Role of renin-angiotensin system/angiotensin converting enzyme-2 mechanism and enhanced COVID-19 susceptibility in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a disease that caused a global pandemic and is caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus.It has affected over 768 million people worldwide,resulting in approx-imately 6900000 deaths.High-risk groups,identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,include individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),obesity,chronic lung disease,serious heart conditions,and chronic kidney disease.Research indicates that those with T2DM face a hei-ghtened susceptibility to COVID-19 and increased mortality compared to non-diabetic individuals.Examining the renin-angiotensin system(RAS),a vital regulator of blood pressure and pulmonary stability,reveals the significance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)and ACE2 enzymes.ACE converts angiotensin-I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II,while ACE2 counters this by converting angiotensin-II to angiotensin 1-7,a vasodilator.Reduced ACE2 exp-ression,common in diabetes,intensifies RAS activity,contributing to conditions like inflammation and fibrosis.Although ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can be therapeutically beneficial by increasing ACE2 levels,concerns arise regarding the potential elevation of ACE2 receptors on cell membranes,potentially facilitating COVID-19 entry.This review explored the role of the RAS/ACE2 mechanism in amplifying severe acute respiratory syndrome cor-onavirus 2 infection and associated complications in T2DM.Potential treatment strategies,including recombinant human ACE2 therapy,broad-spectrum antiviral drugs,and epigenetic signature detection,are discussed as promising avenues in the battle against this pandemic.

A Fiber Optic Sensor for the Simultaneous Measurement of Dual-parameter Based on Hydrogel-immobilized Enzyme Complex

A novel fiber optic sensor based on hydrogel-immobilized enzyme complex was developed for the simultaneous measurement of dual-parameter,the leap from a single parameter detecting fiber optic sensor to a fiber optic sensor that can continuously detect two kinds of parameters was achieved.By controlling the temperature from high to low,the function of fiber sulfide sensor and fiber DCP sensor can be realized,so as to realize the continuous detection of dual-parameter.The different variables affecting the sensor performance were evaluated and optimized.Under the optimal conditions,the response curves,linear detection ranges,detection limits and response times of the dual-parameter sensor for testing sulfide and DCP were obtained,respectively.The sensor displays high selectivity,good repeatability and stability,which have good potentials in analyzing sulfide and DCP concentration of practical water samples.

Effects of Non-starch Polysaccharide Complex Enzymes on Meat Quality in Broilers

[Objective] The study aimed to research the effect of several commercial NSP complex enzymes products on broiler meat quality, and provide scientific basis for feed enterprise and breeding farmers choosing NSP complex enzymes. [ Method] Two hundred ROSS broilers at age of 21 days were designed to five treatment groups, including the positive and negative control treatments, and Group 1 to 3 with feed additive of the commercial non-starch polysaccharide complex enzymes each on base of the negative group diet. At 56 days of age, broilers were killed and meat quality was analyzed. [ Result] The thigh meat color CIELAB a value for the negative control broilers was lower （ P 〈 0.05） than those of the positive control and Group 1. The drip loss of breast meat for Group 1 was the lowest, and the drip loss of thigh meat for the negative control was the highest among all treatments. The shear force for the negative control and Group 3 were higher than those of other three groups. There were no differences （P 〉 0.05） on the contents of chemical components, crude moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and inosine acid for breast and thigh meat among all treatments. [ Conclusion] NSP complex enzymes with complete enzyme categories and high enzyme activity can improve meat quality in broilers.

Nickel-Carnosine complex:A new carrier for enzymes immobilization by affinity adsorption

Immobilization is an effective method to promote the application of enzyme industry for improving the stability and realizing recovery of enzyme.To some extent,the performance of immobilized enzyme depends on the choice of carrier material.Therefore,the development of new carrier materials has been one of the key issues concerned by enzyme immobilization researchers.In this work,a novel organic–inorganic hybrid material,nickel-carnosine complex(NiCar),was synthesized for the first time by solvothermal method.The obtained NiCar exhibits spherical morphology,hierarchical porosity and abundant unsaturated coordination nickel ions,which provide excellent anchoring sites for the immobilization of proteins.His-tagged organophosphate-degrading enzyme(Opd A)and x-transaminase(ω-TA)were used as model enzymes to evaluate the performance of NiCar as a carrier.By a simple adsorption process,the enzyme molecules can be fixed on the particles of NiCar,and the stability and reusability are significantly improved.The analysis of protein adsorption on NiCar verified that the affinity adsorption between the imidazole functional group on the protein and the unsaturated coordination nickel ions on NiCar was the main force in the immobilization process,which provided an idea way for the development of new enzyme immobilization carriers.

