基于Clinical Trials数据库的癌性疼痛治疗药物临床试验分析

目的了解近年来癌性疼痛(癌痛)治疗药物临床试验的趋势和特点,为癌痛治疗药物的开发和临床研究提供参考依据。方法从Clinical Trials数据库中检索1987—2022年癌痛治疗药物临床试验的相关信息,从试验类型、备案时间、申报地区、癌痛类型、癌痛治疗药物等角度进行描述性分析。结果筛选出临床试验376项,由研究者发起的试验(IIT)项目数多于注册类试验(IST),其中北美洲的总项目数、IIT和IST项目数最多;试验总项目数和IST项目数先增长后回落,IIT的试验项目数稳步增长。针对慢性癌痛、爆发性癌痛和重度癌痛的研究相对较多。研究对象以阿片类药物尤其是芬太尼的占比最高。结论癌痛治疗药物临床试验对推进癌痛治疗药物治疗发挥了重要作用,未来有待进一步加强IST在新型癌痛治疗药物的研究和开展更多IIT研究,以更好地优化癌痛治疗效果。

Molecular insights into clinical trials for immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer:Unravelling challenges and future directions

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a complex disease with diverse etiologies and clinical outcomes.Despite considerable progress in development of CRC therapeutics,challenges remain regarding the diagnosis and management of advanced stage metastatic CRC(mCRC).In particular,the five-year survival rate is very low since mCRC is currently rarely curable.Over the past decade,cancer treatment has significantly improved with the introduction of cancer immunotherapies,specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors.Therapies aimed at blocking immune checkpoints such as PD-1,PD-L1,and CTLA-4 target inhibitory pathways of the immune system,and thereby enhance anti-tumor immunity.These therapies thus have shown promising results in many clinical trials alone or in combination.The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy,either alone or in combination with CRC,have been investigated in several clinical trials.Clinical trials,including KEYNOTE-164 and CheckMate 142,have led to Food and Drug Administration approval of the PD-1 inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab,respectively,for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high or deficient mismatch repair CRC.Unfortunately,these drugs benefit only a small percentage of patients,with the benefits of immunotherapy remaining elusive for the vast majority of CRC patients.To this end,primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy remains a significant issue,and further research is necessary to optimize the use of immunotherapy in CRC and identify biomarkers to predict the response.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors in CRC.The underlying rationale,challenges faced,and potential future steps to improve the prognosis and enhance the likelihood of successful trials in this field are discussed.

基于ClinicalTrials.gov的全球数字疗法临床试验注册现状研究

目的研究全球数字疗法临床试验注册现状,为数字疗法的临床研究及应用提供参考。方法在ClinicalTrials.gov中检索数字疗法相关临床试验,运用文献计量学方法,分析全球数字疗法临床试验的注册数量和年度变化趋势、国家/地区分布及合作情况、申办者类型及构成情况、研究类型及试验分期、适应证分类和特征。结果全球数字疗法相关临床试验共2960项,其中美国最为活跃,远超其他国家/地区,与德国同处国际合作的中心,申办者中64.79%是高校/医院,美国高校/医院表现突出。85.44%是干预性研究,大多数属于设备和行为干预,适应证集中于精神疾病、慢性病和神经系统疾病领域,包括焦虑症(109项)、抑郁症(103项)和肥胖(101项)。截至检索日期,我国数字疗法相关临床试验为143项,与美国存在较大差距。结论全球数字疗法临床试验呈现逐年增长趋势,受COVID-19大流行影响,2020年后增长显著。我国数字疗法尚处于起步阶段,全面推广及应用尚需时间。

Comparative analysis of breast and lung cancer survival rates and clinical trial enrollments among rural and urban patients in Georgia

