Effects of Crude Enzyme Preparation Supplemented to Barley Diet on the Performance, Hormone Levels and Biochemical Parameters in Gosling

Twenty four 7-day-old crossbred goslings （Chuan white×Tai lake） were divided randomly into control and treatment groups. Enzyme preparation was added in the diet of treatment group at dosage of 1 g/kg. The blood samples were collected from 60 day-old goslings via the wing vein. During the fifty-three days experiment, body weights were adopted measured each week, related hormone contents and biochemical parameters in plasma were determined. The results were as following:（1） Compared with control, body weight of treatment group were significantly higher （P<0.05） since 3-week-old goslings. The weight gains were significant higher （P<0.05） in （4～7） week-old goslings too, feed intake were increased and the "feed: body weight gain" was decreased; （2） Compared with control, growth hormone （GH） and insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） levels were dramatically enhanced by 36.62% （P<0.01） and 66.55% （P<0.01） respectively, while the level of β-endorphin （β-END） decreased by 51.66% （P<0.01）; （3） Thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH） and 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine （T3） contents in treatment group were 24.39% （P<0.05） and （16.81%） （P<0.05） higher than those of control, whereas thyroxine （T4） contents was lower by 18.33% （P<0.05）, ratios of T3/T4 were increased; （4） Compared with control, insulin contents were elevated by 36.75% （P<0.01）, while level of glucagon was reduced by 23.11% （P<0.01）,ratios of insulin/glucagon were increased; （5） The activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GTP） was 4.46 fold higher than those of control （P<0.01） and uric acid content was reduced by 57.50% （P<0.01）.These results indicate that enzyme preparation added in barley based diet can promote the gosling growth by improving the barely digestibility, carbohydrate metabolism and influencing the hormone levels.

Effect of replacing antibiotics using multi-enzyme preparations on production performance and antioxidant activity in piglets

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotics using multi-enzyme preparations on growth performance,coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility,digestive enzyme activity,and antioxidant property in piglets.A total of 160 piglets（（21.35±0.22）kg）were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments：1）basal diet supplemented with antibiotics（AC）,2）antibiotic diet supplemented with 0.5 g kg^-1 multi-enzyme preparations（AC＋0.5EP）,3）antibiotic diet supplemented with 1.5 g kg^-1 multi-enzyme preparations（AC＋1.5EP）,4）basal diet supplemented with a half dosage of antibiotics and 1.5 g kg^-1 multi-enzyme preparations（AH＋1.5EP）,and 5）basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g kg^-1 multienzyme preparations（BC＋1.5EP）.The results showed that AC＋1.5EP significantly improved the feed efficiency,apparent digestibility of ether extract（EE）and crude ash（CA）,lipase activity in pancreas and duodenum content,maltase and lactase activity in jejunum and ileum mucosa,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）concentration in serum and liver,and decreased malondialdehyde（MDA）concentration in serum and liver compared with piglets receiving AC（P〈0.05）.Piglets receiving BC＋1.5EP showed no significant difference in growth performance（P〉0.05）but had lower MDA concentration than piglets receiving AC（P〈0.05）.The apparent digestibility of EE and crude fiber（CF）,duodenal lipase activity,jejunum mucosa maltase,and ileum mucosa lactase activity of piglets receiving AH＋1.5EP or BC＋1.5EP were significantly improved compared with piglets receiving AC（P〈0.05）.These results indicated an additive growth promotion effect between antibiotics and multi-enzyme preparations on piglets,and the multi-enzyme preparations may be used as substitutes for antibiotics for improving piglet production performance and health status.

Effects of Non-starch Polysaccharide Complex Enzymes on Meat Quality in Broilers

[Objective] The study aimed to research the effect of several commercial NSP complex enzymes products on broiler meat quality, and provide scientific basis for feed enterprise and breeding farmers choosing NSP complex enzymes. [ Method] Two hundred ROSS broilers at age of 21 days were designed to five treatment groups, including the positive and negative control treatments, and Group 1 to 3 with feed additive of the commercial non-starch polysaccharide complex enzymes each on base of the negative group diet. At 56 days of age, broilers were killed and meat quality was analyzed. [ Result] The thigh meat color CIELAB a value for the negative control broilers was lower （ P 〈 0.05） than those of the positive control and Group 1. The drip loss of breast meat for Group 1 was the lowest, and the drip loss of thigh meat for the negative control was the highest among all treatments. The shear force for the negative control and Group 3 were higher than those of other three groups. There were no differences （P 〉 0.05） on the contents of chemical components, crude moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and inosine acid for breast and thigh meat among all treatments. [ Conclusion] NSP complex enzymes with complete enzyme categories and high enzyme activity can improve meat quality in broilers.

