Effects of Non-starch Polysaccharide Complex Enzymes on Meat Quality in Broilers

[Objective] The study aimed to research the effect of several commercial NSP complex enzymes products on broiler meat quality, and provide scientific basis for feed enterprise and breeding farmers choosing NSP complex enzymes. [ Method] Two hundred ROSS broilers at age of 21 days were designed to five treatment groups, including the positive and negative control treatments, and Group 1 to 3 with feed additive of the commercial non-starch polysaccharide complex enzymes each on base of the negative group diet. At 56 days of age, broilers were killed and meat quality was analyzed. [ Result] The thigh meat color CIELAB a value for the negative control broilers was lower （ P 〈 0.05） than those of the positive control and Group 1. The drip loss of breast meat for Group 1 was the lowest, and the drip loss of thigh meat for the negative control was the highest among all treatments. The shear force for the negative control and Group 3 were higher than those of other three groups. There were no differences （P 〉 0.05） on the contents of chemical components, crude moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and inosine acid for breast and thigh meat among all treatments. [ Conclusion] NSP complex enzymes with complete enzyme categories and high enzyme activity can improve meat quality in broilers.

Extraction of Pumpkin Polysaccharide by Complex Enzyme Method and Its Antioxidant Research

[Objective] This paper aims to study a new method of extracting pumpkin polysaccharide from pumpkin. Single factor experiments were conducted to examine the effects of extracting time,temperature,the solid-liquid ratio and pH value on the extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin. [Method] The best enzyme ratio and extraction conditions for complex enzymes extraction were determined through orthogonal tests. Scavenging ·OH and O-2 activities of pumpkin polysaccharides were also investigated by salicylic acid and improved self-oxidation of o-pheno methods respectively. [Results] The results showed that the biggest extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin can be got when adding 1% cellulose enzyme,1.5% pectinase,1.0% papain and Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer solution (pH was 4.6),and oscillating for 30 min under water at 40 ℃ with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:30. In addition,pumpkin polysaccharides had a strong activity of eliminating ·OH,but very weak activity to scavenge O-2. [Conclusion] This study provided basic data for research and application of Pumpkin polysaccharide.

Effects of Non-starch Polysaccharide Enzyme Products on Meat Performance in Broilers

[ Objective] To investigate the effects of non-starch polysaccharide （NSP） enzyme products on meat performance of broilers and thus to provide a scientific basis for their rational use. [Method] Two hundred 21-day-old Ross broilers were assigned to five groups. The broilers in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were fed positive control diet and negative control diet, respectively, which were slightly different. The broilers in group Ⅲ, Ⅳ and V were fed the negative control diet respectively supplemented with different commercial NSP enzyme products. The broilers were slaughtered at 56 days old, and their meat yield was determined. [ Result] The percentage of carcass yield and percentage of abdominal fat were significantly higher in the group Ⅲ than in the group Ⅱ （P 〈 0.05）. The percentage of small intestine weight in slaughter weight was lower in the group Ⅱ than in other groups. [ Conclusion] Diets supplemented broad-rang and highly active NSP enzyme products can promote absorption of routine feed ingredients, increase meat yield, and improve meat performance.

Effects of a multi-enzyme complex on growth performance,nutrient utilization and bone mineralization of meat duck