Objectives:Rural patients have poor cancer outcomes and clinical trial(CT)enrollment compared to urban patients due to attitudinal,awareness,and healthcare access differential.Knowledge of cancer survival disparities and CT enrollment is important for designing interventions and innovative approaches to address the stated barriers.The study explores the potential disparities in cancer survival rates and clinical trial enrollments in rural and urban breast and lung cancer patients.Our hypotheses are that for both cancer types,urban cancer patients will have longer 5-year survival rates and higher enrollment rates in clinical trials than those in rural counties.Methods:We compared breast and lung cancer patients’survival rates and enrollment ratios in clinical trials between rural(RUCC 4-9)and urban counties in Georgia at a Comprehensive Cancer Center(CCC).To assess these differences,we carried out a series of independent samples t-tests and Chi-Square tests.Results:The outcomes indicate comparable 5-year survival rates across rural and urban counties for breast and lung cancer patients,failing to substantiate our hypothesis.While clinical trial enrollment rates demonstrated a significant difference between breast and lung cancer patients at CCC,no significant variation was observed based on rural or urban classification.Conclusion:These findings underscore the need for further research into the representation of rural patients with diverse cancer types at CCC and other cancer centers.Further,the findings have considerable implications for the initiation of positive social change to improve CT participation and reduce cancer survival disparities.

Factors influencing willingness to participate in ophthalmic clinical trials and strategies for effective recruitment

AIM:To explore the factors influencing individuals’willingness to participate in ophthalmic clinical trials.METHODS:A questionnaire survey was conducted from January to April 2021 among patients and their family members at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University,in Guangzhou,China.The survey gathered data on respondents’willingness,demographic and socioeconomic profiles,as well as their reasons and concerns regarding engagement in clinical trials.RESULTS:Of the 1078 residents surveyed(mean age 31.2±13.1y;65.8%females)in Guangzhou,749(69.5%)expressed a willingness to participate in future ophthalmic clinical trials.Specific characteristics associated with greater willingness included a younger age,lower annual income,higher education,prior participation experience,previous ophthalmic treatment,and a better understanding of clinical trials.With the exception of age,these characteristics were significantly linked to a higher willingness.The primary barrier to participation,expressed by 64.8%of those willing and 54.4%of those unwilling,was“Uncertain efficacy”.In terms of motivations,the willing group ranked“Better therapeutic benefits”(35.0%),“Professional monitoring”(34.3%),and“Trust in healthcare professionals”(33.1%)as their top three reasons,whereas the unwilling participants indicated“Full comprehension of the protocol”(46.2%)as the key facilitator.CONCLUSION:This study reveals a substantial willingness to participate in ophthalmic clinical trials and demonstrates the predictive role of demographic and socioeconomic factors.Variations in motivators and concerns between willing and unwilling participants highlight the significance of tailored recruitment strategies.Importantly,the need for and trust in healthcare professionals stand out as powerful motivations,underscoring the importance of enhancing physician-patient relationships,adopting patient-centered communication approaches,and addressing individualized needs to improve accrual rates.

Nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancers:An open-label,non-randomized,phase II clinical trial

BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are a heterogeneous group of tumors with high malignancy,poor prognosis,and limited treatment options.AIM To explore the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced and metastatic BTCs.METHODS This open-label,non-randomized,double-center,phase II clinical trial recruited systemic therapy-naive patients with unresectable or metastatic BTCs between April 2019 and June 2022 at Beijing Cancer Hospital and the First Hospital of China Medical University.Eligible patients were administered nab-paclitaxel(150 mg/m^(2),day 1)and capecitabine(2000 mg/m^(2),twice daily,days 1-7)in 14-day cycles until experiencing intolerable toxicity or disease progression.The primary outcome was the objective response rate(ORR).The secondary outcomes included the disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),and safety.RESULTS A total of 44 patients successfully completed the trial,with a median age of 64.00 years(interquartile range,35.00-76.00),and 26(59.09%)were females.Tumor response assessment was impeded for one patient due to premature demise from tumor hemorrhage.Among the remaining 43 patients undergoing at least one imaging assessment,the ORR was 23.26%[95%confidence interval(CI):11.80%-38.60%],and the DCR was 69.77%(95%CI:53.90%-82.80%).The median OS was 14.1 months(95%CI:8.3-19.9),and the median PFS was 4.4 months(95%CI:2.5-6.3).A total of 41 patients(93.18%)experienced at least one adverse event(AE),with 10 patients(22.73%)encountering grade≥3 AEs,and the most frequent AEs of any grade were alopecia(79.50%),leukopenia(54.55%),neutropenia(52.27%),and liver dysfunction(40.91%),and no treatment-related deaths were documented.CONCLUSION Nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine may be an effective and safe first-line treatment strategy for patients with advanced or metastatic BTCs.

