内河船闸浮式系船柱系缆高度及浮筒关键参数研究

针对当前内河船闸浮式系船柱设计标准不一、关键参数拟定不够科学合理的问题,进行浮式系船柱系缆高度及浮筒关键参数研究。通过分析浮式系船柱设计参数及船闸运营经验,归纳几种典型结构形式浮式系船柱的结构特征及适用范围,得出适用于各级别船闸的浮式系船柱系缆高度的取值范围,以及浮筒吃水深度、直径和高度的取值依据。研究结果可有效指导船闸浮式系船柱关键设计参数的选取,对推动船闸浮式系船柱标准化、系列化设计具有重要意义。

The Nature of Inertia Explained Using the Field Theory

Analysis of free fall and acceleration of the mass on the Earth shows that using abstract entities such as absolute space or inertial space to explain mass dynamics leads to the violation of the principle of action and reaction. Many scientists including Newton, Mach, and Einstein recognized that inertial force has no reaction that originates on mass. Einstein calls the lack of reaction to the inertial force a serious criticism of the space-time continuum concept. Presented is the hypothesis that the inertial force develops in an interaction of two masses via the force field. The inertial force created by such a field has reaction force. The dynamic gravitational field predicted is strong enough to be detected in the laboratory. This article describes the laboratory experiment which can prove or disprove the hypothesis of the dynamic gravitational field. The inertial force, calculated using the equation for the dynamic gravitational field, agrees with the behavior of inertial force observed in the experiments on the Earth. The movement of the planets in our solar system calculated using that equation is the same as that calculated using Newton’s method. The space properties calculated by the candidate equation explain the aberration of light and the results of light propagation experiments. The dynamic gravitational field can explain the discrepancy between the observed velocity of stars in the galaxy and those predicted by Newton’s theory of gravitation without the need for the dark matter hypothesis.

船闸浮式系船柱力学模型验证

针对大型船舶过闸期间系缆力难以实时量化监测的问题,通过对船闸浮式系船柱应变-系缆力受荷响应力学模型进行修正,采取实船试验对修正后的模型进行验证分析,统计过闸船舶系缆力实测历时曲线数据。结果表明:修正后的浮式系船柱受荷响应力学模型基本符合过闸船舶实测系缆力实时变化趋势,实测的船舶系缆力峰值与模型反演计算值之间的相对误差在±5%以内,修正后的力学模型能够准确地预测船闸浮式系船柱的受荷情况。研究结果可为船闸浮式系船柱数字化监测和工程化建设提供参考。

船闸浮式系船柱升级改造设计与应用

随着船舶大型化的推进,部分船闸无法较好地满足过闸船舶安全系缆。以株洲一线船闸为例,在浮式系船柱井槽不变的前提下,对浮式系船柱进行升级改造设计。通过改变浮式系船柱结构形式,优化系缆高度、浮筒直径以及吃水深度等关键参数,将系缆力提升至100 kN,双层系缆高度分别提高至1 900和3 700 mm。经过有限元计算分析验证,系船架结构的强度、刚度均满足要求。工程实践表明:改造后的浮式系船柱边界参数与井槽尺寸匹配合理,投产后运行可靠,船舶过闸系缆解缆效果良好,可为类似船闸工程浮式系船柱的升级改造设计提供参考。

整体全钢浮式系船柱埋件在白石窑枢纽船闸工程中的应用

传统系船柱埋件是通过预留二期槽进行二期施工,需要对二期槽搭设脚手架、二期槽凿毛、绑扎钢筋、安装模板、浇筑混凝土等工序,需耗费大量材料、人工,且对施工工期影响较大。针对以上问题,提出了一种整体全钢浮式系船柱埋件装置,该装置在白石窑枢纽二线船闸、白石窑枢纽拆除重建一线船闸浮式系船柱埋件施工中取得了良好的效果,有效克服了传统系船柱埋件二期施工的种种不足。

Noether symmetry and conserved quantity for dynamical system with non-standard Lagrangians on time scales