Effects of Probiotics and Enzyme Preparation on Cholesterol, Triglyceride and Serum ALT and POD in Egg Yolks

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotics and enzyme preparation on cholesterol,triglyceride and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and peroxidase (POD) in egg yolks.[Methods]Forty eight 450-day-old Hyline brown hens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 4 individuals in each replicate.Group 1 as the control check (CK) group was fed the basal diet;group 2 was fed the basal diet with the addition of 150 g/t of probiotics;group 3 was the basal diet +200 g/t lipase group;and group 4 was fed the basal diet with the addition of 150 g/t of probiotics and 200 g/t of lipase.The preliminary trial period was 10 d,and the trial period was 30 d.[Results]The contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in the egg yolks of the test groups supplemented with the probiotics and enzyme preparation were higher than those of the CK.On the 14^th day of treatment,the cholesterol contents in the egg yolks of group 2 and group 4 were significantly higher than that of group 1 ( P <0.05).On the 28^th day of treatment,the contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in the egg yolks of the three test groups were significantly higher than those in group 1 ( P <0.05).There were no significant differences in serum ALT and POD between various groups ( P >0.05).[Conclusions]The addition of probiotics and enzyme preparations to the feed of laying hens can increase the contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in egg yolks,without significantly affecting serum ALT and POD.

Study on Process Conditions of Preparation of Microporous Potatoes Starch by Complex Enzyme Method

[Objective] The technology of using c-amylase and glucoamylase to prepare microporeus potato starch was studied.[ Method ] Taking potato starch as raw materials, starch hydrolysis rate and the oil absorption as a measure of index, the influences of the reaction temperature, two enzymes proportion, the quantity of enzyme, the chroma of substrate, buffer solution pH and reaction time on microporous potato starch were inves- tigated. [ Result] The experimental results showed that the best technological conditions were reaction temperature 45 ℃, enzyme ratio （ glucoamy- lase/α-amylase）6, the quantity of enzyme （amount of enzyme and starch quality than） is 1.0%, the substrate quantity chroma of 0.14 g/ml, buffer solution pH 4, the reaction time 8 h. In such process condition, the oil adsorption rate of hydrolyzed potato starch was as high as 70.2%, starch hydrolytic ratio was 34.16%. [ Condmion] The study provided a basis for the development and utilization of microporous starch. Key words Microporous starch; Hydrolysis rate; Oil absorption rate; Preparation; Complex enzyme method; China

Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid combined with bifidobacterium quadruple preparations on myocardial enzyme, immune function and inflammatory response of hyperbilirubinemia neonatal

Objective: To investigate the effects of myocardial enzyme, immune function and inflammatory response by ursodeoxycholic acid combined with bifidobacterium quadruple preparations on hyperbilirubinemia neonatal. Methods: A total of 100 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in our hospital from June 2016 to May-2017 were selected and divided into control group and observation group by random number table, 50 cases in each group. Two groups of neonatal were given routine symptomatic treatment. The control group was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and the observation group was treated with Bifidobacterium tetralogy of live bacteria on the basis of the control group. The two groups of neonatal were both treated for 7 d. The serum levels of CK-MB, CK, LDH, AST, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, CD8+, CRP and TNF-α were measured before and after the treatment of the two groups. Results: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in serum CK-MB, CK, LDH, AST, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, CD8+, CRP and TNF-α levels between the 2 groups. After treatment: 2 groups of serum CK-MB, CK, LDH, AST, CD8+, CRP, TNF-α levels significantly decreased compared with the group before treatment, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ levels were significantly increased after treatment, and the observation group with serum CK-MB, CK, LDH, AST, CD8 +, CRP, TNF-α levels were significantly lower than the control group, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ levels were significantly higher than the control group, the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Ursodeoxycholic acid combined with Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets can can reduce the activity of myocardial enzyme, improve the state of spectrum index of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Effects of Non-starch Polysaccharide Enzyme Products on Meat Performance in Broilers