Background： Previous studies with broiler have shown dietary supplementation with multi-enzyme complex containing non-starch polysaccharides （NSP） degrading enzymes and phytase is efficient in releasing phosphorus （P）, calcium （Ca）, energy and amino acids from corn-soybean meal diets or corn-sorghum diets, hence compensating considerable levels of nutrients in formulation. Notwithstanding, such potentials have not been well defined in duck nutrition. Giving China being the largest duck producing country, we conducted this study to establish adequate specifications of major nutrients along with multi-enzyme complex to meat duck from day-old to slaughter, focusing on performance, utilization of nutrients and bone mineralization. Five dietary treatments were： Positive control （PC,T1）： the nutrients concentration of diet for 1 to 14 d of age were apparent metabolizable energy（AME） 2,800 kcal/kg, crude protein （CP）1 9.39%, Ca 0.85%, available phosphorus （avP） 0.42%; for 15 to 35 d of age these parameters were AME 2,900 kcal/kg, CP 16.47%,Ca 0.76%,avP 0.38%; Negative control 1（NC1,7-2）, the AME and digestible amino acids （DAA） were reduced by 70 kcal/kg and 2.0%, avP and Ca by 1.0 g/kg from PC diet; Negative control 2（NC2,T4）, the down- spec from PC diet was AME 100 kcal/kg, DAA 2.5%, avP 1.5 g/kg and Ca 1.2 g/kg; The enzyme complex was added at the same dosage （200 mL/1,000 kg） on NC1 （T3） and NC2 （T5） diets. Results： Comparing with the ducks fed on T1, T3 and T5 diets, the birds fed on NC2 diet showed the lowest （P 〈 0.05） body weight （ d 14 and 35）, feed intake （d 35）, tibia ash, Ca and P contents （d 14 and 35）, and the utilization of nutrients （P 〈 0.05）. The supplementation with the enzyme complex to the NC diets restored growth rate, utilization of nutrients and bone mineralization to the level of the PC diet, and increased AME by 60 kcal/kg and 117 kcal/kg, respectively for the NC1 and NC2 diets. Conclusion： These results suggest that down-spec AME by 100 kcal/kg, DAA by 2.5%, avP by 1.5 g/kg and Ca by 1.2 g/kg caused detrimental effects on duck performance compared with those fed on the PC diet, and these performance losses can be compensated by the addition of the multiple-enzyme complex.

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of longissimus muscle from growing pigs with dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes

Non-starch polysaccharide enzymes（NSPEs） have long been used in the feed production of monogastric animals to degrade non-starch polysaccharide to oligosaccharides and promote growth performance. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of such enzymes on skeletal muscle in monogastric animals. To elucidate the mechanism of the effect of NSPEs on skeletal muscle, an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification（i TRAQ） for differential proteomic quantitation was applied to investigate alterations in the proteome in the longissimus muscle（LM） of growing pigs after a 50-d period of supplementation with 0.6% NSPEs in the diet. A total of 51 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the LM between a control group and the NSPE group. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed protein species showed an increased abundance of proteins related to energy production, protein synthesis, muscular differentiation, immunity, oxidation resistance and detoxification, and a decreased abundance of proteins related to inflammation in the LM of the pigs fed NSPEs. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms whereby dietary supplementation with NSPEs enzymes can promote growth performance and improve muscular metabolism in growing pigs.

黄芪多糖复合酶提取工艺优化及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

目的:以黄芪为原料,采用复合酶法(木瓜蛋白酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶)提取黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharides,APS),并分析工艺条件对多糖提取的影响。方法:在正交试验确定复合酶比例的基础上,采用响应面法对复合酶提取APS的提取条件进行优化,得到最优工艺条件,采用pNPG法评价其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。结果:5 g黄芪药材粉末,最佳复合酶配比为:木瓜蛋白酶88000 U、果胶酶65000 U、纤维素酶6000 U;最佳酶解提取条件为:酶解处理时间、温度、pH和料液比分别为2.82 h、60.34℃、5.11和1:34.46 g/mL,APS的得率最高可达22.79%±0.14%;APS对α-葡萄糖苷酶的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为7.42μg/mL。结论:复合酶提取APS的得率较单酶得率显著提高,APS对α-葡萄糖苷酶表现出较强的抑制作用。

栅藻多糖的复合酶法提取工艺、化学组成及其抗氧化活性研究

以栅藻粉为研究对象,研究栅藻多糖(TBP)的复合酶法提取工艺、化学组成及抗氧化活性。采用复合酶法提取TBP,考察酶解pH、复合酶(纤维素酶和木瓜蛋白酶按1∶1复配)添加量、酶解温度、酶解时间对TBP提取率的影响,并通过响应面模型优化TBP的提取工艺。对TBP的化学成分含量、单糖组成、官能团结构和体外抗氧化活性进行了分析研究。实验结果表明,TBP的复合酶法最佳提取工艺参数为酶解pH 6.1、复合酶添加量5.35%、酶解温度53.1℃和酶解时间84.2 min,在最佳提取条件下,TBP提取率可达(8.86±0.13)%;经化学组成分析,发现TBP的总糖含量为(57.59±1.06)%、蛋白质含量为(5.14±0.88)%、糖醛酸含量为(3.16±0.42)%,TBP具备典型的糖类化合物特征峰,含有吡喃糖和硫酸基团,其单糖共计10种类型,主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖组成;对TBP的抗氧化活性进行研究,发现TBP对ABTS自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基具有较好的清除能力。该研究可对栅藻多糖的提取及其在食品工业中的应用提供相应参考。

