A new non-sinusoidal oscillation waveform is constructed for controlling themold oscillation during continuous casting. Casting velocity and oscillation parameters are thenestablished for a computer model of the conti...A new non-sinusoidal oscillation waveform is constructed for controlling themold oscillation during continuous casting. Casting velocity and oscillation parameters are thenestablished for a computer model of the continuous casting process. The waveform distortioncoefficient ? of waveform function is close to the waveform distortion rate a, so s is taken for awhen the basic parameters are selected initially. The waveform function can be created for the servohydraulic system or the mechanical driving system. Industrial scale experiments show the waveformfunction is effective.展开更多
The investments of the electro-hydraulic servo system of the mold non-sinusoidal oscillator are great, the modification ratio of the mechanical type is unable to be adjusted online, and some continuous casters suffer ...The investments of the electro-hydraulic servo system of the mold non-sinusoidal oscillator are great, the modification ratio of the mechanical type is unable to be adjusted online, and some continuous casters suffer from server resonance during the casting. A mold non-sinusoidal oscillation mechanism driven by servomotor is proposed and the prototype is produced in the lab, the investment is low and the modification ratio is can be adjusted online, and the stability problem is studied. At first the dynamics model of the servomotor non-sinusoidal oscillation is established, and the kinematics differential function is deduced. Furthermore, based on the harmonic balance method, the eigenvalues of the system are solved; the criterion of the stability of the system is put forward. In addition, the eigenvalues and harmonic with different oscillating parameters are analyzed. Analytical results show that the real parts of the eigenvalues are positive, the system will be unstable, and the resonance will occur when the positive real parts of the eigenvalues are extremum. A foundation is established for solving the running smooth problem and next application of this mechanism.展开更多
The line side winding is under the fundamental frequency AC voltage, while the valve side winding contains not only fundamental AC voltage component, but also the DC voltage component, fundamental AC voltage component...The line side winding is under the fundamental frequency AC voltage, while the valve side winding contains not only fundamental AC voltage component, but also the DC voltage component, fundamental AC voltage component, and higher harmonic voltage components when the converter transformer is at its normal operating condition, and the electric field of converter transformer is a non-sinusoidal steady one. To analyze the non-sinusoidal steady electric field containing the DC component, fundamental AC and higher harmonic components, the voltage spectrum of the valve winding in a ±500 kV converter transformer is firstly analyzed, and the non-sinusoidal periodic steady electric field is obtained by the fast discrete Fourier transform. Different resistivity of the oil and oil-immersed paper is adopted to simulate the aging of oil paper insulation at operation, and get the non-sinusoidal steady electric field.展开更多
In this paper an attempt has been made to find the aperture field distribution in a rectangular waveguide for non-sinusoidal, periodic excitations using Multiple Cavity Modeling Technique. The excitation functions, co...In this paper an attempt has been made to find the aperture field distribution in a rectangular waveguide for non-sinusoidal, periodic excitations using Multiple Cavity Modeling Technique. The excitation functions, considered, are square, trapezoidal and clipped sine wave in nature. In the present analysis these time domain excitation functions have been represented in terms of a truncated Fourier series consisting of the fundamental frequency and its higher harmonics. Within the waveguide the fundamental frequency will give rise to a dominant mode excitation whereas the higher order modes will excite dominant as higher order modes. If the higher harmonics are assumed suppressed then the waveguide is subjected only to a dominant mode excitation. Results for dominant mode reflection coefficient (magnitude), VSWR and complex transmission coefficient have been computed and compared with theoretical data. The excellent agreement between them validates the analysis.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Electrophysiological studies using brain slices have revealed that the developmental regulation of synaptic plasticity in vocal learning pathway is essential for song learning in zebra finches. Publicatio...BACKGROUND: Electrophysiological studies using brain slices have revealed that the developmental regulation of synaptic plasticity in vocal learning pathway is essential for song learning in zebra finches. Publications reporting in vivo electrophysiological investigation are scarce. Many aspects of neural mechanisms underlying song learning and production still remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of paired pulses and the effect on synaptic transmission induced by low-frequency stimulations, high-frequency stimulations, and theta-burst stimulations. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A comparative observation. The experiment was conducted from October 2006 to October 2007 in the Neurophysiology Laboratory of South-China Normal University. MATERIALS: Twenty-four adult male zebra finches were supplied by the Department of Animal Experiment of College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University. A SEN-7203 stimulator (NIHON KOHDEN), as well as a DSJ-731WF microelectrode amplifier and DSJ-F amplifier (provided by South-China Normal University), were used to stimulate and record, respectively. METHODS: Animals were randomly divided into low-frequency, high-frequency, and theta-burst frequency stimulation groups. After recording evoked potentials, an input-output curve was evaluated. Subsequently, the efficacy of paired pulses with different stimulus intensity (1/3, 1/2, 2/3, or 3/4 of the value that induced the largest synaptic response), as well as interpulse intervals (50, 75, and 100 ms), was measured in each group. The test stimulus intensity was set to a level that evoked 1/2 or 1/3 amplitude of the maximum response. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in amplitude, slope, and area of evoked potentials elicited by different stimulus patterns. RESULTS: (1) Efficacy of paired pulses: there was significant paired-pulse facilitation in the high vocal center and robust nucleus of the arcopallium (HVC-RA) synapse. Efficacy decreased when paired-pulse intervals or stimulus intensities were increased. (2) Low-frequency stimulations at 1 Hz had a negligible effect on efficacy of synaptic transmission, while 5 Hz depressed synaptic transmission for only 5 minutes. (3) High-frequency stimulations at 50 Hz or 100 Hz induced synaptic depression that lasted for up to 30 minutes. (4) Theta-burst stimulation depressed synaptic transmission efficiency significantly for about 10 minutes. However, in contrast to low-frequency or high-frequency stimulations, theta-burst stimulations also induced slight potentiation of synaptic transmission for up to 60 minutes following depression phase, although the slope or area did not change. CONCLUSION: Paired pulses induced a remarkable efficacy of paired pulses in the high vocal center and robust nucleus of the arcopallium pathway. Low-frequency, high-frequency, or theta-burst frequency stimulation did not induce long-lasting changes in synaptic transmission.展开更多
Aluminum(Al) particles are good fuel additives to improve the energy output performances of explosives. Under detonation environment, reaction delay of Al particles plays a key role in the energy release efficiency. U...Aluminum(Al) particles are good fuel additives to improve the energy output performances of explosives. Under detonation environment, reaction delay of Al particles plays a key role in the energy release efficiency. Up to date, reaction delay of Al particles is still limited by the efficiency of mass and heat transfer from oxidizers to Al particles. To address this issue, a homogeneous fuel-oxidizer assembly has recently become a promising strategy. In this work, oxidizer-activated Al fuel particles(ALG) were prepared with glycidyl azide polymer(GAP) as the oxidizer. The ALG was in uniform spherical shape and core-shell structure with shell layer of around 5 nm which was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The localized nanoscale mid-IR measurement detected the uniform distribution of characteristic absorption bond of GAP in the shell layer which confirmed the homogenous fuel-oxidizer structure of ALG. A thermal gravimetric analysis of ALG at ultrafast heating rate of 1000℃/min under argon atmosphere was conducted. The decomposition of GAP finished much earlier than that of GAP at heating rate of 10℃/min. Under ultrafast high laser fluence, the reaction response of ALG was characterized and compared with that of micro-sized Al(μAl). With the increase of laser energy, the propagation distance of the shock wave increased. However, the velocity histories were nearly the same when energies were lower than 299 mJ or higher than 706 mJ. The propagation distance of the shock wave for ALG was 0.5 mm larger than that for μAl at 2.1 μs. The underwater explosion showed the peak pressure and the shock wave energy of the ALG-based explosive were both higher than those of the μAl-based explosive at 2.5 m. This study shows the feasibility to improve the energy release of Al-based explosives via using the oxidizer-activated Al fuel particles with energetic polymer as the oxidizer.展开更多