[ Objective] To investigate the effects of non-starch polysaccharide （NSP） enzyme products on meat performance of broilers and thus to provide a scientific basis for their rational use. [Method] Two hundred 21-day-old Ross broilers were assigned to five groups. The broilers in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were fed positive control diet and negative control diet, respectively, which were slightly different. The broilers in group Ⅲ, Ⅳ and V were fed the negative control diet respectively supplemented with different commercial NSP enzyme products. The broilers were slaughtered at 56 days old, and their meat yield was determined. [ Result] The percentage of carcass yield and percentage of abdominal fat were significantly higher in the group Ⅲ than in the group Ⅱ （P 〈 0.05）. The percentage of small intestine weight in slaughter weight was lower in the group Ⅱ than in other groups. [ Conclusion] Diets supplemented broad-rang and highly active NSP enzyme products can promote absorption of routine feed ingredients, increase meat yield, and improve meat performance.

不同添加剂处理对水稻秸秆营养成分及发酵品质的影响

试验研究不同添加剂处理对水稻秸秆营养成分及发酵品质的影响,旨在提高水稻秸秆的利用率。试验以水稻秸秆为青贮原料,各试验组分别添加1.0 g/kg酶制剂、2.0 g/kg菌制剂及1.0 g/kg酶制剂+2.0 g/kg菌制剂,对照组不添加添加剂,每组设置4个重复。青贮60 d后,取样检测各组水稻秸秆青贮的感官指标、营养成分、发酵品质及瘤胃营养物质降解率。结果表明,对照组水稻秸秆青贮感官总分为13分,为2级尚好,而酶制剂、菌制剂及菌酶制剂处理的水稻秸秆青贮感官评定均较好,达到1级优良。与对照组比较,试验2组和试验3组的水稻秸秆青贮的干物质和总可消化养分含量升高(P<0.05),试验3组水稻秸秆青贮的粗脂肪含量升高(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维含量降低(P<0.05);试验1组、试验2组和试验3组水稻秸秆青贮的中性洗涤纤维含量降低(P<0.05),可溶性碳水化合物含量升高(P<0.05),相对饲喂价值增加(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,试验2组和试验3组水稻秸秆青贮的乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度升高(P<0.05),试验1组、试验2组和试验3组水稻秸秆青贮的pH值降低(P<0.05),试验3组水稻秸秆青贮的氨态氮浓度降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,试验1组、试验2组和试验3组水稻秸秆青贮的粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维及干物质的降解率均得到提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,水稻秸秆经酶制剂、菌制剂、菌酶复合处理后,可以改善青贮饲料的感官评价,增加水稻秸秆青贮的营养成分含量,提高瘤胃营养物质的降解率,菌酶复合处理的效果优于酶制剂和菌制剂处理。

菌酶制剂对泌乳奶牛血液生化指标及免疫指标的影响

文章旨在分析不同水平菌酶制剂对泌乳奶牛血液生化指标和免疫指标的影响。试验将选择180头胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相近的泌乳奶牛随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头,分别为对照组、研究1组和研究2组,在人工干预下,对照组饲喂全混合日粮,研究1组和研究2组分别在全混合日粮中添加15和30 g/头/d菌酶制剂,研究结果表明:(1)研究2组的总蛋白和白蛋白含量显著高于研究1组和对照组(P<0.05);各组白细胞计数、红细胞计数、血小板、血红蛋白等血液生化指标无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)研究1组和研究2组免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G和白细胞介素-10均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),研究1组和研究2组组间差异不显著(P>0.05);研究1组和研究2组肿瘤坏死因子α显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。经研究结果证实,在泌乳奶牛全混合日粮中添加菌酶制剂可以提高奶牛群免疫能力,综合考虑,以30 g/头/d菌酶制剂的添加量效果最为理想。

