Surface modification with SiO_2 coating on biomedical TiNi shape memory alloy by sol-gel method

The effect of heat treatment on the transformation temperature of Ti?52.2%Ni (mole fraction) alloy was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The transformation temperatures of the alloy can be adjusted effectively by heat treatment. Dense and stable SiO2 coatings were deposited on the surface of the pre-oxidized TiNi alloy by sol?gel method. The bonding strength of films and matrix was (65.9±1.5) N. The electrochemical corrosion test shows that the TiNi alloy with SiO2 coating has excellent corrosion resistance in the Hank’s simulated body fluid. The release behaviors of Ni ion of the alloy with and without SiO2 coating implanted in the acoustic vesicle of guinea pig were studied by EDS testing, which was inhibited effectively by the dense and stable SiO2 coating on the alloy.

Shape Modification of Parametric Curves

A technique of shape modification and deformation for parametric curvesthrough cosine extension function (CEF) is presented. First, a special extension function isdefined, based on which a shape operator matrix is constructed. Then combining such matrix with thecenter of extension and principal directions, two kinds of deformation matrices are defined.Finally, curve deformation is achieved through multiplying its position vector in a local coordinatesystem by deformation matrix or adding the multiplication of a vector field and quasi-deformationmatrix to its position vector in the original coordinate system. Since CEF contains several variableparameters, each of which generates a different effect of shape modification such as controllingthe degree of continuity of the modified part of curve with the unchanged part, ideal deformationeffects can be got fairly and easily. Examples of theoretical analysis show that the method ispotentially useful for geometric modeling, computer graphics and so on.

Electrochemical behavior of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy after surface modification by electroless plated Ni-P

The electrochemical behavior of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy (SMA) with andwithout electroless plated Ni-P was investigated by electrochemical methods, in artificial Tyrode'ssolution. The results showed that Cu-Zn-Al SMA engendered dezincification corrosion in Tyrode'ssolution. The anodic active current densities as well as electrochemical dissolution sensitivity ofthe electroless plated Ni-P Cu-Zn-Al SMA increased with NaCl concentration rising, pH of solutiondecreasing and environmental temperature uprising. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that aftersurface modification by electroless plated Ni-P, an amorphous plated film formed on the surface ofCu-Zn-Al SMA. This film can effectively isolate matrix metal from corrosion media and significantlyimprove the electrochemical property of Cu-Zn-Al SMA in artificial Tyrode's solution.

SYNTHESIS OF AMPHIPHILIC COMB-SHAPED COPOLYMERS USED FOR SURFACE MODIFICATION OF PVDF MEMBRANES

The synthesis of a novel amphiphilic comb-shaped copolymer consisting of a main chain of styrene-(N-(4- hydroxyphenyl) maleimide)(SHMI) copolymer and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate(PEGMA) side groups was achieved by atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP).The amphiphilic copolymers were characterized by ~1H-NMR, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography(GPC).From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),the decomposition temperature of SHMI-g-PEGMA is lower ...

Shape modification of Bézier curves by constrained optimization

The Bézier curve is one of the most commonly used parametric curves in CAGD and Computer Graphics and has many good properties for shape design. Developing more convenient techniques for designing and modifying Bézier curve is an im- portant problem, and is also an important research issue in CAD/CAM and NC technology fields. This work investigates the optimal shape modification of Bézier curves by geometric constraints. This paper presents a new method by constrained optimi- zation based on changing the control points of the curves. By this method, the authors modify control points of the original Bézier curves to satisfy the given constraints and modify the shape of the curves optimally. Practical examples are also given.

Shape Control and Modification of Rational Cubic B-Spline Curves

This paper considers the construction of a rational cubic B-spline curve that willinterpolate a sequence of data points x'+ith specified tangent directions at those points. It is emphasisedthat the constraints are purely geometrical and that the pararnetric tangent magnitudes are notassigned as in many' curl'e manipulation methods. The knot vector is fixed and the unknowns are thecontrol points and x'eightsf in this respect the technique is fundamentally different from otherswhere knot insertion is allowed.First. the theoretical result3 for the uniform rational cubic B-spline are presented. Then. in theplanar case. the effect of changes to the tangent at a single point and the acceptable bounds for thechange are established so that all the weights and tangent magnitUdes remain positive. Finally, aninteractive procedure for controlling the shape of a planar rational cubic B-spline curve is presented.

A Novel Method for Modification of SMPU by Micro-phase Separation Promoters

A novel method of controlling the shape memory properties of shape memory polyurethane （SMPU） by addition of micro-phase separation promoters including 1-octadecanol （ODO） and liquid paraffin （LP） is reported. The results indicate that the strain recovery temperature and the strain modulus rate （Eg/Er） were increased significantly with addition of small amount of micro-phase separation promoters. Thus it can increase the shape memory fixity rate and other shape memory behaviors of SMPU.