Extraction of Pumpkin Polysaccharide by Complex Enzyme Method and Its Antioxidant Research

[Objective] This paper aims to study a new method of extracting pumpkin polysaccharide from pumpkin. Single factor experiments were conducted to examine the effects of extracting time,temperature,the solid-liquid ratio and pH value on the extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin. [Method] The best enzyme ratio and extraction conditions for complex enzymes extraction were determined through orthogonal tests. Scavenging ·OH and O-2 activities of pumpkin polysaccharides were also investigated by salicylic acid and improved self-oxidation of o-pheno methods respectively. [Results] The results showed that the biggest extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin can be got when adding 1% cellulose enzyme,1.5% pectinase,1.0% papain and Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer solution (pH was 4.6),and oscillating for 30 min under water at 40 ℃ with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:30. In addition,pumpkin polysaccharides had a strong activity of eliminating ·OH,but very weak activity to scavenge O-2. [Conclusion] This study provided basic data for research and application of Pumpkin polysaccharide.

Metal 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (Me-HNT) Complexes-A New Kind of Biomimic Enzyme Catalyst

Metal (Me=Fe(III), Mo(VI), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II)) 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes (MeHNT) were synthesized and used as mimic-enzyme catalysts to mimic the active group of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The results showed that Fe-HNT, Mo-HNT are effective catalysts, which have similar catalytic activity as HRP. The sequence of catalytic activities of tested biomimic peroxidas is Mo-HNT > Fe-HNT > Zn-HNT > Ni-HNT > Mn-HNT. Among them, Fe-HNT is used as a mimic-enzyme catalyst in determination of ascorbic acid and glucose by coupling the catalytic reaction of glucose oxidase.

Electrophoretic Purification and Characterization of Human NADH-Glutamate Dehydrogenase Redox Cycle Isoenzymes Synthesizing Nongenetic Code-Based RNA Enzyme

NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is active in human tissues, and is chromatographically purified, and studied because it participates in synthesizing glutamate, a neurotransmitter. But chromatography dissociates the GDH isoenzymes that synthesize nongenetic code-based RNA enzymes degrading superfluous mRNAs thereby aligning the cellular reactions with the environment of the organism. The aim was to electrophoretically purify human hexameric GDH isoenzymes and to characterize their RNA enzyme synthetic activity as in plants. The outcome could be innovative in chemical dependency diagnosis and management. Multi metrix electrophoresis including free solution isoelectric focusing, and through polyacrylamide and agarose gels were deployed to purify the redox cycle isoenzymes of laryngeal GDH, and to assay their RNA enzyme synthetic activities. The laryngeal GDH displayed the 28 binomial isoenzymes typical of higher organisms. Isoelectric focusing purification produced pure GDH. Redox cycle assays of the GDH isoenzymes produced RNA enzymes that degraded human stomach total RNA. In the reaction mechanism, the Schiff-base intermediate complex between α-ketoglutarate and GDH is the target of nucleophiles, resulting to the disruption of synthesis of glutamate, and RNA enzyme. The strongest nucleophiles are the psychoactive alkaloids of tobacco, cocaine, opium poppy, cannabis smoke because they are capable of reacting with GDH Schiff base intermediate to stimulate synthesis of aberrant RNA enzymes that degrade cohorts of mRNAs thereby changing the biochemical pathways and exacerbating drug overdose and chemical dependency. Electrophoretic purification, and characterization of the RNA enzyme synthetic activity set the forecourt for innovative application of GDH redox cycles in the diagnostic management of chemical dependency.