益生菌酵素制剂对断奶仔猪生长特性的影响

试验旨在探究益生菌酵素制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道黏膜形态及机体抗氧化功能的影响。选择健康、体况相近的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪200头,随机分为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)和试验组(饲喂基础饲粮+5%益生菌酵素制剂),每组设置5个重复,每个重复20头猪,试验期为30 d。结果表明:试验组,末体重和平均日增重显著增加(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);试验组,回肠、空肠及十二指肠绒毛高度显著增高(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著变浅(P<0.05);绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著增加(P<0.05);试验组,血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力显著增加(P<0.05),血清中丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加益生菌酵素制剂可以有效促进其生长,改善肠道形态结构,提高断奶仔猪机体抗氧化功能。

饲粮中添加菌酶制剂对犊牛生长性能、肠道菌群及养分表观消化率的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平的菌酶制剂对犊牛生长性能、肠道菌群及养分表观消化率的影响。选择36头体重相近的荷斯坦犊牛,随机分成4组,每组9个重复,每个重复1头犊牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加0.1%、0.2%和0.4%的菌酶制剂饲粮。试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,0.2%和0.4%菌酶制剂组的末重和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),所有菌酶制剂组犊牛的腹泻率均显著降低(P<0.05);所有菌酶制剂组犊牛肠道中的乳酸菌数量显著提高(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量和沙门氏菌数量显著降低(P<0.05);0.2%和0.4%菌酶制剂组犊牛肠道中好氧菌总数显著降低(P<0.05);0.2%和0.4%菌酶制剂组犊牛的有机物、干物质的表观消化率显著升高(P<0.05),所有菌酶制剂组犊牛的粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,添加适量的菌酶制剂可以改善犊牛的肠道菌群结构及机体对饲粮中营养物质的消化吸收,进而提高生长性能,菌酶制剂的适宜添加量为0.2%。

日粮添加复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和经济效益的影响

文章旨在探究日粮添加复合酶制剂(Complex Enzyme Preparations,CEP)对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和经济效益的影响。试验共计42d,将1200只健康的1日龄白羽肉鸡随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复30羽肉鸡。在初始体重一致的前提下(P> 0.05),与对照组相比,日粮添加200和400mg/kg组肉鸡的终末体重分别显著提高1.9%和2.4%(P <0.05);日粮添加200和400mg/kg组料重比分别显著降低7.6%和8.8%(P <0.05);此外,日粮添加CEP对肉鸡平均日增重和平均日采食量无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮添加200mg/kgCEP显著提高肉鸡血清TP、IgG(P <0.05);日粮添加200和400mg/kgCEP显著提高肉鸡血清ALB含量、T-AOC能力(P <0.05);日粮添加CEP显著降低肉鸡血清MDA含量(P <0.05);此外,日粮添加CEP对肉鸡BUN、IgA、IgM含量均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮添加CEP后,饲料价格分别为2.98、2.996、3.012和3.044元/kg,饲料总成本分别为13.21、12.93、12.57和12.60元/只,此外,因生长性能的提高,本试验各组毛利润分别为11.31、11.69、12.42和12.51元/只。在本试验条件下,肉鸡日粮CEP最适添加量为200mg/kg。

微贮秸秆的研究进展

我国秸秆资源丰富,但由于其晶体结构较难分解,限制了其资源化利用。对秸秆进行微贮处理是一种增加利用效率、减少浪费的有效方式。本文重点论述微生物、酶制剂以及菌酶协同使用对微贮秸秆品质的影响,为提高秸秆利用率提供依据。