基于非线性修饰和零阶保持器的船舶航向保持控制

[目的]为了解决船舶在海上航行时控制器舵角输出大、打舵频率高、控制速度较慢以及控制精度较低的问题,利用三阶闭环增益成形算法设计鲁棒控制器。[方法]首先,利用三阶闭环增益成形算法设计出线性鲁棒控制器,然后,在控制策略中加入双曲正切非线性修饰以及零阶保持器,在不同海况下对该控制器的性能进行仿真实验。[结果]仿真结果表明,相比于基于非线性修饰的传统PID控制器,在一般海况下,所提控制器在延迟时间、控制精度以及能量输出上分别改进了36%,14%和32%;在恶劣海况下,分别改进了27%,7%和16%。此外,不同海况下该控制器的仿真结果都具有稳定的舵角输出,并可以较快地稳定在临界值附近,证明了其具有较好的鲁棒性。[结论]改进的控制器符合工程实践,对于智能船舶的控制具有较好的应用参考价值。

硅藻土基定形相变材料的制备及应用进展

硅藻土是硅藻植物经过漫长的沉积成岩而形成的一种非金属矿物。硅藻土具有丰富微孔、耐高温、耐腐蚀性、价格低廉和资源丰富等优点,作为一种良好的吸附载体材料而受到广泛关注。介绍了硅藻土的结构特点并归纳了硅藻土常见的几种改性方法,综述了硅藻土基定形相变材料的种类及制备方法,总结了该材料在建筑领域的应用进展,分析了现阶段硅藻土基定形相变材料研究中存在的问题,并提出未来工作中需要关注的重点,以期为其规模化推广应用提供参考。

修形斜齿轮成形磨削中齿廓精度补偿方法

建立了斜齿轮齿廓修形的坐标方程与成形磨削砂轮修整的几何算法,优化出齿廓修形后的砂轮截面廓形;通过数值模拟分析,得到了机床位置误差与齿廓偏差之间的耦合关系;编制了成形磨削齿廓精度调整软件,计算出斜齿轮修形与之对应的成形砂轮廓形和齿廓精度调整参数。通过修形斜齿轮的成形磨削试验,验证了砂轮廓形修整的正确性和齿廓精度调整的有效性。

改性纳米ZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制对二甲苯的反应性能

通过水热合成的方法合成纳米ZSM-5分子筛,并采用等体积浸渍法制备ZnO,MgO和P_(2)O_(5)复合改性分子筛,用于催化甲醇高选择性制对二甲苯反应中。采用XRD、SEM、氮气吸附-脱附以及NH 3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征分析,并在固定床微型反应装置上进行甲醇直接制对二甲苯(MTPX)反应性能评价。结果表明:相比于常规微米ZSM-5分子筛,纳米分子筛具有大量晶间介孔,提高总芳烃选择性;Zn改性减少强酸量,增加中强酸酸量,有利于芳烃产物的生成;分子筛上进一步引入适量的MgO和P_(2)O_(5)可以有效覆盖分子筛的部分孔口和外表面的酸性位,对孔道扩散限制产生影响,对位选择性提高至81.1%,对二甲苯选择性提高至23.3%。

基于形函数的非一致网格接触修形新方法

针对接触压力分布不均导致机械零部件过早失效的问题,提出了一种非一致网格接触修形新方法。基于单元形函数和“虚拟节点”建立了非一致网格接触节点之间的力学关系,推导得到了节点修形量与接触压力之间的数学方程,提出了一种通过最小化最大接触压力求解修形量的极小极大模型,并根据其数学特点将该模型转换为线性规划模型,提高了修形量计算的效率和全局收敛性。通过三个弹性接触修形实例,验证了该方法对一般弹性接触修形问题的适用性和有效性。

线性单体对热致形状记忆环氧树脂的改性

针对航天用纤维增强形状记忆复合材料对基体韧性、耐热性和成型工艺性等方面的要求,采用癸二酸(SA),超支化聚酯(HBP)和聚醚多元醇缩水甘油醚(PPGE)等线性单体对形状记忆环氧树脂(SME)进行了改性研究。研究表明,使用SA将长脂肪链引入SME的改性效果最佳。相对于空白对照组,树脂的形状记忆回复时间缩短48.1%;赋形温度下的储能模量降低98.76%;室温下拉伸强度提高24.1%,拉伸弹性模量仅降低13.7%,断裂伸长率提高121.3%。少量添加HBP可以改善分子的网状结构,但HBP过量时,分子链段则重新向线性转变。加入HBP虽可改善树脂室温下的力学性能,但也导致赋形温度下的较高刚度。PPGE虽可加长柔性链段,但会降低体系的反应速率,改性效果较差。此外,SA改性可以有效延长体系的工艺窗口时间,HBP反之,PPGE则对工艺性影响较小。