Study on Process Conditions of Preparation of Microporous Potatoes Starch by Complex Enzyme Method

[Objective] The technology of using c-amylase and glucoamylase to prepare microporeus potato starch was studied.[ Method ] Taking potato starch as raw materials, starch hydrolysis rate and the oil absorption as a measure of index, the influences of the reaction temperature, two enzymes proportion, the quantity of enzyme, the chroma of substrate, buffer solution pH and reaction time on microporous potato starch were inves- tigated. [ Result] The experimental results showed that the best technological conditions were reaction temperature 45 ℃, enzyme ratio （ glucoamy- lase/α-amylase）6, the quantity of enzyme （amount of enzyme and starch quality than） is 1.0%, the substrate quantity chroma of 0.14 g/ml, buffer solution pH 4, the reaction time 8 h. In such process condition, the oil adsorption rate of hydrolyzed potato starch was as high as 70.2%, starch hydrolytic ratio was 34.16%. [ Condmion] The study provided a basis for the development and utilization of microporous starch. Key words Microporous starch; Hydrolysis rate; Oil absorption rate; Preparation; Complex enzyme method; China

Effects of A Multi-Enzyme Complex or Probiotic Supplementation on Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chicks

This experiment was conducted to determine whether the performance of broilers fed diets based on corn and soybean meal could be enhanced with enzymes or probiotics. A total of 120 male broilers, three days of age, were assigned to one of four treatments in a completely randomized design, and housed in groups of five with six cages per treatment. The control diet was based on corn and soybean meal while the three experimental diets consisted of the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% of enzyme I, enzyme II, or probiotic. Enzyme I provided α-galactosidase and fl-mannanase, while enzyme II provided protease, amylase, α-galactosidase, xylanase, and cellulase. The probiotic was composed of Bacillus coagulance, Bacillus lichenformis , Bacillus subtilis , and Clostridium butyricum. Over the 28 day experiment, the weight gain of birds fed the probiotic treatment was superior （P = 0.03 ） to the control, while gains for the enzyme treatments were intermediate to those of the control and probiotic. Feed intake and feed conversion did not differ among treatments （P 〉 0.05 ）. Ammonia production was significantly （ P 〈 0.01 ） higher in the control compared with either of the enzyme or probiotic treatments. Compared with the control, supplementation with enzyme H significantly reduced the digestibility of arginine, isoleucine, and lysine （P 〈 0.05 ）. In contrast, the digestibility of energy was higher （P 〈 0.01 ） for birds supplemented with enzyme II than the control. Digestibility coeffi- cients did not differ for any other parameter with the exception of energy which was significantly higher for birds fed the probiotic treatment than the control （P 〈 0.01 ）. In summary, the performance of broilers was significantly enhanced by the addition of a probiotic to the diet. However, under the conditions of this experi- ment, supplementation with a multi-enzyme complex containing either α-galactosidase and fl-mannanase or the combination of protease, amylase, galactosidase, xylanase, and cellulase failed to improve broiler performance.

昆布多糖的复合酶法提取工艺优化及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性

优化复合酶提取昆布多糖的工艺参数,并考察其抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的能力。以昆布多糖得率为评价指标,通过正交试验确定复合酶配比,采用响应面法评价酶解时间、pH、液料比和温度对昆布多糖得率的影响。采用体外酶抑制实验测定昆布多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。结果表明,复合酶最佳添加量为纤维素酶100 mg、果胶酶90 mg、木瓜蛋白酶55 mg,最佳酶法提取工艺为酶解时间1.8 h、酶解温度49.4℃、pH6.1、液料比59:1 mL/g,最佳工艺条件下昆布多糖预测得率18.183%,实测多糖得率18.19%±1.04%,其中性糖、酸性糖、蛋白质及硫酸根含量分别52.72%、11.76%、2.66%、19.49%;在1~5 mg/mL范围内其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用随浓度增加而升高,最大抑制率为79.04%±3.17%,IC50为1.443 mg/mL。复合酶法提取的昆布多糖得率高,其对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有明显的抑制作用。