Summary: To study the mechanism of the innoxious touch-stimulus on the modulation of hyperalgesia and the expression of the C-fos and the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor-TrkA in the spinal dorsal horn neurons follo...Summary: To study the mechanism of the innoxious touch-stimulus on the modulation of hyperalgesia and the expression of the C-fos and the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor-TrkA in the spinal dorsal horn neurons following the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats, 60 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group and CCI group, with each group being further divided into 3 subgroups on the 7th,14th and 28th day after operation (n=10). The mechanical and the thermal withdrawal threshold were assessed following the touch stiumulation after the CCI, immunohistochemical methods were employed to observe the expression of the C-fos and TrkA in spinal dorsal horn. Our results showed that the hyperalgesia appeared on the 4th day and reached the maximal level on the 14th day after operation. The expression of the C-fos also increased significantly and reached its maximal level on the 14th day after the touch-stimulus. Meanwhile, the TrkA expression was elevated significantly in both groups, as compared with basic data, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). It is concluded that the level of the C-fos expression changed with the paw withdrawal threshold variation and increased markedly following the innoxious touch-stimulus. The expression of the TrkA receptors also increased gradually following the development of the neuropathic pain. The results suggest that C-fos may play a crucial role in the development of the hyperalgesia in the earlier-time of the neuropathic pain, but TrkA receptors may be involved in the long-lasting adaptive changes of the central pathway in neuropathic pain.展开更多
The thermal stability of normal lead styphnate( N-LTNR) has been studied under severe temperature(- 70 ℃- 130 ℃ for 5 days) with a high optical microscope and camera were used to observe apparent morphology and ...The thermal stability of normal lead styphnate( N-LTNR) has been studied under severe temperature(- 70 ℃- 130 ℃ for 5 days) with a high optical microscope and camera were used to observe apparent morphology and thermal gravimetric analysis was applied to study the physical changes. In addition,vacuum stability analysis,differential scanning calorimetry( DSC),thermal gravimetric analysis( TGA) and purity analysis were utilized to study the chemical changes. As well as flame sensitivity analysis were used to investigated the explosive changes. The results show that N-LTNR has good chemical stability and fire function stability between- 70 ℃ and 130 ℃,but poor physical stability. When the temperature was exceeded than 110 ℃,the N-LTNR lost crystal water which made the energetic material become darker in color,lager in volume and lighter in weight( 3. 416%) when the temperature was below- 40 ℃,the phenomenon of crystal broking and jumping happened.展开更多
Hydrogels show versatile properties and are of great interest in the fields of bioelectronics and tissue engineering.Understanding the dynamics of the water molecules trapped in the three-dimensional polymeric network...Hydrogels show versatile properties and are of great interest in the fields of bioelectronics and tissue engineering.Understanding the dynamics of the water molecules trapped in the three-dimensional polymeric networks of the hydrogels is crucial to elucidate their mechanical and swelling properties at the molecular level.In this report,the poly(DMAEMA-co-AA)hydrogels were synthesized and characterized by the macroscopic swelling measurements under different pH conditions.Furthermore,the microscopic structural dynamics of pH stimulus-responsive hydrogels were studied using FTIR and ultrafast IR spectroscopies from the viewpoint of the SCN-anionic solute as the local vibrational reporter.Ultrafast IR spectroscopic measurements showed the time constants of the vibrational population decay of SCN-were increased from 14±1 ps to 20±1 ps when the pH of the hydrogels varied from2.0 to 12.0.Rotational anisotropy measurements further revealed that the rotation of SCNanionic probe was restricted by the three-dimensional network formed in the hydrogels and the rotation of SCN-anionic probe cannot decay to zero especially at the pH of 7.0.These results are expected to provide a molecular-level understanding of the microscopic structure of the cross-linked polymeric network in the pH stimulus-responsive hydrogels.展开更多
A screening of environmental conditions that would elicit robust biofilm in a collection of Serratia marcescens isolated from soil revealed that exogenous milk protein increased biofilm productivity up to ten-fold. A ...A screening of environmental conditions that would elicit robust biofilm in a collection of Serratia marcescens isolated from soil revealed that exogenous milk protein increased biofilm productivity up to ten-fold. A select screening of fish pathogens, freshwater and human isolates identified several other species that responded similarly to exogenous protein. The optimal protein concentration was species specific;S. marcescens at 5% milk protein, Aeromonas sp. at 2% - 3%, Flavobacterium columnare at 1% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.1% - 0.4%. Media supplemented with milk protein also increased the cell counts in biofilm as well as the protein incorporated into the biofilm matrix. These data suggest that relatively high concentrations of exogenous protein may serve as an environmental trigger for biofilm formation, particularly for pathogenic bacteria exposed to relatively high concentrations of protein in bodily fluids and mucosal surfaces.展开更多
