Bending stress of rolling element in elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing

A new structure design method of elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing is proposed, in which PTFE is embedded into a hollow cylindrical rolling element, according to the principle of creative combinations and through innovation research on cylindrical roller bearing structure. In order to systematically investigate the inner wall bending stress of the rolling element in elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing, finite element analysis on different elastic composite cylindrical rolling elements was conducted. The results show that, the bending stress of the elastic composite cylindrical rolling increases along with the increase of hollowness with the same filling material. The bending stress of the elastic composite cylindrical rolling element decreases along with the increase of the elasticity modulus of the material under the same physical dimension. Under the same load, on hollow cylindrical rolling element, the maximum bending tensile stress values of the elastic composite cylindrical rolling element after material filling at 0° and 180° are 8.2% and 9.5%, respectively, lower than those of the deep cavity hollow cylindrical rolling element. In addition, the maximum bending-compressive stress value at 90° is decreased by 6.1%.

Stiffness of high-speed cylindrical roller bearing subjected to radial force and bending moment

Presents a practical way of calculation for stiffness of cylindrical roller bearing based on traditional quasistatic analytical methods subject to radial force and bending moment,which take into consideration the effect of such factors as thickness of oil elastohydrodynamic film,pressure,shear force,friction force of cage,centrifugal force and slides,taken into consideration and presents the results of stiffness calculation with a typical example with an aeroengine cylindrical roller bearing were given in the paper.And,discusses the effect of major parameters’influence on stiffness.

Robust Optimization Method of Cylindrical Roller Bearing by Maximizing Dynamic Capacity Using Evolutionary Algorithms

Optimization of cylindrical roller bearings(CRBs)has been performed using a robust design.It ensures that the changes in the objective function,even in the case of variations in design variables during manufacturing,have a minimum possible value and do not exceed the upper limit of a desired range of percentage variation.Also,it checks the feasibility of design outcome in presence of manufacturing tolerances in design variables.For any rolling element bearing,a long life indicates a satisfactory performance.In the present study,the dynamic load carrying capacity C,which relates to fatigue life,has been optimized using the robust design.In roller bearings,boundary dimensions(i.e.,bearing outer diameter,bore diameter and width)are standard.Hence,the performance is mainly affected by the internal dimensions and not the bearing boundary dimensions mentioned formerly.In spite of this,besides internal dimensions and their tolerances,the tolerances in boundary dimensions have also been taken into consideration for the robust optimization.The problem has been solved with the elitist non-dominating sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II).Finally,for the visualization and to ensure manufacturability of CRB using obtained values,radial dimensions drawing of one of the optimized CRB has been made.To check the robustness of obtained design after optimization,a sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to find out how much the variation in the objective function will be in case of variation in optimized value of design variables.Optimized bearings have been found to have improved life as compared with standard ones.

A combined experimental and analytical method to determine the EHL friction force distribution between rollers and outer raceway in a cylindrical roller bearing

Friction force is a crucial factor causing power loss and fatigue spalling of rolling element bearings.A combined experimental and analytical method is proposed to quantitatively determine the elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL)friction force distribution between rollers and outer raceway in a cylindrical roller bearing(CRB).An experimental system with the instrumented bearing and housing was developed for measuring radial load distribution and friction torque of bearings.A simplified model of friction force expressed by dimensionless speed,load,and material parameters was given.An inequality constrained optimization problem was established and solved by using an experimental data-driven learning algorithm for determining the uncertain parameters in the model.The effect of speed,load,and lubricant property on friction force and friction coefficient was discussed.

Mechanical performance analysis of hollow cylindrical roller bearing of cone bit by FEM

Bearings are key components of cone bit,thus its rapid failure is a major cause of leading to lower life of the bit.To improve the bearing performance and prolong working life,contact mechanics of hollow cylindrical roller bearing of cone bit was simulated.Effects of hollow size,drilling pressure,friction coefficient and fitting clearance on mechanics performance of the bearing were studied.The results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the hollow cylindrical roller bearing appears on the claw journal,and the maximum contact stress appears on the contact pair of the hollow roller.Besides,hollow sizes have a greater impact on the equivalent stress and contact stress of the cylindrical roller,while the influence on the stress of the cone and claw journal is relatively small.With the increasing of the drilling pressure and fitting clearance,equivalent stress and contact stress of bearing parts increase.The friction coefficient has little impact on mechanical performance of the bearing.As the 121/4SWPI517 type hollow cylindrical roller bearing of cone bit an example,the optimal hollow size is 55%,the drilling pressure is 140 kN and the fitting clearance is 0e0.02 mm.