Current clinical trials on gastric cancer surgery in China

Gastric cancer(GC)is the leading diagnosed malignancy worldwide,especially in China.Radical surgery is the cornerstone of GC treatment.We reviewed previous clinical trials and aimed to provide an update on the factors related to the surgical treatment of GC.The number of registered clinical trials in the field of GC surgery is rapidly increasing.With the development and popularization of endoscopic,laparoscopic,and robotic techniques,GC surgery has gradually entered a new era of precise minimally invasive surgery.Postoperative quality of life has become a major issue in addition to surgical oncological safety.Although great progress has been made in clinical research on GC in China,there are still deficiencies.Many studies enrolled large numbers of patients,but the research data were not of high quality.The characteristics of GC in China include a high incidence,large population,and large proportion of patients with advanced GC,which provides sufficient reason for studying this disease.There is still a need for well-designed,large,randomized clinical trials to improve our knowledge of the surgical treatment of GC.

Pain Efficacy of a Home-Based Low-Intensity Continuous Ultrasound Stimulator for Knee Arthritis: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Prospective Clinical Trial

1) Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is defined as a degenerative joint disease that mainly affects the bone. This study aims to evaluate the effect of low-intensity continuous ultrasound (LICUS) treatment on the knee of osteoarthritis patients through home-based intervention using the LICUS medical device. 2) Methods: The clinical trials were designed in a single-arm, open-label, and intervention study. Thirty-five participants, including those who dropped out (12%), were screened and enrolled. The patients received LICUS (1.1 MHz, 1.5 W/cm2, collimated beams) on the knee by the instructions of the investigator at home (5 min/session, 3 times/day, for four-weeks). Outcome measures were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a primary endpoint and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) as a secondary endpoint to evaluate pain relief and functional recovery of the knee between pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment (four-weeks). 3) Results: Knee pain scores measured using the VAS and WOMAC indices were significantly reduced after a four-week treatment with LICUS compared to baseline. Knee stiffness and functional capacity were significantly reduced after the LICUS application. In addition, there were no reports of adverse effects during the study period. 4) Conclusion: Long-term and home-based application of LICUS can be recommended as an alternative option for the treatment of OA patients, as evidenced by the effect of pain relief and knee function recovery.

Anti-oxidative stress treatment and current clinical trials

Oxidative stress disturbs the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the detoxification biological process.It plays an important role in the development and progression of many chronic diseases.Upon exposure to oxidative stress or the inducers of ROS,the cellular nucleus undergoes some biological processes via different signaling pathways,such as stress adaption through the forkhead box O signaling pathway,inflammatory response through the IκB kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway,hypoxic response via the hypoxia-inducible factor/prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins pathway,DNA repair or apoptosis through the p53 signaling pathway,and antioxidant response through the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway.These processes are involved in many diseases.Therefore,oxidative stress has gained more attraction as a targeting process for disease treatment.Meanwhile,anti-oxidative stress agents have been widely explored in pre-clinical trials.However,only limited clinical trials are performed to evaluate the efficacy of anti-oxidative stress agents or antioxidants in diseases.In this letter,we further discuss the current clinical trials related to anti-oxidative stress treatment in different diseases.More pre-clinical studies and clinical trials are expected to use anti-oxidative stress strategies as disease treatment or dietary supplementation to improve disease treatment outcomes.