Based on our preceding studies on the aerodynamics of a falcoperegrinus in diving flight along a vertical dam it is known that even when the body shape of the bird is rather streamlined in V-shape some feathers tips m...Based on our preceding studies on the aerodynamics of a falcoperegrinus in diving flight along a vertical dam it is known that even when the body shape of the bird is rather streamlined in V-shape some feathers tips may elevate in certain regions of the body. These regions were identified in wind tunnel tests for typical diving flight conditions as regions of locally separated flow. A life-size model in V-shape of a falcoperegrinus with artificial feathers fixed along the body was studied in a wind tunnel to focus on the fluid-structure interaction of feathers located in this sector. The distal ends of the feathers show flow-induced vibrations at typical flight conditions which grow linear in amplitude with increasing angle of incidence until incipient separation. In light of the proven existence of vibration-sensitive mechanoreceptors in the follicles of secondary feathers in birds it is hypothesized that this linear amplitude response offers the bird to sense the angle of incidence during the diving flight using the vibration magnitude as sensory stimulus. Thus the bird in streamlined shape has still a good measure to control its attitude to be in the narrow window of safe angle of incidence. This might have implications also for other birds or technical applications of airfoil sensors regarding incipient separation detection.展开更多
Stimulus-Response Compatibility (SRC) refers to the fact that some tasks are performed easier and better than others because of the way stimuli and responses are paired with each other. To assess the brain responses t...Stimulus-Response Compatibility (SRC) refers to the fact that some tasks are performed easier and better than others because of the way stimuli and responses are paired with each other. To assess the brain responses to stimulus-response conflicts, we investigated the behavioral (accuracy and Reaction Times: RTs) as well as the physiological response (Lateralized Readiness Potentials: LRP) modulations in a positional blocked and a conditional mixed design in twelve university students. Results revealed that the performance was less accurate and the RTs, as well as the LRP onset, were delayed under the mixed conditional design. A greater compatibility effect was also noted on accuracy, RTs and LRP onset latency in the mixed design. Consistent with these findings, smaller peak activation at fronto-central areas suggests that more selective inhibition is needed in a mixed design context. Despite a smaller activation, the topographical distribution is similar in both designs. These results indicate that the translation time between stimulus- and response codes are greater under the mixed instruction, while the similar LRP topography suggests that common neural structures underlie LRPs in response to both type of designs.展开更多
Although stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) have been used as a non-invasive measure of cochlear mechanics, clinical and experimental application of SFOAEs has been limited by difficulties in accurately...Although stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) have been used as a non-invasive measure of cochlear mechanics, clinical and experimental application of SFOAEs has been limited by difficulties in accurately deriving quantitative information from sound pressure measured in the ear canal. In this study, a novel signal processing method for multicomponent analysis (MCA) was used to measure the amplitude and delay of the SFOAE. This report shows the delay-frequency distribution of the SFOAE measured from the human ear. A low level acoustical suppressor near the probe tone significantly suppressed the SFOAE, strongly indicating that the SFOAE was generated at characteristic frequency locations. Information derived from this method may reveal more details of cochlear mechanics in the human ear.展开更多
Support SMEs Increase the scale of financial supports at various levels to support SMEs, sustain light & textile projects with promising market prospect, notable driving of employment and remarkable social benefit...Support SMEs Increase the scale of financial supports at various levels to support SMEs, sustain light & textile projects with promising market prospect, notable driving of employment and remarkable social benefits, and step up investments in construction of credit guarantee system and service展开更多
LIMPOPO Province in the far north of South Africa takes its name from the mighty Limpopo River. which forms the natural border with Zimbabwe. It is a region teeming with wildlife, and bountiful historical and cultural...LIMPOPO Province in the far north of South Africa takes its name from the mighty Limpopo River. which forms the natural border with Zimbabwe. It is a region teeming with wildlife, and bountiful historical and cultural treasures, along with spectacular scenery, Now the province, and its northern-most town. Musina. are on the verge of bigger things.展开更多