复合酶制剂对哺乳期驴驹生长发育及营养物质消化代谢的影响

试验旨在探究复合酶制剂对驴驹生长发育、营养物质消化代谢的影响,为哺乳驴驹早期胃肠道机能、肠道健康及营养需要量的研究提供参考依据。选择出生日期与体重[(45.22±7.32)kg]相近,健康的2月龄哺乳母驴驹10头。随机分为对照组与试验组,每组各5头。在相同的饲养管理条件下,驴驹自由哺乳,自由采食玉米秸秆和苜蓿,补喂精料补充料。试验组驴驹在对照组驴驹饲喂的基础上补喂复合酶制剂(木聚糖酶15000 U/g,β-甘露聚糖酶400 U/g,β-葡聚糖酶10000 U/g,纤维素酶2000 U/g,蛋白酶1000 U/g,淀粉酶300000 U/g),补喂量为6.5 mg/(kg BW·d),进行为期60 d的补饲及营养物质消化代谢试验。结果显示:驴驹的体重、体尺无显著性变化,试验组驴驹体斜长和管围总增长较对照组分别提高了26.02%和2.17%(P>0.05);试验组驴驹干物质、有机物、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷和能量的采食量分别比对照组提高了2.99%、3.14%、6.67%、2.07%、1.11%和2.81%(P>0.05);试验组驴驹摄入能、粪能、沉积能、摄入氮、粪氮、沉积氮、氮代谢率、摄入钙、粪钙、沉积钙、钙代谢率、摄入磷、沉积磷和磷代谢率分别比对照组提高了2.81%、13.03%、4.46%、1.65%、10.09%、21.49%、19.54%、2.07%、3.47%、4.59%、2.32%、1.11%、39.06%和40.77%,尿能、尿氮、尿钙、粪磷和尿磷分别比对照组降低了78.10%、20.19%、33.33%、4.35%和9.81%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,在本研究条件下,给驴驹补喂酶制剂促进了驴驹体斜长和管围的增长,营养物质的采食量和代谢率有升高的趋势,但均未达到显著的效果。

高稳定液态D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶制剂研究

为解决D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶(DAE)衰减过快、贮运成本高的问题,拟开发一款具有良好存贮稳定性的DEA液态酶制剂。以半衰期为评价依据,通过单因素试验筛选出对半衰期影响显著的4个因素,并进一步利用响应曲面法对酶制剂的配方进行优化。结果表明:稳定DAE酶制剂的最佳配比为0.1mol·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)、3.96%海藻糖、41.68%葡萄糖、29.32%PEG-400。在此条件下,半衰期为292天,与模拟理论值的相对误差仅为0.17%。通过工艺优化,将DAE的储存时间大幅延长,提高了酶制剂的贮运性能。

金龟子绿僵菌制剂对二化螟的防效及体内相关酶活性的影响

用剂量为1.6×10^(7)/mL的金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421制剂处理二化螟幼虫,测定该制剂对二化螟幼虫的毒力及其对幼虫总蛋白含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等3种保护酶活性和羧酸酯酶(CarE)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、碱性蛋白酶(AKP)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)等4种解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明:经金龟子绿僵菌制剂处理后,二化螟幼虫的存活率呈持续下降趋势,半致死时间(LT_(50))为7.23 d,第10天死亡率为56.89%,说明金龟子绿僵菌制剂对二化螟幼虫具有显著毒力;金龟子绿僵菌制剂处理3d时,二化螟幼虫蛋白质含量最高;POD、CAT、SOD等3种保护酶活性分别在处理2、4、5 d时达到最高,分别为198.76、19.59和12.90 U/mg,均显著高于对照组相应酶的活性;4种解毒酶GSTs、AChE、CarE和AKP最高活性分别约为对照组的1.68、1.68、1.27和1.62倍,说明经金龟子绿僵菌制剂CQMa421处理后,二化螟幼虫体内稳态遭到破坏,进而受到毒害。