复合酶制剂对哺乳期驴驹生长发育及营养物质消化代谢的影响

试验旨在探究复合酶制剂对驴驹生长发育、营养物质消化代谢的影响,为哺乳驴驹早期胃肠道机能、肠道健康及营养需要量的研究提供参考依据。选择出生日期与体重[(45.22±7.32)kg]相近,健康的2月龄哺乳母驴驹10头。随机分为对照组与试验组,每组各5头。在相同的饲养管理条件下,驴驹自由哺乳,自由采食玉米秸秆和苜蓿,补喂精料补充料。试验组驴驹在对照组驴驹饲喂的基础上补喂复合酶制剂(木聚糖酶15000 U/g,β-甘露聚糖酶400 U/g,β-葡聚糖酶10000 U/g,纤维素酶2000 U/g,蛋白酶1000 U/g,淀粉酶300000 U/g),补喂量为6.5 mg/(kg BW·d),进行为期60 d的补饲及营养物质消化代谢试验。结果显示:驴驹的体重、体尺无显著性变化,试验组驴驹体斜长和管围总增长较对照组分别提高了26.02%和2.17%(P>0.05);试验组驴驹干物质、有机物、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷和能量的采食量分别比对照组提高了2.99%、3.14%、6.67%、2.07%、1.11%和2.81%(P>0.05);试验组驴驹摄入能、粪能、沉积能、摄入氮、粪氮、沉积氮、氮代谢率、摄入钙、粪钙、沉积钙、钙代谢率、摄入磷、沉积磷和磷代谢率分别比对照组提高了2.81%、13.03%、4.46%、1.65%、10.09%、21.49%、19.54%、2.07%、3.47%、4.59%、2.32%、1.11%、39.06%和40.77%,尿能、尿氮、尿钙、粪磷和尿磷分别比对照组降低了78.10%、20.19%、33.33%、4.35%和9.81%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,在本研究条件下,给驴驹补喂酶制剂促进了驴驹体斜长和管围的增长,营养物质的采食量和代谢率有升高的趋势,但均未达到显著的效果。

大曲复合酶系对小麦协同降解作用研究

为研究大曲复合酶系对天然底物小麦的降解作用,采用异源表达法和亲和层析法纯化来自浓香型白酒大曲的内切淀粉酶(NFAmy13B、NFAmy13A)、内切葡聚糖酶(NFEg16A)和来自Thermoanaerobacterium bryantii mel9T的木聚糖酶(TbXyn10A)及木糖苷酶(TbXyl39A、TbXyl52A)。以小麦粉碎物为底物,研究不同酶及配比对小麦降解的影响,并通过对羟基苯甲酸(p HBAH)法测定还原糖含量评估降解效果。结果表明,NFAmy13B是典型的液化淀粉酶,可高效降解长链淀粉,其4 h降解小麦粉碎物得到的还原糖含量为5.12 mmol/L。NFAmy13A是典型糖化性淀粉酶,可高效将短链淀粉降解为麦芽糖,NFAmy13A和NFEg16A可以提高NFAmy13B的降解效率,复配水解效率为NFAmy13B的2.6倍。木聚糖酶和木糖苷酶与NFAmy13B、NFAmy13A、NFEg16复配可进一步提高小麦降解效率,复配水解效率为NFAmy13B的2.9倍。该研究证实大曲复合酶系对小麦粉碎物存在协同降解作用。

复合酶在白羽肉鸡低蛋白日粮中的应用效果研究

试验旨在研究低蛋白日粮中添加复合酶对白羽肉鸡生长性能、血清生化和抗氧化指标、免疫功能和消化器官的影响。将288只1日龄白羽肉鸡随机分为6组,试验期42 d,试验配方设计1~21日龄和22~42日龄两阶段。对照组(CK组)饲喂常规蛋白日粮(两阶段粗蛋白水平分别为21.28%和19.04%);试验组均饲喂低蛋白日粮(两阶段粗蛋白水平较CK组分别降低0.97%和0.94%),试验1、2、3组全程分别添加200 mg/kg复合酶A(T1组)、200 mg/kg复合酶B(T2组)、300 mg/kg复合酶B(T3组),试验4组两阶段分别添加复合酶B 100、300 mg/kg;另设低蛋白日粮组(T0组)。试验结束时进行生长性能、血清生化和抗氧化指标、免疫功能和消化器官发育情况的测定分析。结果表明:T2、T3组21日龄活体重、42日龄活体重和欧洲生产效率指数均较高,T3组1~42日龄料重比低于其他组;CK组和T3组血清中尿素(UREA)含量显著低于T4组(P<0.05),T2组血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著高于T1组外的其他组(P<0.05),T0、T1和T2组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量显著低于T4组(P<0.05);T4组IgA、IgG和IgE显著高于T0组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在低蛋白日粮中添加复合酶能够提高白羽肉鸡指标和抗氧化能力,促进免疫器官和消化器官发育,提高免疫力。