Effects of non-starch polysaccharides from pure wheat malt beer on beer quality,in vitro antioxidant,prebiotics,hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties

Pure wheat malt beer (PWMB) with potentially functional properties may attract consumer interest.To explore the functional properties of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in PWMB,NSPs were extracted from PWMB and separated into PWMB non-starch polysaccharides-1 (PNSP-1) and PWMB non-starch polysaccharides-2 (PNSP-2) by Q-Sepharose Fast Flow column.PNSP-1 exhibited more effects on increasing the viscosity of beers,which had higher purity of 92.58% containing 88.53% arabinoxylan with arabinose/xylose (A/X) 0.60 and 2.78% β-glucan but no glucomannan and mannan;while PNSP-2 showed greater effects on promoting beer haze and foam retention,which had more diverse NSPs including 46.03% arabinoxylan with A/X 1.13,41.47% arabinogalactan,10.26% glucomannan,and 2.70% mannan but no β-glucan.Diversity of sugar composition resulted in a better antioxidant capacity of PNSP-2.NSPs proliferated Lactobacillus casei LC6117 and LC0331,but did not promote L.plantarum LP-28 and L.fermentium LF-2H.PNSP-2 was also utilized by L.rhamnosus SRG.PNSP-2 had better effects on prebiotics activities.PNSP,PNSP-1 and PNSP-2 all exhibited mild inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and lipase but not on α-amylase,and showed a binding capacity to fat and cholesterol.This work is of great reference significance for improving the viscosity,haze,foam retention and health value of wheat beer.

超声波协同复合酶法提取南瓜多糖工艺优化

利用超声波协同复合酶法以南瓜为材料提取多糖,将超声波提取与复合酶法提取两种独立的提取方法进行协同作用,结果如下:在酶解的同时辅助超声波提取为最佳协同方式;适宜酶的比例分别为果胶酶42U/g、木瓜蛋白酶200U/g、纤维素酶40U/g;响应面法优化超声波协同复合酶法提取南瓜多糖最佳工艺技术参数为温度51.5℃、功率440W、液料比7:1(mL/g)、pH4.4,在此条件下,南瓜多糖的得率为4.39%。

猴头菇多糖复合酶法提取及重金属去除工艺研究

优化猴头菇多糖的提取及重金属去除工艺。采用复合酶法提取猴头菇多糖,以多糖得率为指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化猴头菇多糖的提取工艺条件;比较了壳聚糖、活性炭及硅藻土对多糖中重金属离子的去除效果。猴头菇多糖最佳工艺条件为pH 5.5、温度50℃、酶与底物比1∶10(质量比)、时间90 min,此条件下提取得率为9.55%;壳聚糖絮凝法去除猴头菇多糖重金属效果最佳,用量为0.05 g/100 mL时,对多糖中Pb、As、Hg和Cd的去除率分别为(99.4±2.03)%、(90.9±2.61)%、(80.3±1.76)%和(89.8±2.85)%;当使用量大于0.06 g/100 mL时,絮凝剂对样品中重金属无去除作用。

南瓜多糖复合酶法提取及纯化的研究

南瓜中的有效成分南瓜多糖对糖尿病症状有显著的治疗效果,为了开发和利用这一功能成分,本实验采用酶解的方法提取南瓜多糖。首先利用正交试验确定复合酶添加量为纤维素酶1%,果胶酶1.5%,木瓜蛋白酶1%;利用正交试验确定复合酶的最佳反应条件为温度40℃,pH值为5.5,反应时间为30min。在最佳条件下,多糖的提取率为28.8%。将复合酶法制得的南瓜粗多糖经脱色、透析后,上DEAE-纤维素柱层析,得到三种级分。主要级分PPIII经SepharoseCL-4B凝胶柱层析、紫外扫描和冻融分析鉴定为均一组分。