基于ClinicalTrials.gov探讨慢性胰腺炎治疗研究新进展

慢性胰腺炎(chronic pancreatitis,CP)是指各种病因引起的胰腺慢性进行性炎症性纤维化疾病,临床表现为反复发作的上腹部疼痛和胰腺外分泌功能不全.ClinicalTrials.gov是目前国际上应用最广泛的临床试验数据库,主要包含已完成的、正在开展的和即将进行的临床研究的信息.本文通过对ClinicalTrials.gov数据库中所有于2024-06-30前注册的临床研究进行检索,筛选出最新的CP相关的临床研究,从营养支持、药物、内镜等角度整理归纳CP临床研究的方向和热点,旨在为今后CP临床研究的设计拓展新思路.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Oncology Nurses Toward Clinical Trials-A Secondary Publication

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge and attitudes of oncology nurses toward clinical trials and to provide evidence for the development of clinical trial education programs for oncology nurses.Methods:The study was conducted on 142 nurses who had more than six months of nursing experience working with cancer patients at a tertiary hospital in Seoul,Korea.A structured questionnaire was used to measure the knowledge and attitudes of oncology nurses toward clinical trials.Results:The participants scored an average of 15.03±3.52 out of 19 in terms of knowledge about clinical trials.In terms of attitudes toward clinical trials,the participants scored an average of 5.91±1.37 out of 8.There was a significant positive correlation between the knowledge and attitudes of the participants toward clinical trials(r=0.23,P=0.007).Conclusion:This study found that there was a relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of oncology nurses toward clinical trials.To improve the competency of oncology nurses and provide high-quality care to patients participating in clinical trials,more systematic and sustainable education is required.

An Overview of Quality Management of Therapeutic Vaccines in Clinical Trials in China

Objective To provide suggestions and a reference for improving the quality management system of clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines and promoting the development of therapeutic vaccines in China.Methods Literature research,case study and comparative study were used to analyze the quality management system of clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines.Results and Conclusion From the perspective of the sponsor,investigators and the thirdparty technical service company,the problems such as the low efficiency of clinical trial sample preparation and the lax implementation of the protocol by hospital departments in the quality management of clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines in China were found.Then,the optimization plan for the quality management of clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines is proposed,including optimizing the preparation process of therapeutic vaccines and strengthening the training of hospital department personnel.

Problems and Countermeasures to Improve Clinical Trial Participants’Compensation Rights in China

Objective To discuss the problems existing in the compensation of Chinese clinical trial participants and propose some suggestions for improving their rights.Methods The literature related to the participants’right to compensation at home and abroad was searched to study the inadequacy of the compensation right for clinical trial participants in China from four aspects:insurance system,principle of attribution,legal relationship and compensation regulations.Then,some suggestions to improve the participants’right to compensation were proposed.Results and Conclusion China lacks clear legal norms for participants’right to compensation.There are problems such as unclear insurance rules and compensation rules,unclear contractual relationships between parties to clinical trials,and no laws and regulations to rely on for attribution and compensation.China should issue regulatory guidelines related to the right to compensation of participants in clinical trials,so that all parties in clinical trials can have rules to follow if there is the occurrence of injury,which can better protect the rights and interests of the participants.

Comparative Study on the Policy of Multiplicity Issues in Clinical Trials at Home and Abroad

Objective To study the content of China’s guiding principles on multiplicity issues in clinical trials,and to provide reference for the revision of China’s relevant guiding principles.Methods Based on ICH E9,the similarities and differences of the guiding principles of US Food and Drug Administration(FDA),European Medicines Agency(EMA),and National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)on the multiplicity issues in clinical trials were compared one by one.Results and Conclusion In general,NMPA guidelines are based on ICH E9,but in detail,the guidelines of FDA and EMA focus differently on the multiplicity issues.Therefore,NMPA guidelines need to be detailed and comprehensive.NMPA guidelines can be refined by referring to foreign guidelines to improve the practical guiding significance for clinical research and promote the level of domestic clinical trials in line with international standards.