黄芪多糖复合酶提取工艺优化及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

目的:以黄芪为原料,采用复合酶法(木瓜蛋白酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶)提取黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharides,APS),并分析工艺条件对多糖提取的影响。方法:在正交试验确定复合酶比例的基础上,采用响应面法对复合酶提取APS的提取条件进行优化,得到最优工艺条件,采用pNPG法评价其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。结果:5 g黄芪药材粉末,最佳复合酶配比为:木瓜蛋白酶88000 U、果胶酶65000 U、纤维素酶6000 U;最佳酶解提取条件为:酶解处理时间、温度、pH和料液比分别为2.82 h、60.34℃、5.11和1:34.46 g/mL,APS的得率最高可达22.79%±0.14%;APS对α-葡萄糖苷酶的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为7.42μg/mL。结论:复合酶提取APS的得率较单酶得率显著提高,APS对α-葡萄糖苷酶表现出较强的抑制作用。

不同发酵条件对玉米秸秆发酵品质的影响

试验旨在探究不同的发酵条件对玉米秸秆的发酵效果。在相同的环境条件下对3组秸秆(试验组1:玉米秸秆10 kg+酶制剂50 g+酵母菌10 g;试验组2:玉米秸秆6 kg+精料4 kg+酶制剂50 g+酵母菌10 g;试验组3:玉米秸秆10 kg+石灰水+酶制剂50 g+酵母菌10 g)进行密闭堆积发酵处理,并在发酵1、3、5、7 d检测水分、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、pH值、还原糖、酵母菌、感官指标等,探讨不同试验组的发酵效果并筛选出最佳发酵条件。结果显示:发酵7 d时,试验组1的NDF含量显著低于0、1、5 d(P<0.05),ADF含量显著低于0、1、3 d(P<0.05)。各试验组的pH值均随着发酵时间延长而显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸、乙酸含量均随着发酵时间延长而显著提高(P<0.05)。发酵0 d时,试验组1的还原糖含量显著低于发酵1 d(P<0.05);试验组2的还原糖含量显著高于其他时间点(P<0.05)。随着发酵时间延长,试验组1、试验组3的酵母菌数量均显著下降(P<0.05),试验组2显著增多(P<0.05)。试验组1感官指标最优。研究表明,试验组1即在玉米秸秆发酵过程中添加张铁鹰玉米秸秆复合酶(5 kg/t)+活性酵母菌(1 kg/t)发酵7 d的效果较好。

橙足海参多肽的制备工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以橙足海参(Cucumaria frondosa)为原料,通过水解度、可溶性多肽含量、DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率、总还原力和铁离子还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)等理化指标的分析,结合单因素实验和响应面实验,探究了复合酶酶解法制备海参多肽的最佳工艺参数。利用切向流超滤技术对海参酶解液进行分离,考察了不同分子量段的海参多肽在体外消化前后的抗氧化活性。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为时间5.0 h、温度50.0℃和pH值7.0,在此条件下测得ABTS自由基清除率为38.43%。当分子量<3000 Da时,DPPH自由基清除率IC 50达到2.76 mg/mL,ABTS自由基清除率IC 50达到2.61 mg/mL,总还原力为0.31,FRAP为0.16μmol/mL Fe^(2+)当量。同时,体外消化结果显示,海参多肽的ABTS自由基清除率上升,DPPH自由基清除率、总还原力和FRAP下降,但是仍具有较高的抗氧化活性。实验结果表明,海参多肽在消化前后均具有良好的抗氧化活性,为其功能性食品组分的添加和开发提供了理论依据。