转子叶顶间隙值及改型对压气机性能影响的数值模拟

为了分析转子叶顶间隙值和改型对压气机性能的影响,以典型轴流跨声速压气机NASA stage 35为对象,对不同叶顶间隙值的压气机进行数值模拟。结果表明:叶顶间隙增大并且泄漏流强度提高,会导致脱体激波位置前移,转子吸力面激波作用位置后移,前缘溢流现象减弱,叶尖泄漏涡与激波作用增强,间隙区域涡量增加,靠近前缘的涡核向下游移动,但附面层与激波之间的作用减弱;不同叶顶间隙值的压气机失速机制不同,在小间隙下压气机失速是由叶尖泄漏涡和转子吸力面附面层分离共同作用引起的,在大间隙下压气机失速是由叶尖泄漏涡引起的;在研究的变化范围内,叶顶间隙值为0.50τ时,压气机性能最好,峰值效率和稳定裕度分别提高了0.16%和2.39%;将最优间隙改型成平行扩张式和正弦波间隙后,压气机性能提高,脱体激波后移,叶尖泄漏涡与激波作用程度减弱,转子吸力面附面层分离减弱,改型间隙能够减少叶片制作材料,减轻发动机质量。

Preparation of slab-shaped lactose carrier particles for dry powder inhalers by air jet milling

Dry powder inhalers are often formulated by attaching micronized drug particles onto carrier particles, which are generally lactose. In this study, commercially available lactose was air jet milled to produce unique slab-like coarse carrier particles, which have larger and rougher surfaces compared to other commercially available lactose. Two key processing factors, i.e.,classifier speed and jet milling pressure, were systematically investigated. The largest fraction of slab-like particles in the resulting powder was obtained at a classifier speed of 3000 rpm.The slab-like coarse carrier particles are expected to exhibit superior performance than commercial lactose due to their unique surface properties.

Effect of rutile crystal shapes on its settlement

The effect of rutile crystal shapes on its settlement in a modified slag was studied by theoretical analysis,FactSage simulation,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.The results show that the settling velocities of spherical rutile crystals are faster than those of other shapes of rutile crystals under the same volume conditions,and the shape transformation of rutile crystals from rod to sphere can be achieved by adding titanium slag to Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.The volume fractions of the rutile crystals in the upper and lower parts of the modified slag are 30%and 71%when the added titanium slag increases to 278 g,indicating that rutile settling is obvious.Due to the rutile settling,half shaker sorting task is saved,and the recovery rate of TiO2 is significantly increased.The TiO2 content of rutile is greater than 93%,and the total content of CaO and MgO is less than 0.4%,meeting the requirements for the raw materials of titanium white in the chloride process.

Corrosion resistance of benzotriazole passivated Cu-Zn-Alshape memory alloy in artificial Ringer's solution

The corrosion resistance of the Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy passivated by benzotriazole was investigated by salt spraying test and electrochemical methods in artificial Ringer＇s solution. The results showed that after benzotriazole passivation, the corrosion resistance of the Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy was improved evidently. The anodic polarization current density of the passivated alloy decreased, the mass loss reduced, the anodic passivation accelerated, the anodic active dissolution was inhibited effectively, and the surface tarnishing was reswained. Infrared reflection spectrum test showed that Cu（Ⅰ）-benzotriazole or Cu（Ⅱ）-benzotriazole complex layer was formed on the surface of the Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy after passivation. This layer appeared plane, well adhesion, and presented homogeneous golden metallic luster. The corrosion resistance of the Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy passivated by benzotriazole is improved for the formation of an electrochemical stable baffle layer on passivated surface. This layer separates the metal substrate from the outside corrosion medium effectively and retards the corrosion process of dezincification.

OXIDE FILM ON EQUIATOMIC TiNi SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

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RV减速器摆线轮齿廓多目标修形的优化与研究

在RV减速器的修形过程中,存在难以保证RV减速器承载能力和传动精度能够综合提升的问题,且以往关于修形的研究大多数都是单目标修形,为此,提出了一种以RV减速器承载能力和回差为目标的优化方法,并使用RV减速器综合性能检测台对修形后的RV减速器进行了回差动态实验。首先,考虑了摆线轮修形后的齿廓方程以及修形所需要RV减速器的具体参数,并对标准摆线轮产生的接触力进行了分析;然后,确定了摆线轮和针齿最大接触力的位置,得出了摆线轮齿作用力的计算方法;比较了摆线轮与针齿之间的初始啮合间隙以及摆线轮与针轮变形量的大小,对同时啮合的齿数进行了判断,采用MATLAB迭代计算的办法,计算了准确的最大接触力,并使用赫兹公式算出了最大接触力;最后,分析了不同的修形方式对回差的影响,并建立了多目标优化模型,采用改进后的NSGA-Ⅱ算法gamultiobj遗传算法进行了寻优,求解得到了最小适应度下的较优修形量;为验证该修形方法的准确性,使用RV减速器综合性能检测台对修形后的RV减速器进行了回差动态实验。研究结果表明:经过优化后摆线轮齿间最大接触应力相较于等距修形和移距修形分别降低了11%和13%,优化后的回差为0.013′,回差相较于等距修形和移距修形均得到了提高;以承载能力和回差为优化目标的多目标修形能够较好地解决RV减速器综合性能提升的问题。