The State Council conducted researches and deployed measures to further expand domestic demand to facilitate steadfast economic growth, as well as nailed down ten measures, which will invest in a total of RMB four tri...The State Council conducted researches and deployed measures to further expand domestic demand to facilitate steadfast economic growth, as well as nailed down ten measures, which will invest in a total of RMB four trillion Yuan till the end of 2010 to stimulate domestic demand. Following that, the State Council issued six policies and measures to promote sound development of the light industry and other industries, like textile industry. This enables us to see the determination and action of the government in combating the financial storm and developing the social economy. Meanwhile, it is a good news to the textile industry in unfavorable situation, which can be deemed as an unprecedented powerful policy supports. Absolutely, this will bring a opportunity to China's textile industry. Therefore, we pick out items closely interrelated to the textile industry from the "10+6" policy for elaboration, so as to work out how we shall take full advantage of the supports. Wherein, the ten measures to expand domestic demand do not directly target the textile industry, but they will, with the implementation of various policies and investments, surely drive domestic demand to grow, and contribute to the growth of textile industry.展开更多
In the second quarter of 2018, the Chinese economy grew at 6.7 percent which is in line with expectations and marginally slower than the 6.8-percent growth recorded in the previous three quarters. Growth during the fi...In the second quarter of 2018, the Chinese economy grew at 6.7 percent which is in line with expectations and marginally slower than the 6.8-percent growth recorded in the previous three quarters. Growth during the first half this year also stands at 6.7 percent. Amidst the ongoing trade war with the United States, as of July 27, the renminbi (RMB) has fallen 8.2 percent against the dollar since April 2. Having fallen below 3,000 in June for the first time in two years.展开更多
文摘A new non-sinusoidal oscillation waveform is constructed for controlling themold oscillation during continuous casting. Casting velocity and oscillation parameters are thenestablished for a computer model of the continuous casting process. The waveform distortioncoefficient ? of waveform function is close to the waveform distortion rate a, so s is taken for awhen the basic parameters are selected initially. The waveform function can be created for the servohydraulic system or the mechanical driving system. Industrial scale experiments show the waveformfunction is effective.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Baosteel Group Co.Ltd.(Grant No.U1260203)Natural Science Foundation Steel and Iron Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.F2013203291)+1 种基金Doctor Startup Foundation of Hebei University of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.QD201247)Foundation of Hebei University of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.XL201004)
文摘The investments of the electro-hydraulic servo system of the mold non-sinusoidal oscillator are great, the modification ratio of the mechanical type is unable to be adjusted online, and some continuous casters suffer from server resonance during the casting. A mold non-sinusoidal oscillation mechanism driven by servomotor is proposed and the prototype is produced in the lab, the investment is low and the modification ratio is can be adjusted online, and the stability problem is studied. At first the dynamics model of the servomotor non-sinusoidal oscillation is established, and the kinematics differential function is deduced. Furthermore, based on the harmonic balance method, the eigenvalues of the system are solved; the criterion of the stability of the system is put forward. In addition, the eigenvalues and harmonic with different oscillating parameters are analyzed. Analytical results show that the real parts of the eigenvalues are positive, the system will be unstable, and the resonance will occur when the positive real parts of the eigenvalues are extremum. A foundation is established for solving the running smooth problem and next application of this mechanism.
文摘The line side winding is under the fundamental frequency AC voltage, while the valve side winding contains not only fundamental AC voltage component, but also the DC voltage component, fundamental AC voltage component, and higher harmonic voltage components when the converter transformer is at its normal operating condition, and the electric field of converter transformer is a non-sinusoidal steady one. To analyze the non-sinusoidal steady electric field containing the DC component, fundamental AC and higher harmonic components, the voltage spectrum of the valve winding in a ±500 kV converter transformer is firstly analyzed, and the non-sinusoidal periodic steady electric field is obtained by the fast discrete Fourier transform. Different resistivity of the oil and oil-immersed paper is adopted to simulate the aging of oil paper insulation at operation, and get the non-sinusoidal steady electric field.