非淀粉多糖复合酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和排泄物中含氮物含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加非淀粉多糖（ NSP ）复合酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和排泄物中含氮物含量的影响。试验采取单因子完全随机设计，选用208只1日龄爱拨益加肉仔鸡公雏，随机分成4组，每组4个重复，每个重复13只。分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮（ C组）、玉米-豆粕型饲粮＋NSP复合酶（ C＋E 组）、小麦-豆粕型饲粮（ W 组）和小麦-豆粕型饲粮＋NSP复合酶（W＋E组）。 NSP复合酶由木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶、β-甘露聚糖酶组成，酶谱组合为体外试验筛选后获得最适宜添加量。试验期42 d。结果表明：1）试验1～21 d，W＋E组平均日增重（ADG）显著高于W组（P＜0.05），料重比（F/G）显著低于W组（P＜0.05）；与C组相比，C＋E组F/G有降低趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10），ADG无显著差异（P＞0.05）。试验22～42 d，与W组相比，W＋E组F/G显著降低（ P＜0.05），ADG有提高的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10），C＋E组ADG和F/G与C组相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）。2）试验第14、21、28、35、42天，C组和C＋E组排泄物中氨气含量极显著高于W组和W＋E组（ P＜0.01）；第21天时，C＋E组排泄物中氨气含量极显著低于C组（P＜0.01），W＋E组排泄物中氨气含量与W组无显著差异（P＞0.05）。3）试验第21、28、35、42天，C组和C＋E组排泄物中尿酸含量极显著高于W组和W＋E组（P＜0.01），W组和W＋E组之间与C组和C＋E组之间排泄物中尿酸含量均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。4）试验第14、21、28、35、42天，C组和C＋E组与 W 组和W＋E组相比，排泄物中尿素含量有增高的趋势（P＞0.05），除第14、35天外，W组和W＋E组之间与C组和C＋E组之间排泄物中尿素含量均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述，小麦-豆粕型饲粮和玉米-豆粕型饲粮添加NSP复合酶可有效改善肉仔鸡生产性能；小麦-豆粕型饲粮添加NSP复合酶可替代玉米-豆粕型饲粮，生产性能可达到玉米-豆粕型饲粮水平。玉米-豆粕型饲粮使肉仔鸡排泄物中氨气、尿素和尿酸含量高于小麦-豆粕型饲粮，小麦-豆粕型饲粮添加NSP复合酶后可降低排泄物中氨气含量。

复合酶法提取蕨麻多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

确定了复合酶(纤维素酶、果胶酶、中性蛋白酶)提取蕨麻多糖的最佳工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行初步研究.在单因素试验的基础上,设计L9(33)正交实验和L9(34)正交实验,分别得出复合酶的最佳配比和复合酶法提取蕨麻多糖的最佳提取工艺条件;采用清除·OH(羟基)自由基模型和O2一·(超氧阴离子)自由基模型评价了蕨麻多糖的抗氧化能力.结果表明:复合酶的最佳配比为:纤维素酶2.0%,木瓜蛋白酶1.0%,果胶酶2.0%;最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1:30、p H值为4.5,温度为45℃,酶解时间为60min,此时蕨麻多糖的提取率最大为8.12%,同时验证性实验也表明优化得到的提取工艺稳定可靠;蕨麻多糖对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子都具有较强的清除作用,并与浓度呈一定依赖关系,且对羟自由基的清除能力要比超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力强.

超声波协同复合酶法提取锦灯笼宿萼多糖工艺优化

【目的】确定超声波协同复合酶法提取锦灯笼宿萼多糖的最佳工艺条件,为锦灯笼多糖的进一步开发提供参考依据。【方法】以多糖提取率为考察指标,通过单因素试验与正交试验探讨复合酶的最佳配比,并考察提取温度、酶解时间、体系p H、液料比等因素对锦灯笼宿萼多糖提取效果的影响。【结果】超声波协同复合酶法提取锦灯笼宿萼多糖影响因素的主次顺序为:酶解时间>提取温度>液料比>体系p H;其最佳提取工艺条件为:在超声波功率500 W、复合酶用量为纤维素酶50 mg/g+木瓜蛋白酶50 mg/g+果胶酶60 mg/g、体系p H 3、液料比7∶1的条件下,40℃超声波提取30min后,再于40℃水浴酶解60 min,提取2次,锦灯笼宿萼多糖平均提取率为21.98%。【结论】超声波协同复合酶法具有高效、省时等优点,可用于锦灯笼宿萼多糖提取。