Post-testing measurement of freely movable and diffusible hydrogen in context of WEC formation at cylindrical roller thrust bearings from 100Cr6

Sub-surface crack networks in areas of altered microstructure are a common cause for bearing failures.Due to its appearance under light microscopy,the damage pattern is referred to as White Etching Cracks(WEC).The root causes leading to the formation of WEC are still under debate.Nevertheless,it has already been shown that atomic hydrogen can have an accelerating effect on the formation and propagation of WEC.In addition to hydrogen pre-charging,hydrogen can be released and absorbed during rolling/sliding due to the decomposing of the lubricant and water.The current work focuses on the analysis of the hydrogen content of cylindrical roller thrust bearings after testing in a FE8 type test rig using two different lubricants.Within the framework of this work,two different hydrogen analysis methods were used and assessed regarding their applicability.The results show that the so-called Hydrogen Collecting Analysis(HCA)is more suitable to investigate the correlation between lubricant chemistry and hydrogen content in the test bearings than the Local Hydrogen Analysis(LHA).The measurements with the HCA show a continuously increasing freely movable and diffusible hydrogen content under tribological conditions,which leads to the formation of WEC.Comparative tests with an oil without hydrogen showed that the tendency of the system to fail as a result of WEC can be reduced by using a lubricant without hydride compounds.

考虑滚道缺陷的圆柱滚子轴承保持架振动特性

基于滚动轴承多体动力学理论,以滚子经过滚道缺陷区域时产生的附加位移表征故障,建立轴承滚道缺陷动力学模型。考虑滚子进出缺陷区域时与滚道间接触载荷的变化,建立圆柱滚子轴承动力学微分方程组并求解,研究滚道缺陷时保持架振动响应规律。结果表明:与正常轴承相比,滚道缺陷会导致保持架与滚子间碰撞力增大且接触频率增加,同时保持架打滑率增大;随缺陷宽度增大,内滚道缺陷时保持架振动加速度级逐渐增加,外滚道缺陷时保持架振动加速度级先减小后增加,缺陷宽度大于1 mm后,内滚道缺陷时保持架的振动加速度级明显更大。

凹坑织构位置对81107轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过在机械零件表面进行织构化来改善其摩擦磨损性能的方法已经得到广泛的认可,但其在滚动轴承的应用与研究较少。考虑到滚子与滚道接触区域的内外侧应力较大而中间位置应力相对较小,在81107轴承的轴圈上分别设计并制备了1/4内侧、1/4外侧、1/2内侧、1/2外侧、3/4内侧、3/4外侧、双侧以及全织构等8种不同位置分布的凹坑织构化试样,并利用MMW-1A型万能摩擦磨损试验机、三维非接触式形貌仪和电子天平等设备进行了试验和表征。结果表明:外侧分布织构试样的摩擦磨损性能比内侧的好;1/4外侧分布试样的摩擦磨损性能最好。与光滑轴承相比,磨损量降低了16%,平均摩擦系数降低了47%。这将为滚动轴承的滚道设计和优化提供重要参考。

基于变载工况的海上风电机组主轴轴承刚柔耦合动态响应分析

针对海上风电机组主轴用三排圆柱滚子轴承在恒载工况下的仿真结果存在局限性、片面性的问题,提出了一种变载工况下的仿真分析方法,建立了轴承接触力学模型和柔性体模型并对轴承内圈、外圈、保持架进行了刚柔耦合处理。基于变载工况,分析了刚性模型与刚柔耦合模型的理论速度、仿真速度以及加速度响应,并通过刚柔耦合模型研究了三排圆柱滚子轴承内部不同接触表面的接触力特性,结果表明:刚性模型的自转误差比刚柔耦合模型大3.67~22.6倍,刚柔耦合模型的加速度趋势更加平稳且速度波动更小;近风叶轮毂端的推力滚子受力约是远端推力滚子的1.85倍,保持架的平均受力是远端保持架的1.6倍。

内外圈相对倾斜对圆柱滚子轴承寿命的影响

采用Romax Designer工程分析软件对某大兆瓦风电机组齿轮箱进行整体建模,应用经典滚动轴承理论和“切片法”基本思想,对齿轮箱输出轴圆柱滚子轴承在不同内外圈相对倾斜情况下的接触应力、修形效果和轴承寿命进行大量分析计算;重点对轴承ISO/TS 16281寿命进行分析,分析内外圈相对倾斜量对ISO/TS 16281寿命的影响以及对未修形和对数修形最佳修形凸度量时两种情况下寿命的影响;还将ISO 281寿命和ISO/TS 16281寿命进行对比。研究结果表明,无论轴承是否修形,内外圈相对倾斜对轴承ISO/TS 16281寿命影响非常大,倾斜量越大,ISO/TS 16281寿命越短,对应的最佳修形凸度量越大,相应修形效果越好,ISO/TS 16281:2008额定寿命提高得越大;在内外圈相对倾斜量相同的情况下,ISO/TS 16281寿命与ISO281寿命相差非常大。研究结果可为圆柱滚子轴承优化设计提供参考。