饲料中添加酶制剂和抗菌肽对藏鸡生产性能、抗氧化能力及免疫性能的影响

本研究在饲料中分别添加非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂、抗菌肽及二者联合添加,探究其对藏鸡生产性能、抗氧化能力及免疫性能的影响。挑选240羽14日龄健康藏鸡(公母各半),将藏鸡随机分为4组:基础饲料组(CK)、基础饲料添加300 mg/kg复合酶制剂组(NSP处理)、基础饲料添加200 mg/kg抗菌肽组(AMPs处理)及基础饲料添加300 mg/kg复合酶制剂+200 mg/kg抗菌肽的酶肽组(NSP+AMPs处理)。在42日龄、63日龄于每个重复中选取2只体重相近的藏鸡统计生产性能相关指标。结果表明,(1)与CK相比,NSP处理、AMPs处理及NSP+AMPs处理均能显著增加21~42日龄藏鸡平均日采食量(P<0.05);NSP+AMPs处理能显著提升藏鸡平均日增重(P<0.05)。(2)NSP+AMPs处理可显著降低42日龄、63日龄藏鸡血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),显著提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05)。NSP处理可显著降低42日龄及63日龄藏鸡血清中MDA含量,提升42日龄及63日龄藏鸡血清中GSH-Px的活性(P<0.05)。AMPs处理可显著提升42日龄藏鸡血清中GSH-Px活性及63日龄藏鸡血清中SOD活性(P<0.05),可显著降低63日龄藏鸡血清中MDA含量;NSP+AMPs处理可显著降低42日龄及63日龄藏鸡肝脏中MDA含量(P<0.05),可显著提高GSH-Px活性(P<0.05)。NSP处理可显著降低42日龄藏鸡肝脏中MDA含量,显著提高GSH-Px活性(P<0.05),各处理均可提升42日龄及63日龄藏鸡肝脏中SOD活性(P<0.05)。(3)AMPs处理与NSP+AMPs处理能显著提升42日龄藏鸡的法氏囊指数(P<0.05),且NSP+AMPs处理能显著提升63日龄藏鸡法氏囊指数(P<0.05),所有试验组均能显著提升42日龄、63日龄藏鸡血清新城疫抗体效价(P<0.05);AMPs处理与NSP+AMPs处理均显著提升42日龄、63日龄藏鸡血清中免疫球蛋白Y(IgY)含量(P<0.05)。饲料中酶制剂与抗菌肽联合添加可显著提高藏鸡的抗氧化能力与免疫性能,且显著提高藏鸡的生产性能,酶制剂与抗菌肽联合添加效果优于酶制剂或抗菌肽单独添加。

酶制剂的作用机理及其在反刍动物生产中的应用

酶制剂是广泛应用于家禽、猪和反刍动物饲粮配方中的一类饲料添加剂,可以消除饲粮中的抗营养因子,促进饲粮在动物体内的利用效率,提高饲料转化率。酶制剂可以促进反刍动物生长与瘤胃发酵,改善胃肠道健康,提高机体免疫力,未来酶制剂仍是反刍动物添加剂研究的重要方向之一。文章对酶制剂的分类、作用机理、对饲粮的影响以及对反刍动物生长性能、瘤胃发酵和免疫的影响等几个方面进行综述,旨在为酶制剂在反刍动物生产中的应用提供参考。

不同种类添加剂对青贮饲料品质影响的研究进展

在饲料青贮过程中,依靠青贮原料单独发酵无法完全达到厌氧环境,不仅导致青贮饲料的pH值和氨态氮含量升高、乳酸含量下降,还可能引起不良微生物发酵,进而影响青贮效果。为了减少青贮饲料发酵过程中营养物质的损失,提高青贮饲料的发酵品质和营养价值,在制作青贮饲料时经常使用添加剂。常用的青贮饲料添加剂主要分为细菌接种剂、酶制剂、发酵抑制剂、非蛋白氮四大类。不同类型的添加剂通过不同方式改善青贮饲料的发酵品质,进而提高营养价值和饲喂效果。综述了不同种类添加剂对青贮饲料感官品质、发酵品质及微生物多样性影响的研究进展,以期为青贮饲料添加剂的科学选用提供参考。

生物酶改善原酿酱油品质的研究进展

酱油是以大豆、小麦和盐为原料,通过多种微生物发酵而成的中国传统调味品。生物酶是微生物发酵过程中改善酱油滋味、风味的有效手段。酱油的味道、香气和颜色之间的平衡作用赋予酱油独特的风味。在酱油酿造过程中,原料中的蛋白质和淀粉在多种酶的共同作用下水解为氨基酸和糖类。一方面,氨基酸和糖类之间的化学反应形成酱油饱满的色泽;另一方面,这些酶解产物不仅对酱油的口感有直接促进作用,同时被多种微生物进一步代谢为各种有机酸和芳香族化合物,从而产生独特的风味和香气。此外,米曲霉是酱油生产中必不可少的微生物,其可以产生各种酶用于原料的分解,对酱油的发酵起着至关重要的作用。该文重点介绍了酱油酿造过程中关键生物酶的分类、来源及其在酱油中的应用情况,讨论了相关的微生物改良技术和酶制剂在酱油酿造中的应用进展,并对现阶段存在的问题与未来的发展方向提出了展望,为改善原酿酱油品质提供理论支持。