复合非淀粉多糖酶对肉鸡肉品质的影响

将200只21日龄罗斯肉鸡分正对照组、负对照组和处理组1～3(在负对照组日粮基础上各添加一种复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂)共5组试验,56日龄屠宰,测定肉品质。结果表明,负对照组肉鸡的腿肌肉色a值显著小于(P<0.05)正对照组和处理组1;所有处理组中,处理组1肉鸡的胸肌滴水损失最小,负对照组肉鸡的腿肌滴水损失最大;负对照组和处理组3的腿肌剪切力显著大于其他3个处理组;5个处理组胸肌或腿肌的粗水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、肌苷酸等化学成分指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。本试验表明,酶类全、酶活性高的复合NSP酶制剂对肉鸡肉品质有一定的改善作用。

复合酶法提取漳平水仙饼茶多糖的工艺优化

以漳平水仙饼茶为原料,多糖得率为指标,先采用正交试验确定复合酶最佳配比,进而在单因素试验基础上,利用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选影响多糖得率的显著因素,再结合Design-Expert7.1.3软件中Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理进行响应面回归分析优化。结果表明:果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素酶的最佳活力单位配比为:15∶10∶18;酶解pH对提取漳平水仙饼茶多糖达到极显著效应,加酶量、酶解温度达到显著水平;最佳工艺参数为液料体积质量比为80 m L∶1 g,加酶量3.0%,酶解温度49℃,酶解pH为6.0,酶解时间90 min,在此条件下,水仙饼茶多糖得率为4.26%。

发芽糙米中多糖提取工艺优化及抗氧化研究

以发芽糙米为原料,用超声波辅助复合酶的方法提取发芽糙米中的多糖类物质,以发芽糙米多糖得率为指标进行单因素试验,并通过响应曲面试验确定超声波辅助复合酶法提取发芽糙米多糖的最佳工艺条件,通过测定DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的清除能力,检测提取的多糖抗氧化活性。结果表明:复合酶(木瓜蛋白酶∶纤维素酶:果胶酶的添加质量比例为4∶3∶2)的酶解pH值为6,酶解时间2.5 h,酶解温度为50℃,酶添加量为1.5%,此条件下多糖得率为37.58%。抗氧化性研究发现发芽糙米多糖对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子,羟基自由基都具有较强的抗氧化作用。

超声波协同复合酶提取南瓜多糖的工艺优化

利用响应面分析法对超声波协同复合酶提取南瓜多糖的工艺进行优化。将2种独立的提取方法进行协同作用,考察协同作用对提取效果的影响,并与单一超声波法、复合酶解法相比较。原料经复合酶酶解处理后,再进行超声波处理,在单因素实验的基础上,选择超声时间、超声功率以及水料比为自变量,多糖提取率为响应值,依据回归分析确定提取工艺。分析各个因素的显著性和交互作用后,得出提取南瓜多糖的超声波工艺条件为:超声时间12min、超声功率300W、水料比22∶1(mL∶g)。在此条件下,多糖的提取率为22.80%,验证实验值为22.77%。

复合酶法提取南瓜多糖及其抗氧化性的研究

[目的]优化复合酶法提取南瓜多糖的工艺条件,研究南瓜多糖的抗氧化性。[方法]采用单因素试验设计研究了不同提取时间、温度、料液比、pH值对南瓜多糖提取率的影响,并通过正交试验确定了提取南瓜多糖的最佳复合酶配比和最佳提取条件。采用水杨酸法检测南瓜多糖对羟基自由基(.OH)和改进的邻苯酚自氧化法检测其对超氧阴离子自由基(O-2)的清除效果。[结果]当纤维素酶的浓度为1.0%、果胶酶为1.5%、木瓜蛋白酶为1.0%时,以及温度为40℃、pH=4.6、料液比为1∶30、提取时间为30 m in的条件下南瓜多糖的提取率最高;南瓜多糖对.OH具有较好的清除效果,对O-2有部分清除作用。[结论]该研究为南瓜多糖的研究及应用提供了基础资料。

竹笋多糖复合酶法辅助提取及抗氧化活性研究

探讨了竹笋多糖复合酶法辅助提取及醇沉工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行研究,为其工业化生产提供参考。结果表明,复合酶最佳添加量为每0.3 g样品添加纤维素酶、果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶分别为360、1 080、7200 U;最佳提取条件为:提取温度60℃,提取时间2.2 h,料液比1∶35;多糖最佳醇沉条件为80%乙醇20℃醇沉4h;抗氧化活性结果表明竹笋多糖具有较高的体外抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的清除率分别达到88.1%和86.5%。