文摘In this paper an attempt has been made to find the aperture field distribution in a rectangular waveguide for non-sinusoidal, periodic excitations using Multiple Cavity Modeling Technique. The excitation functions, considered, are square, trapezoidal and clipped sine wave in nature. In the present analysis these time domain excitation functions have been represented in terms of a truncated Fourier series consisting of the fundamental frequency and its higher harmonics. Within the waveguide the fundamental frequency will give rise to a dominant mode excitation whereas the higher order modes will excite dominant as higher order modes. If the higher harmonics are assumed suppressed then the waveguide is subjected only to a dominant mode excitation. Results for dominant mode reflection coefficient (magnitude), VSWR and complex transmission coefficient have been computed and compared with theoretical data. The excellent agreement between them validates the analysis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30370197,30570232
文摘BACKGROUND: Electrophysiological studies using brain slices have revealed that the developmental regulation of synaptic plasticity in vocal learning pathway is essential for song learning in zebra finches. Publications reporting in vivo electrophysiological investigation are scarce. Many aspects of neural mechanisms underlying song learning and production still remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of paired pulses and the effect on synaptic transmission induced by low-frequency stimulations, high-frequency stimulations, and theta-burst stimulations. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A comparative observation. The experiment was conducted from October 2006 to October 2007 in the Neurophysiology Laboratory of South-China Normal University. MATERIALS: Twenty-four adult male zebra finches were supplied by the Department of Animal Experiment of College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University. A SEN-7203 stimulator (NIHON KOHDEN), as well as a DSJ-731WF microelectrode amplifier and DSJ-F amplifier (provided by South-China Normal University), were used to stimulate and record, respectively. METHODS: Animals were randomly divided into low-frequency, high-frequency, and theta-burst frequency stimulation groups. After recording evoked potentials, an input-output curve was evaluated. Subsequently, the efficacy of paired pulses with different stimulus intensity (1/3, 1/2, 2/3, or 3/4 of the value that induced the largest synaptic response), as well as interpulse intervals (50, 75, and 100 ms), was measured in each group. The test stimulus intensity was set to a level that evoked 1/2 or 1/3 amplitude of the maximum response. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in amplitude, slope, and area of evoked potentials elicited by different stimulus patterns. RESULTS: (1) Efficacy of paired pulses: there was significant paired-pulse facilitation in the high vocal center and robust nucleus of the arcopallium (HVC-RA) synapse. Efficacy decreased when paired-pulse intervals or stimulus intensities were increased. (2) Low-frequency stimulations at 1 Hz had a negligible effect on efficacy of synaptic transmission, while 5 Hz depressed synaptic transmission for only 5 minutes. (3) High-frequency stimulations at 50 Hz or 100 Hz induced synaptic depression that lasted for up to 30 minutes. (4) Theta-burst stimulation depressed synaptic transmission efficiency significantly for about 10 minutes. However, in contrast to low-frequency or high-frequency stimulations, theta-burst stimulations also induced slight potentiation of synaptic transmission for up to 60 minutes following depression phase, although the slope or area did not change. CONCLUSION: Paired pulses induced a remarkable efficacy of paired pulses in the high vocal center and robust nucleus of the arcopallium pathway. Low-frequency, high-frequency, or theta-burst frequency stimulation did not induce long-lasting changes in synaptic transmission.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11832006,U1530262,21975024).
文摘Aluminum(Al) particles are good fuel additives to improve the energy output performances of explosives. Under detonation environment, reaction delay of Al particles plays a key role in the energy release efficiency. Up to date, reaction delay of Al particles is still limited by the efficiency of mass and heat transfer from oxidizers to Al particles. To address this issue, a homogeneous fuel-oxidizer assembly has recently become a promising strategy. In this work, oxidizer-activated Al fuel particles(ALG) were prepared with glycidyl azide polymer(GAP) as the oxidizer. The ALG was in uniform spherical shape and core-shell structure with shell layer of around 5 nm which was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The localized nanoscale mid-IR measurement detected the uniform distribution of characteristic absorption bond of GAP in the shell layer which confirmed the homogenous fuel-oxidizer structure of ALG. A thermal gravimetric analysis of ALG at ultrafast heating rate of 1000℃/min under argon atmosphere was conducted. The decomposition of GAP finished much earlier than that of GAP at heating rate of 10℃/min. Under ultrafast high laser fluence, the reaction response of ALG was characterized and compared with that of micro-sized Al(μAl). With the increase of laser energy, the propagation distance of the shock wave increased. However, the velocity histories were nearly the same when energies were lower than 299 mJ or higher than 706 mJ. The propagation distance of the shock wave for ALG was 0.5 mm larger than that for μAl at 2.1 μs. The underwater explosion showed the peak pressure and the shock wave energy of the ALG-based explosive were both higher than those of the μAl-based explosive at 2.5 m. This study shows the feasibility to improve the energy release of Al-based explosives via using the oxidizer-activated Al fuel particles with energetic polymer as the oxidizer.