Analysis of the Current Situation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions in Shaanxi Province

To understand the current situation of institutional registration in Shaanxi Province after the implementation ofregistration system management in drug clinical trial institutions.Relevant information was collected on the“Announcement on the Accreditation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions”issued by the National Medical Products Administration from 2005 to August 2022,the record management information system of drug and medical device clinical trial institutions,and the drug clinical trial registration and information publicity platform.A retrospective analysis was carried out in terms of institutional development,regional distribution,registered majors,principal investigators,and the number of drug clinical trials.After the implementation of institution registration,the number of drug clinical trial institutions in Shaanxi Province increased by 47.4%,884 principal investigators were registered,the number of registered majors expanded from 58 qualified to 117,and the professional scope increased by 50.4%.The policy of institution registration is conducive to promoting the rational use of medical resources and the development of drug clinical trial institutions and improving the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry in Shaanxi Province.

基于ClinicalTrials数据库分析抗凝血药妊娠期相关临床试验注册及方法学设计特点

目的:针对ClinicalTrials临床试验注册平台,探讨抗凝血药妊娠期应用相关临床试验注册及方法学设计特点。方法:依据抗凝血药及妊娠相关关键词,通过对ClinicalTrials临床试验注册平台进行检索,对题目及干预措施进行初选,根据注册内容进行筛选并提取相关信息,分析注册数量、研究阶段、国家/地区、研究类型等注册特点,评估涉及药物种类、妊娠相关疾病、观察结局、盲法、样本量等方法学设计特点。结果:通过双人检索及筛选,最终纳入109项抗凝血药妊娠期相关研究,我国共涉及19项相关研究。研究设计中以干预性研究为主,同时平行对照研究的研究目的以应用抗凝血药预防及治疗血栓性疾病为主。有50项研究应用盲法,以针对研究者及患者设盲较多。阿司匹林、肝素及低分子肝素涉及的研究分别有70、50项,涉及疾病中妊娠期高血压疾病及子痫、复发性流产、血栓类疾病的研究数量居前3位。已完成的临床研究中,平均样本量、时间跨度分别为780例、3.9年,终止、撤回及暂停的研究分析凸显了前期实验性研究及中期评估对于研究的重要性。结论:通过对ClinicalTrials平台临床研究特点及方法学设计进行分析,能够有效针对我国抗凝血药妊娠期临床试验设计及管理提供借鉴及参考。

基于ClinicalTrials.gov数据库分析骨肉瘤临床试验注册现状

目的 分析全球骨肉瘤临床试验注册情况,了解该领域研究现状和发展态势,为骨肉瘤研究和临床诊治提供新的信息。方法 通过采集2001—2021年期间在美国ClinicalTrials.gov注册平台注册的骨肉瘤临床试验数据,从区域分布、年度趋势、试验进展、研究类型、临床分期、参与机构数量等进行多方面的统计分析。结果 2001—2021年间,全球骨肉瘤临床试验共注册514项,主要集中在北美洲和欧洲;其中干预性临床试验有416项(80.9%),药物相关治疗占87.0%(362/416),抗肿瘤药物研究有127种;显示已完成干预性临床试验仅147项(35.3%),其中已发表论文71项(48.3%),公布试验结果 33项(46.5%)。与2001—2011年相比,2012—2021年间在亚洲地区注册的骨肉瘤干预性临床试验比例从6.1%(10/163)增加到15.0%(38/253),招募前注册从1.2%(2/163)增加到43.9%(111/253),但Ⅱ期临床试验数量在这2个时间段依旧占比最大,分别为46.0%(75/163)和37.9%(96/253)。结论 全球大多数骨肉瘤研究为干预性临床试验,主要集中在药物相关治疗,抗肿瘤药物仍然是骨肉瘤药物干预研究的首选。亚洲地区注册的干预性临床试验较之前明显增加,但研究质量和数量与北美洲、欧洲地区差异仍较大。