圆柱滚子轴承打滑蹭伤仿真计算

针对高速轻载轴承发生蹭伤的问题,基于滚动轴承内部元件的相互作用及滚动轴承动力学,建立了圆柱滚子轴承动力学分析模型和损伤因子模型,利用损伤因子模型构建了轴承打滑蹭伤判断准则,对轴承工况参数和结构参数与损伤因子之间的关系进行了研究,并研制了相应的试验装置对轴承打滑蹭伤理论进行验证。结果表明:高速轻载轴承打滑蹭伤易发生在滚子进入承载区的过程中,并造成内圈的蹭伤;轴承转速升高,载荷减小,环境温度升高及径向游隙的增大均会导致损伤因子增大,当轴承损伤因子大于14.2×10^(7)时,轴承将发生蹭伤。

圆柱滚子轴承椭圆兜孔副的静动特性及稳定性研究

目的探究椭圆兜孔形面参数对兜孔-滚子副静动特性及稳定性的影响,为圆柱滚子轴承降摩减振的兜孔优化设计提供理论依据。方法基于流体动力润滑理论,建立椭圆兜孔-滚子副热流体动力润滑数学模型,采用有限差分法和超松弛迭代法实现模型的求解,计算不同兜孔无量纲椭圆度和弧面偏置角下椭圆兜孔-滚子副的油膜压力分布、周向承载力、摩擦因数、温升、刚度、阻尼及界限失稳转速,研究兜孔无量纲椭圆度和弧面偏置角对兜孔-滚子副静动特性及稳定性的影响规律。结果当无量纲椭圆度从0增加到4.61×10^(–3),压力峰值先增大、后趋于平稳,周向承载力逐渐降低,摩擦因数先降低、后升高,最大温升先减小、后趋于平稳,刚度、阻尼及界限失稳转速先升高后趋于平稳。当无量纲椭圆度为1.32×10^(–3)时,椭圆兜孔-滚子副摩擦学性能最佳,温升较低,稳定性最好。当弧面偏置角从0°增加到150°,压力峰值和周向承载力先增加、后减小,摩擦因数和最大温升先减小、后升高,刚度、阻尼及界限失稳转速先升高、后降低。当弧面偏置角较小或较大时,周向承载力急剧下降。当弧面偏置角为90°时,椭圆兜孔-滚子副的润滑性能较好。结论兜孔无量纲椭圆度和弧面偏置角对兜孔-滚子副的静动特性及稳定性影响显著。选择合适的兜孔无量纲椭圆度和弧面偏置角可明显提高兜孔-滚子副的承载能力和摩擦学性能,有效抑制温升,显著增加刚度、阻尼及界限失稳转速。

考虑轨道不平顺激励的轴箱轴承振动特性分析

轴箱轴承在运行工况下的振动特性对于保障行车安全具有重要意义。首先,基于Ansys与Simpack联合仿真平台,分别建立了轨道-车辆系统动力学模型和考虑外圈局部故障的轴承座-轴承有限元模型;其次,对动力学模型施加轨道不平顺激励,输出轴箱径向载荷作为有限元模型的外载荷;然后,将仿真值与理论值进行对比,证明了所建立的轴箱轴承联合仿真模型的有效性;最后,基于此模型分析了轨道不平顺激励时不同宽度故障以及不同故障边缘对轴承振动特性的影响。结果表明:随着故障宽度的增加,轴箱轴承整体振动加速度RMS逐渐变大,故障冲击的幅值以及包络谱的特征能量值先增大后减小;随着故障边缘平缓程度的增加,轴箱轴承整体振动加速度RMS值、故障冲击的幅值以及包络谱的特征能量值逐渐降低;轨道不平顺激励增加了轴承的振动。

径向游隙对圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命的影响

应用经典的滚动轴承理论和“切片法”的基本思想,以某大兆瓦风电机组齿轮箱输出轴轴承为例,采用Romax Designer工程分析软件,计算了圆柱滚子轴承不同径向游隙时的轴承内部载荷分布、接触应力、套圈滚道当量动载荷和寿命,分析径向游隙对轴承ISO/TS 16281寿命的影响。研究结果表明:径向游隙不仅通过对轴承内部载荷分布、接触应力和套圈滚道当量动载荷的影响而对寿命产生影响,还通过对寿命修正系数等因素的影响而对寿命产生影响。研究结果可为滚子类轴承的优化设计提供参考。