文摘Summary: To study the mechanism of the innoxious touch-stimulus on the modulation of hyperalgesia and the expression of the C-fos and the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor-TrkA in the spinal dorsal horn neurons following the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats, 60 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group and CCI group, with each group being further divided into 3 subgroups on the 7th,14th and 28th day after operation (n=10). The mechanical and the thermal withdrawal threshold were assessed following the touch stiumulation after the CCI, immunohistochemical methods were employed to observe the expression of the C-fos and TrkA in spinal dorsal horn. Our results showed that the hyperalgesia appeared on the 4th day and reached the maximal level on the 14th day after operation. The expression of the C-fos also increased significantly and reached its maximal level on the 14th day after the touch-stimulus. Meanwhile, the TrkA expression was elevated significantly in both groups, as compared with basic data, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). It is concluded that the level of the C-fos expression changed with the paw withdrawal threshold variation and increased markedly following the innoxious touch-stimulus. The expression of the TrkA receptors also increased gradually following the development of the neuropathic pain. The results suggest that C-fos may play a crucial role in the development of the hyperalgesia in the earlier-time of the neuropathic pain, but TrkA receptors may be involved in the long-lasting adaptive changes of the central pathway in neuropathic pain.
文摘The thermal stability of normal lead styphnate( N-LTNR) has been studied under severe temperature(- 70 ℃- 130 ℃ for 5 days) with a high optical microscope and camera were used to observe apparent morphology and thermal gravimetric analysis was applied to study the physical changes. In addition,vacuum stability analysis,differential scanning calorimetry( DSC),thermal gravimetric analysis( TGA) and purity analysis were utilized to study the chemical changes. As well as flame sensitivity analysis were used to investigated the explosive changes. The results show that N-LTNR has good chemical stability and fire function stability between- 70 ℃ and 130 ℃,but poor physical stability. When the temperature was exceeded than 110 ℃,the N-LTNR lost crystal water which made the energetic material become darker in color,lager in volume and lighter in weight( 3. 416%) when the temperature was below- 40 ℃,the phenomenon of crystal broking and jumping happened.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21873062)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202001009)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basis Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2020JM-295)the 111 Project(B14041)Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in University(IRT-14R33)。
文摘Hydrogels show versatile properties and are of great interest in the fields of bioelectronics and tissue engineering.Understanding the dynamics of the water molecules trapped in the three-dimensional polymeric networks of the hydrogels is crucial to elucidate their mechanical and swelling properties at the molecular level.In this report,the poly(DMAEMA-co-AA)hydrogels were synthesized and characterized by the macroscopic swelling measurements under different pH conditions.Furthermore,the microscopic structural dynamics of pH stimulus-responsive hydrogels were studied using FTIR and ultrafast IR spectroscopies from the viewpoint of the SCN-anionic solute as the local vibrational reporter.Ultrafast IR spectroscopic measurements showed the time constants of the vibrational population decay of SCN-were increased from 14±1 ps to 20±1 ps when the pH of the hydrogels varied from2.0 to 12.0.Rotational anisotropy measurements further revealed that the rotation of SCNanionic probe was restricted by the three-dimensional network formed in the hydrogels and the rotation of SCN-anionic probe cannot decay to zero especially at the pH of 7.0.These results are expected to provide a molecular-level understanding of the microscopic structure of the cross-linked polymeric network in the pH stimulus-responsive hydrogels.
文摘A screening of environmental conditions that would elicit robust biofilm in a collection of Serratia marcescens isolated from soil revealed that exogenous milk protein increased biofilm productivity up to ten-fold. A select screening of fish pathogens, freshwater and human isolates identified several other species that responded similarly to exogenous protein. The optimal protein concentration was species specific;S. marcescens at 5% milk protein, Aeromonas sp. at 2% - 3%, Flavobacterium columnare at 1% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.1% - 0.4%. Media supplemented with milk protein also increased the cell counts in biofilm as well as the protein incorporated into the biofilm matrix. These data suggest that relatively high concentrations of exogenous protein may serve as an environmental trigger for biofilm formation, particularly for pathogenic bacteria exposed to relatively high concentrations of protein in bodily fluids and mucosal surfaces.