Advances and key focus areas in gastric cancer immunotherapy:A comprehensive scientometric and clinical trial review(1999-2023)

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is the sixth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Current treatments mainly rely on surgery-and chemotherapy-based systemic;however,the prognosis remains poor for advanced disease.Recent studies have suggested that immunotherapy has significant potential in cancer therapy;thus,GC immunotherapy may improve quality of life and survival for patients with this disease.AIM To provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots of GC immunotherapy.METHODS We conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications on immunotherapy related to GC in the Web of Science Core Collection database.We analyzed 2013 publications from 1999 to February 1,2023,using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace software.We assessed publication and citation distributions using the WoS platform and explored research countries,institutions,journals,authors,references,and keywords(co-occurrence,timeline view,and burst analysis).In addition,we examined 228 trials on immunotherapy,137 on adoptive cell therapy,274 on immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),and 23 on vaccines from ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.The Impact Index Per Article for the top ten high-cited papers collected from Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)are presented.RESULTS Our bibliometric analysis revealed that the study of immunotherapy in GC has developed rapidly in recent years.China accounted for almost half the publications,followed by the United States.The number of publications in recent years has been growing continuously,and most institutions and authors with the most publications are from China.The main keywords or clusters identified were“tumor microenvironment”,“adoptive immunotherapy”,“dendritic therapy”,and“microsatellite instability”.CONCLUSION Our analysis of 2013 publications indicated that immunotherapy for GC has led to several new developments in recent years.Considerable progress has been made in vaccinations,immune checkpoint therapy,and adoptive cellular therapy.In particular,ICIs and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells are novel options for the treatment of GC.We suggest that the combination of ICIs,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and other immunotherapies should be the primary research direction in the future.

Detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy for the noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal diseases:A prospective,blind clinical study

BACKGROUND Traditional esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD),an invasive examination method,can cause discomfort and pain in patients.In contrast,magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCE),a noninvasive method,is being applied for the detection of stomach and small intestinal diseases,but its application in treating esophageal diseases is not widespread.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of detachable string MCE(ds-MCE)for the diagnosis of esophageal diseases.METHODS Fifty patients who had been diagnosed with esophageal diseases were pros-pectively recruited for this clinical study and underwent ds-MCE and conven-tional EGD.The primary endpoints included the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for patients with esophageal diseases.The secondary endpoints consisted of visualizing the esophageal and dentate lines,as well as the subjects'tolerance of the procedure.RESULTS Using EGD as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for esophageal disease detection were 85.71%,86.21%,81.82%,89.29%,and 86%,respectively.ds-MCE was more comfortable and convenient than EGD was,with 80%of patients feeling that ds-MCE examination was very comfortable or comfortable and 50%of patients believing that detachable string v examination was very convenient.CONCLUSION This study revealed that ds-MCE has the same diagnostic effects as traditional EGD for esophageal diseases and is more comfortable and convenient than EGD,providing a novel noninvasive method for treating esophageal diseases.

Clinical research on Tai Chi:a review of health benefits

Tai Chi,a traditional Chinese martial art and health exercise,has gained significant global attention and recognition.The clinical benefits of Tai Chi have been studied extensively in recent decades.We conducted a systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE databases,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,identifying and reviewing 241 clinical trials on the benefits of Tai Chi from their inception to June 1,2023.Most of these studies have consistently demonstrated the positive impact of Tai Chi on balance,cognitive function,mood regulation,sleep quality,pain relief,cardiorespiratory function,and overall health.In the future,the key to fostering the ongoing development of this field lies in comprehensive research on standardized study designs and reporting,the scope of Tai Chi applications,and the core factors influencing its efficacy.