This paper focuses on studying the Noether symmetry and the conserved quantity with non-standard Lagrangians, namely exponential Lagrangians and power-law Lagrangians on time scales. Firstly, for each case, the Hamilton prin- ciple based on the action with non-standard Lagrangians on time scales is established, with which the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation is given. Secondly, according to the invariance of the Hamilton action under the infinitesimal transformation, the Noether theorem for the dynamical system with non-standard Lagrangians on time scales is established. The proof of the theorem consists of two steps. First, it is proved under the infinitesimal transformations of a special one-parameter group without transforming time. Second, utilizing the technique of time-re-parameterization, the Noether theorem in a general form is obtained. The Noether-type conserved quantities with non-standard Lagrangians in both clas- sical and discrete cases are given. Finally, an example in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime and an example about second order Duffing equation are given to illustrate the application of the results.

Numerical Evaluation of Rudder Performance Behind a Propeller in Bollard Pull Condition

Correct evaluation of rudder performance is a key issue in assessing ship maneuverability.This paper presents a simplified approach based on a viscous flow solver to address propeller and rudder interactions.Viscous flow solvers have been applied to this type of problems,but the large computational requests limit(or even prevent)their application at a preliminary ship design stage.Based on this idea,a simplified approach to include the propeller effect in front of the rudder is considered to speed up the solution.Based on the concept of body forces,this approach enables sufficiently fast computation for a preliminary ship design stage,therebymaintaining its reliability.To define the limitations of the proposed procedure,an extensive analysis of the simplified method is performed and the results are compared with experimental data presented in the literature.Initially,the reported results show the capability of the body-force approach to represent the inflow field to the rudder without the full description of the propeller,also with regard to the complex bollard pull condition.Consequently,the rudder forces are satisfactorily predicted at least with regard to the lift force.However,the drag force evaluation ismore problematic and causes higher discrepancies.Nevertheless,these discrepancies may be accepted due to their lower influence on the overall ship maneuverability performance.

Development of Shallow Footing Anti-Ram Bollard System Through Modeling and Testing

In past terrorist attacks, vehicle borne improvised explosive devices (VBIED) have been the primary manner of attacking buildings and infrastructures. Preventing unauthorized vehicles from approaching a protected area with anti-ram systems would maintain an established standoff distance against moving and stationary vehicles and consequently reduce blast and debris threats. This strategy has been considered the first line of defence against terrorists. Several types of anti-ram devices have been developed in accordance with U. S. Department of State K-rating criteria, for example, wedge barriers, rising beams, sliding/swing gates, and drop arms. However, these devices typically need a deep foundation for installation and can't be implemented into many locations where a depth of excavation is limited in order to protect utility lines of buildings and infrastructures. This paper presents a recent development of a series of shallow footing anti-ram bollard systems (SFABS) that can satisfy K-12 rating with only five-inch thick footing. A high-fidelity physics based finite element technique with a vehicle crash model is used for predicting anti-ram capacity and determining design parameters of the SFABS. Full-scale vehicle crash tests of the developed SFABS systems have been carried out to validate the design and analysis.

Effects of Boundary Conditions on the Design of Anti-Ram Bollards

Anti-ram bollards used in perimeter protection are tested to meet performance requirements of established standards such as the US Department of State Specification SD-STD-02.01. Under these standards, tests are conducted in prescribed conditions that should be representative of the service installation. In actual project, conditions encountered on site may vary from the test environment and it would be expensive and time consuming to validate each deviation with a physical test. High-fidelity physics-based (HFPB) finite element modeling can provide precise simulations of the behavior of anti-ram bollards. This paper presents the use of HFPB finite element modeling, using LS-DYNA, in an actual project to evaluate the performance of an anti-ram bollard design subjected to various boundary conditions representing the physical conditions encountered on site. The study shows that boundary conditions can have a significant influence on the performance of the anti-ram bollards. This suggests that anti-ram bollards must be designed and engineered according to actual conditions that are found on site. It also shows that HFPB modeling can be an effective tool that supplements physical testing of anti-ram bollards.