文摘Based on our preceding studies on the aerodynamics of a falcoperegrinus in diving flight along a vertical dam it is known that even when the body shape of the bird is rather streamlined in V-shape some feathers tips may elevate in certain regions of the body. These regions were identified in wind tunnel tests for typical diving flight conditions as regions of locally separated flow. A life-size model in V-shape of a falcoperegrinus with artificial feathers fixed along the body was studied in a wind tunnel to focus on the fluid-structure interaction of feathers located in this sector. The distal ends of the feathers show flow-induced vibrations at typical flight conditions which grow linear in amplitude with increasing angle of incidence until incipient separation. In light of the proven existence of vibration-sensitive mechanoreceptors in the follicles of secondary feathers in birds it is hypothesized that this linear amplitude response offers the bird to sense the angle of incidence during the diving flight using the vibration magnitude as sensory stimulus. Thus the bird in streamlined shape has still a good measure to control its attitude to be in the narrow window of safe angle of incidence. This might have implications also for other birds or technical applications of airfoil sensors regarding incipient separation detection.
文摘Stimulus-Response Compatibility (SRC) refers to the fact that some tasks are performed easier and better than others because of the way stimuli and responses are paired with each other. To assess the brain responses to stimulus-response conflicts, we investigated the behavioral (accuracy and Reaction Times: RTs) as well as the physiological response (Lateralized Readiness Potentials: LRP) modulations in a positional blocked and a conditional mixed design in twelve university students. Results revealed that the performance was less accurate and the RTs, as well as the LRP onset, were delayed under the mixed conditional design. A greater compatibility effect was also noted on accuracy, RTs and LRP onset latency in the mixed design. Consistent with these findings, smaller peak activation at fronto-central areas suggests that more selective inhibition is needed in a mixed design context. Despite a smaller activation, the topographical distribution is similar in both designs. These results indicate that the translation time between stimulus- and response codes are greater under the mixed instruction, while the similar LRP topography suggests that common neural structures underlie LRPs in response to both type of designs.
基金Supported in part by research grants from the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders(R01 DC 00141 and R03 DC033642)the National Institutes of Health+2 种基金the Research Fund of the American Otological Societythe Medical Research Foundation of OregonVA RR&D Center Grant RCTR-597-0160,Portland,VAMC
文摘Although stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) have been used as a non-invasive measure of cochlear mechanics, clinical and experimental application of SFOAEs has been limited by difficulties in accurately deriving quantitative information from sound pressure measured in the ear canal. In this study, a novel signal processing method for multicomponent analysis (MCA) was used to measure the amplitude and delay of the SFOAE. This report shows the delay-frequency distribution of the SFOAE measured from the human ear. A low level acoustical suppressor near the probe tone significantly suppressed the SFOAE, strongly indicating that the SFOAE was generated at characteristic frequency locations. Information derived from this method may reveal more details of cochlear mechanics in the human ear.
文摘Support SMEs Increase the scale of financial supports at various levels to support SMEs, sustain light & textile projects with promising market prospect, notable driving of employment and remarkable social benefits, and step up investments in construction of credit guarantee system and service
文摘LIMPOPO Province in the far north of South Africa takes its name from the mighty Limpopo River. which forms the natural border with Zimbabwe. It is a region teeming with wildlife, and bountiful historical and cultural treasures, along with spectacular scenery, Now the province, and its northern-most town. Musina. are on the verge of bigger things.
文摘The State Council conducted researches and deployed measures to further expand domestic demand to facilitate steadfast economic growth, as well as nailed down ten measures, which will invest in a total of RMB four trillion Yuan till the end of 2010 to stimulate domestic demand. Following that, the State Council issued six policies and measures to promote sound development of the light industry and other industries, like textile industry. This enables us to see the determination and action of the government in combating the financial storm and developing the social economy. Meanwhile, it is a good news to the textile industry in unfavorable situation, which can be deemed as an unprecedented powerful policy supports. Absolutely, this will bring a opportunity to China's textile industry. Therefore, we pick out items closely interrelated to the textile industry from the "10+6" policy for elaboration, so as to work out how we shall take full advantage of the supports. Wherein, the ten measures to expand domestic demand do not directly target the textile industry, but they will, with the implementation of various policies and investments, surely drive domestic demand to grow, and contribute to the growth of textile industry.
文摘In the second quarter of 2018, the Chinese economy grew at 6.7 percent which is in line with expectations and marginally slower than the 6.8-percent growth recorded in the previous three quarters. Growth during the first half this year also stands at 6.7 percent. Amidst the ongoing trade war with the United States, as of July 27, the renminbi (RMB) has fallen 8.2 percent against the dollar since April 2. Having fallen below 3,000 in June for the first time in two years.