基于智能滚子的轴承接触载荷测量方法

针对三排圆柱滚子轴承接触载荷难以测量的问题,在有限元仿真和谐波分析的基础上提出了接触载荷连续测量方法并设计了用于测量轴承接触载荷的智能滚子。以某型号盾构机主轴承为例,首先根据接触载荷连续测量方法设计了相应的载荷传感器以及智能滚子,然后通过虚拟组桥仿真分析了接触载荷连续测量方法消除滚子自转角度对载荷测量影响的能力,最后通过标定试验获取载荷传感器输出与接触载荷间的线性关系进而实现接触载荷测量。结果表明:智能滚子内孔壁上的环向应变是关于滚子自转角度的具有谐波性的函数;设计的载荷传感器可以较好地消除滚子自转对载荷测量的影响,能够实现轴承接触载荷的连续测量。

弹簧预紧力对轴承滚子不平衡量检测仪振动响应的影响

以圆柱滚子动不平衡量检测仪的气浮检测装置为研究对象,通过试验研究了不同预紧力对气浮检测装置振动响应的影响,建立振动系统-滚子动力学模型分析振幅的影响因素及弹簧预紧力对振动系统阻尼比的影响,结果表明:气浮检测装置的振动响应随动不平衡量的增加而增大,其主要受振动系统质量和阻尼比的限制;随着弹簧预紧力的增大,振动系统阻尼比先减小后增大,在预紧力为1.96 N时取得最小值;系统共振振幅只与阻尼比的变化有关,与滚子随转频衰减的离心力无关。

弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器一体化圆柱滚子轴承保持架振动特性分析

航空发动机主轴中滚动轴承为了降低系统振动经常与弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(elastic ring squeeze film damper, ERSFD)联合使用。基于滚动轴承动力学理论和流体力学控制方程,采用变步长积分算法建立圆柱滚子轴承与ERSFD耦合的动力学分析模型,对外圈带ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架振动特性和打滑率进行研究。研究结果表明:与未装配ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承相比,ERSFD可以提高圆柱滚子轴承保持架的稳定性。过大或过小的弹性环凸台数量与宽度都不利于圆柱滚子轴承保持架的稳定性,需要选择合适的凸台数量和宽度。径向载荷与转速对带弹性环的圆柱滚子轴承保持架稳定性影响显著,保持架涡动频率的谐波次数随着径向载荷的增加而减少,其对应的幅值也减小;保持架涡动频率的谐波次数随着转速的增加而增加,其对应幅值也增加。

异形外圈圆柱滚子轴承径向游隙测量装置设计

针对异形外圈圆柱滚子轴承在高精度、定量载荷条件下的径向游隙测量问题,基于静、动态相结合的测量原理完成了异形外圈圆柱滚子轴承径向游隙测量装置设计。介绍了整机结构以及具体操作步骤,并根据异形外圈圆柱滚子轴承特殊的外圈结构以及自重大引起摩擦力较大的问题采取了加载、测量位置可调整机构以及导轨替代滑动摩擦的设计;对形变误差、径向跳动误差和其他误差进行了分析,各部分误差相对较小。

定时截尾试验下滚动轴承的可靠性评估方法

越来越多的轴承具有高可靠性、长寿命的特点,针对该类轴承的定时截尾寿命试验,提出了一种基于区间统计量的可靠性评估方法:充分利用从最后一个失效数据继续试验到没有发生产品失效这一重要试验信息,结合威布尔分布建立了轴承的寿命分布模型,并根据高斯-马尔科夫定理提出了基于区间统计量的轴承寿命分布参数最佳线性无偏估计方法,同时推导出轴承可靠度和可靠寿命的单侧置信下限。通过仿真分析和某圆柱滚子轴承试验验证了该方法的有效性和适用性,结果表明与极大似然估计法和最小二乘法相比,该方法更接近真实值。

非稳态工况下外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架动态特性

为降低航空发动机主轴传动系统的振动,通常将弹性环、挤压油膜阻尼器与圆柱滚子轴承联合使用。基于滚动轴承动力学理论和流体力学控制方程,建立了外圈带有弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(ERSFD)的圆柱滚子轴承动力学分析模型,采用GSTIFF预估-校正变步长积分法对动力学微分方程组进行求解,分析转速、冲击载荷以及弹性环结构参数(凸台宽度、凸台数量)对外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架动态特性的影响,结果表明:外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架稳定性高于普通圆柱滚子轴承;转速和冲击载荷对保持架动态特性影响较大,保持架打滑率随着转速的增大而增大,随着轴承所受冲击载荷的增大而减小;过大或过小的弹性环凸台数量与宽度都不利于圆柱滚子轴承保持架的稳定性,需要选择合适的凸台数量和宽度。