Optimal design and dynamic impact tests of removable bollards

Anti-ram bollard systems, which are installed around buildings and infrastructure, can prevent unauthorized vehicles from entering, maintain distance from vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices （VBIED） and reduce the corresponding damage. Compared with a fixed bollard system, a removable bollard system provides more flexibility as it can be removed when needed. This paper first proposes a new type of K4-rated removable anti-ram bollard system. To simulate the collision of a vehicle hitting the bollard system, a finite element model was then built and verified through comparison of numerical simulation results and existing experimental results. Based on the orthogonal design method, the factors influencing the safety and economy of this proposed system were examined and sorted according to their importance. An optimal design scheme was then produced. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme, four dynamic impact tests, including two front impact tests and two side impact tests, have been conducted according to BSI Specifications. The residual rotation angles of the specimen are smaller than 30~ and satisfy the requirements of the BSI Specification.

船闸浮式系船柱系缆安全监测方法研究

为保障浮式系船柱的系缆安全,依托京杭大运河某代表性船闸,针对其浮式系船柱的实际结构特点,根据数学力学基本原理推导构建了可反映浮式系船柱柱身应变信号与船舶系缆力二者之间定量关系的表达式。在此基础上,提出一套针对船闸浮式系船柱系缆安全的监测方法。为了验证该安全监测方法的可靠性,对依托船闸中的代表性浮式系船柱开展了现场试验。通过将安全监测方法所获得的船舶系缆力与传统载荷量测手段测得的系缆力值进行对比,发现二者的相对误差低于15%,表明提出的船闸浮式系船柱系缆安全监测方法具有较高的测量精度。

A Project Management and Decision Support System for Non-standard Equipment's Eexecuting Work

Based on the features of the non-standard equipment executing work, a project management and decision support system oriented to the non-standard equipment is developed, and the information model, function model as well as the structure framework of the system are also introduced in this paper.

船闸闸室墙开裂机理及防裂方法研究

船闸闸室墙在中间浮式系船柱附近的混凝土易产生裂缝,影响船闸工程整体稳定性。通过对闸室混凝土的温度应力展开仿真分析和实际船闸工程混凝土裂缝调研,发现整浇闸墙中间系船柱附近和上下游侧墙中间下部混凝土在施工期易产生竖向裂缝。因此,考虑闸墙中部采用后浇带的方式,并且比较了后浇带不同施工方案,发现采用后浇带能降低闸室上下游侧墙混凝土的最大主应力,防止裂缝的产生;但仅采用后浇带的方式,会导致中间浮式系船柱附近的后浇混凝土开裂风险增加;因此,可通过改变后浇带浇筑顺序和采用微膨胀混凝土的方式,提高中间浮式系船柱附近混凝土的抗裂能力。

可拆卸式钢管混凝土防撞柱抗冲击性能研究

对6根不同截面尺寸的支座可拆卸式钢管混凝土防撞柱进行水平撞击试验,采集了撞击力、柱身侧向位移和动态高速撞击视频;基于考虑钢材和混凝土应变率效应及材料之间的接触关系建立了可拆卸式防撞柱在水平撞击作用下的简化数值模型,计算结果与试验结果对比表明,简化数值模型可以很好模拟刚体撞击过程;采用有效数值模型对可拆卸式防撞柱进行了参数分析,基于参数分析结果对可拆卸式防撞柱设计方案进行了优化。

Canonical Transformations and Poisson Theory for Dynamics with Non-Standard Lagrangians

The canonical transformation and Poisson theory of dynamical systems with exponential,power-law,and logarithmic non-standard Lagrangians are studied,respectively.The criterion equations of canonical transformation are established,and four basic forms of canonical transformations are given.The dynamic equations with non-standard Lagrangians admit Lie algebraic structure.From this,we es-tablish the Poisson theory,which makes it possible to find new conservation laws through known conserved quantities.Some examples are put forward to demonstrate the use of the theory and verify its effectiveness.