复合寡糖施用对促进黄瓜生长与改善细菌群落结构的影响

植物刺激素寡糖具有提高作物抗逆作用、促进作物生长的功效。在黄瓜生长早期及生长期施用复合寡糖制剂,通过分析复合寡糖对植株光合作用特性、产量和黄瓜3个生长阶段植株叶片、根系及根围土微生物群落,阐明复合寡糖施用对黄瓜的增产增效作用。采用大棚小区试验,设置清水对照、化学常规和复合寡糖3个处理,于盛花期、盛果期和拉秧期分别采集黄瓜叶片、根系和根围土样本,测定各个采样时期黄瓜产量、叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性,进行高通量测序检测样本细菌群落结构和组成。复合寡糖的施用与清水对照相比,提高了单株黄瓜产量,使得每公顷的产量增加了4.96%;显著提高了黄瓜叶片叶绿素的含量,复合寡糖处理对比其他处理能够显著提升叶片叶绿素含量的相对值(SPAD)6.14%~11.46%;同时提高了叶片的超氧化物歧化酶活性39.9%~81.5%,提高了过氧化氢酶活性8.4%~40.4%,提高了过氧化物酶活性1.19%~18.5%。高通量测序分析结果表明,复合寡糖的施用提高了叶片微生物群落中鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas sp.)和甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium sp.)的丰度,它们均具有促进植物生长和协助植物抗病的效果。另外,复合寡糖提高了根围土的微生物群落中生防菌芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)的丰度。黄瓜生长早期及生长期施用复合寡糖,可以提高黄瓜产量和植株抗氧化酶活性,延缓植株衰老,同时提高植株生长体系中有益菌的丰度,可以为进一步深层次揭示复合寡糖的作用机制提供基础数据。

栅藻多糖的复合酶法提取工艺、化学组成及其抗氧化活性研究

以栅藻粉为研究对象,研究栅藻多糖(TBP)的复合酶法提取工艺、化学组成及抗氧化活性。采用复合酶法提取TBP,考察酶解pH、复合酶(纤维素酶和木瓜蛋白酶按1∶1复配)添加量、酶解温度、酶解时间对TBP提取率的影响,并通过响应面模型优化TBP的提取工艺。对TBP的化学成分含量、单糖组成、官能团结构和体外抗氧化活性进行了分析研究。实验结果表明,TBP的复合酶法最佳提取工艺参数为酶解pH 6.1、复合酶添加量5.35%、酶解温度53.1℃和酶解时间84.2 min,在最佳提取条件下,TBP提取率可达(8.86±0.13)%;经化学组成分析,发现TBP的总糖含量为(57.59±1.06)%、蛋白质含量为(5.14±0.88)%、糖醛酸含量为(3.16±0.42)%,TBP具备典型的糖类化合物特征峰,含有吡喃糖和硫酸基团,其单糖共计10种类型,主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖组成;对TBP的抗氧化活性进行研究,发现TBP对ABTS自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基具有较好的清除能力。该研究可对栅藻多糖的提取及其在食品工业中的应用提供相应参考。

不同复合酶制剂对817肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和消化道酶活的影响

本研究旨在探讨杂粕日粮中添加不同复合酶制剂对817肉鸡生产性能、血液生化指标和消化道酶活的影响。选取1日龄817肉鸡720只,随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂玉米-杂粕型日粮,试验组分别添加不同组合的酶制剂(选取市售的果胶酶、脂肪酶、酸性蛋白酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶单品进行配伍)。试验期共10周。结果显示:基础日粮中添加不同组合的酶制剂显著提高肉鸡的出栏体重、平均日增重(P<0.05),但对采食量无显著影响,试验2组(0.1%果胶酶+0.1%纤维素酶+0.1%葡聚糖酶)料重比显著低于对照组和其他各组(P<0.05);饲喂不同组合酶制剂对血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素、促甲状腺素、胰岛素、尿酸、谷丙转氨酶水平没有显著影响,但对空肠糜蛋白酶和淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、十二指肠淀粉酶等酶的活性均有不同程度的增强,其中试验1、2、4组均对3种消化酶的活性有显著影响(P<0.05)。综上所述,在杂粕型日粮中添加不同组合复合酶制剂可改善817肉鸡生长性能和消化酶活性,其中试验2组在提高生产性能、消化道酶活方面的效果最好。

空化射流联合复合酶法提取豆渣中可溶性膳食纤维工艺优化

目的探究空化射流联合复合酶法对豆渣可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)得率、抗氧化活性及官能团的影响。方法采用单因素和响应面实验设计优化空化射流联合复合酶法提取工艺条件,测定提取后SDF的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率和红外光谱。结果豆渣SDF最佳提取条件为:空化射流处理压力0.3 MPa,复合酶添加量为6%,料液比为1:30(g/mL),豆渣SDF提取率为18.21%;此条件下得到的SDF具有较高的抗氧化活性,在SDF质量浓度为2.5 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基抑制率为73.06%;红外光谱图显示经联合方法提取的豆渣SDF官能团成分没有发生变化。结论空化射流联合复合酶法可以有效提高豆渣SDF提取率,为提高豆渣应用价值提供理论支撑。