament Monitoring Alarm Instrument

To improve the reliability of the light emitting diode(LED)signal lamp filament current monitoring alarm instrument for metro systems,a new type of hot standby online monitoring apparatus was developed which is based on synchronous transmission data(STD)bus technology.In this system,a double hot standby mode can be achieved by adopting bus arbitration.In addition,to detect the effective value of alternating current which is from 0 to 200 mA in the signal lamp lighting circuit,a precision rectifier signal conditioning circuit and an isolated acquisition circuit were designed.This new type of alarm instrument has high detection accuracy and could meet the functional requirements for metro signal systems after comparing it with some industry products that were applied on the spot.

基于中医数字化的眼诊仪技术装备标准化研究

眼诊是通过观察眼睛各部位的神色形态变化来诊断疾病的一种方法,是中医望诊的重要组成部分。人工智能被认为是21世纪三大尖端技术之一,现已被广泛应用于医疗健康等领域,随着中医数字化技术的日渐成熟,中医眼诊理论与人工智能深度融合,形成了眼诊仪中医关键技术装备。主要从智能中医的发展现状、眼诊仪中医数据标准化研究与构建眼诊仪智能辅助中医诊断模型三个方面进行阐述,将中医眼诊基础理论与其他学科知识相互融合,突破中医健康数据采集、柔性控制、人机耦合、多维信息融合辨识等关键技术,以期形成中医诊疗装备系列相关标准,建立中医特色医疗器械的产业创新基地,进而推进中医远程诊疗、移动医疗、智能医疗等新型服务业态发展,推动中医传统诊疗技术的数字化、标准化与国际化,提高中医诊疗服务的可及性并促进中西医学现代融合发展。

基于MVBCN-FLW的中文法律文书命名实体识别

中文法律文书命名实体识别是智慧司法的基础性任务。目前的中文法律文书命名实体识别研究中已经取得一些成果,但其中大部分方法依赖于已标注的法律语料而未有效利用未标注的法律语料,且不能深入获取法律文书的特征。针对上述问题,提出一种中文法律文书命名实体识别框架。该框架使用基于双向编码器的转换器模型来学习中文法律文书的向量表示,并使用能够融合法律术语特征的双向长短时记忆网络语言模型来捕捉法律文书序列的上下文特征向量。该框架将中文法律文书的向量表示和上下文特征向量进行融合,融合后的特征向量被输入到一个由双向门控循环单元、自注意力机制和条件随机场组成的模块中进行训练。此外,为了使框架在缺少已标注的法律语料时也能得到更加充分的训练,使用未标注的法律语料进行自训练,生成新标注的法律语料并将其与初始标注的法律语料合并,通过进行迭代训练来提升框架性能。实验结果表明,该框架优于其他基于主流神经网络的命名实体识别模型。

宽频电流互感器误差测量仪研制

利用电流比较仪测量微小误差电流的原理,采用嵌入式控制模块,由电流互感器误差校验回路中电流标准回路的电流信号产生的工作电压,通过程控的电导箱和电容箱产生与工作电压同相和正交的高准确度微差电流,并与被测电流互感器误差电流同时输入电流比较仪绕组,再通过高分辨力的数字指零仪进行自主平衡测量,实现了0.00001%至10%宽误差范围和50 Hz至1 kHz宽频带电流互感器的比值误差和相位误差的测量,与传统的电流互感器校验仪相比具有准确度高,测量范围宽和测量速度快等优点。

钬、铥激光作用于软组织热效应的实验研究

为了提高激光手术效率和减少激光手术中对周围健康组织的损伤,探究了脉冲钬激光脉冲峰值功率、连续铥激光功率对于软组织热效应的影响。搭建体外模型装置来寻求激光消融组织的最佳参数,实验中脉冲钬激光功率分别为20W、40W、60W、80W,脉冲持续时间为200μs和800μs,脉冲能量分别选择1J、2J、4J。连续铥激光功率分别为20W、40W、60W、80W、100W、110W。最后,将体外模型置于生理盐水中,保持室温一定,对激光消融后的损伤组织进行切片和染色,分析病理切片。脉冲峰值功率对软组织的消融区产生较大影响,脉冲能量为4J×10Hz的激光组合比1J×40Hz的激光组合产生的消融深度提高111.82%,对凝固区的影响不大,改变仅为9.96%。脉冲持续时间对软组织的影响不大,脉宽较短产生的消融深度提高18.49%。组织消融深度随连续铥激光的功率提高而提高,消融效率也相应提高,热凝固区几乎不受影响。100W的消融效率比20W提高88.26%。

创造性劳动教育融入仪器分析课程的教学路径分析

创造性劳动是一个逐步生成的过程,贯穿于仪器分析课程的整个学习阶段,从劳动知识、劳动技能,到创造性劳动思维的训练,再到劳动创造精神和动手实践能力,最后到劳动品质的实现。深入挖掘新时代与自身规律相符的劳动育人因素,探讨在仪器分析课程中多维融合劳动教育,打造仪器分析课程的多层次纵向递进式劳动教育课程,促进学生用所学的劳动知识、劳动技能、劳动创新思维解决现实问题,从而培养学生的创造性思维。

基于峰值检测的便携式钢筘测量仪研发

针对纺织生产现场随时进行机上快速测量的使用需求,研发了一款采用振动传感器和位移传感器的便携式钢筘筘号测量仪。首先,在分析振动信号的基础上,通过统计振动信号波峰数量获得筘齿数。其次,在统计波峰过程中,引入并优化无参数的自动多尺度峰值检测算法,降低其时空复杂度,实现筘齿的准确计数。最后,设计便携式钢筘测量仪硬件、软件架构,硬件上采用高性能STM32微控制器,能较好采集数据和运行算法;软件上增添时间和位移的双重条件检查,增加测量可靠性。实验结果表明:基于优化峰值检测算法的便携式钢筘测量仪,能够较好地测量工厂常用钢筘的筘号,并具有操作方便、无需设置阈值等优点。

基于安全视角下仪器共享平台管理模式的探析

仪器共享平台是依托高校、科研院所建立的集大型仪器设备共享、科研任务、仪器功能和方法开发于一体的特色平台,平台的安全运行是管理工作中的关键。该文从安全角度分析了仪器共享平台运行现状和主要安全隐患,分别从平台监督控制管理、仪器共享管理、实验室安全管理、化学试剂管理、安全教育管理和突发事件应急管理等方面初步探讨管理模式,旨在建立完善的仪器共享管理平台的安全管理体系,为仪器共享平台管理提供新的思路。

海洋石油平台仪表气系统工艺流程优化

海洋石油平台上部组块和钻机模块分别单独使用空气压缩机制造仪表气已有多年经验。文章从降本增效理念出发,将上部组块和钻机模块的仪表气系统进行一体化工艺设计,详细阐述了仪表气一体化工艺设计原则和注意事项;通过引入高压氮气工艺流程,优化密封隔离性仪表气罐尺寸,解决了因密封隔离性仪表气罐尺寸较大而影响平台总体布置的难题。

中试实验室大型仪器设备使用绩效评价体系建立与实践

如何建立合理有效的大型仪器设备使用绩效评价制度,切实提高高校公共服务平台中仪器设备的使用效率是实验室管理人员开展研究的重要课题。分析当前高校大型仪器设备使用绩效评价存在的主要问题,结合中试设备的特点,提出构建基于中试服务为主的大型仪器设备使用绩效评价体系。实践表明,新的评价体系能较好地提升大型仪器设备的使用效益,也能为同类单位绩效考核提供新思路。