船舶在风浪中的加速能力评估方法

针对内贸集装箱船在风浪中加速能力评估方法缺失的现状,从低速、肥大型集装箱船的特点出发,结合螺旋桨水动力特性及船舶在风浪中的加速分析,简化船舶在极端风浪中的推进工况,分析与船舶加速能力相关的关键要素,结合主机快速越过转速禁区的条件,给出船舶在风浪中的加速能力评估方法,将船舶系柱状态下在转速禁区上界的转矩余量作为第一层衡准,通过计算船舶高海况下在螺旋桨常用转速下的转矩余量作为第二层衡准,在设计阶段对船舶在风浪中的加速能力进行评估,给出计算流程,实船计算案例验证该评估可行。

极地螺旋桨空化引起的系柱推力下降问题研究

极地船舶破冰航行时,常处于系柱工况或低进速工况,此时易发生螺旋桨空化,引起推力下降,严重影响破冰能力。为有效指导极地螺旋桨水动力性能设计,该文从模型试验和数值模拟这2种方法入手,针对极地螺旋桨系柱工况下由空化引起的推力下降问题进行研究。首先,在空泡水筒设施中分别开展某自主设计极地螺旋桨的敞水性能试验和系柱工况推力下降试验。结果表明:受空泡水筒工作段空间限制与螺旋桨诱导速度影响,模型试验难以满足零进速条件,无法真实反映系柱工况的螺旋桨推力下降特征。为此,文中进一步开展基于Star-CCM+软件的数值模拟研究。通过对比敞水预报结果与模型试验结果,验证了数值计算精度,并开展系柱工况和低进速工况的推力下降数值模拟。结果表明:模型试验测得的系柱工况推力下降趋势与低进速工况数值结果相符,而在系柱工况模拟中,螺旋桨推力下降点与低进速工况相比出现更早,转速空化数σ_(n)=2.00时,推力即开始迅速下降;转速空化数σ_(n)=1.00时,该极地螺旋桨推力下降至敞水工况的43.9%,造成水动力性能显著恶化。分析系柱推力下降机理机制,发现其发生的主要原因是叶面平均压力在叶背空泡影响下大幅减小。

船闸浮式系船柱受荷响应力学模型

随着通航船舶大型化的快速发展,对船闸浮式系船柱等通航设施提出了更高的要求。为保障船闸浮式系船柱结构在运行状态下的系缆安全,依托于某大型船闸工程项目,基于材料力学的基本理论推导得到了船舶系缆力与浮式系船柱柱身应变之间的定量关系,结合系缆力作用下浮式系船柱有限元模型的应变值计算结果,建立了船闸浮式系船柱的受荷响应力学模型。当浮式系船柱柱身同一截面位置指定测点处的应变已知时,便可基于该模型计算得出浮式系船柱所受系缆力,用以评估过闸船舶的系缆安全。通过将模型预测值与数值仿真计算结果进行对比分析,验证了模型的精度。研究成果可为实现船闸浮式系船柱在服役状态下的自动化感知预警及安全评估提供技术支撑。

基于缆桩表面应力的船舶缆绳载荷测量方法

为解决配备系缆桩码头的船舶缆绳载荷测量问题,提出一种基于缆桩表面应力测量的缆绳载荷间接测量方法.采用应变电测法测量缆桩表面的应力,建立在缆绳载荷作用下缆桩表面应力理论计算模型;通过将测量值与理论计算模型联立方程组,求解得到缆绳载荷轴向分量和径向分量,合成缆绳载荷值;基于虚拟仪器技术搭建船舶缆绳载荷间接测量系统.实验结果显示,该系统的测量精度较高,缆桩表面应力与缆桩所受的缆绳载荷之间存在明显的对应关系.该方法可以作为配备缆桩码头的船舶缆绳载荷测量的有效途径.

新型浮式系缆装置关键技术及可靠性分析

水位的瞬间变幅对水电站下游直立式码头靠泊安全影响巨大。借鉴船闸浮式系船柱原理提出了新型码头浮式系缆装置,在浮筒上对称地设4个弹簧平衡装置,可有效解决在较大系船缆绳拉力情况下,装置升降过程的不平衡阻力等关键技术问题。经依托金沙江水富港综合码头进行理论计算和模型实验验证表明,该技术是可行的,并可在类似工程中推广应用。