Cable Pin System versus K-wire Tension Band Fixation for Patella Fractures in Chinese Han Population: A Meta-analysis

This meta-analysis compared the therapeutic effect of cable pin system（CPS） with K-wire tension band（KTB） in the treatment of patella fractures among Chinese Han population. The databases of PubM ed, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, Chinese Wan Fang and Chinese VIP were searched for studies on CPS versus KTB in the treatment of patella fractures among Chinese Han population. Literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed, and meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration＇s REVMAN 5.3 software. A total of 932 patients from 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis（426 fractures treated with CPS and 506 fractures treated with KTB）. There were significant differences in duration of hospital stay [mean difference（MD）=–1.07; 95% confidence interval（CI）： –1.71 to –0.43], fracture healing time（MD=–1.23; 95% CI： –1.68 to –0.77）, flexion degree of knee joint at 6 th month after operation（MD=14.82; 95% CI： 10.93 to 18.71）, incidence of postoperative complication [risk ratio（RR）=0.16; 95% CI： 0.09 to 0.27] and excellent-good rate of B？stman score（RR=1.09; 95% CI： 1.03 to 1.16） between the CPS group and KTB group, while no significant difference was found in operative time between the two groups（MD=–4.52; 95% CI： –11.70 to 2.67）. For the treatment of patella fractures among Chinese Han population, limited evidence suggests that the CPS is more suitable than the KTB when considering the hospital stay, fracture healing time, flexion degree of knee at 6 th month after operation, incidence of postoperative complication and excellent-good rate of B？stman joint score. Due to the limitation of high quality evidence and sample size, more large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the findings in the future.

Prestressed tensioning method and its application to testing anchor stress of anchor cables for side-slope stabilization

The anchor stress extent of a prestress anchor cable project has a direct relation with the project safety and performance. Prestressed tensioning method is a kind of nondestructive testing method, by which a reverse stretching load is applied on the external exposure section of anchor cable under construction or in service, and then the elongation variation of stress bars is measured to determine the anchor stress. We elaborated the theory and testing mechanism of prestressed tensioning method, and systematically studied key issues during the prestressed tensioning process of anchor cable by using physical model test, including the composition of tension stress-elongation curve, the variation of anchor stress, the compensation of locked anchor stress, and the judgment of anchor stress, and verified the theory feasibility of prestressed tensioning method. A case study on slope anchor cable of one highway project was conducted to further discuss on the test method, operation procedures and judgment of prestressed tensioning method on obtaining anchor stress, and then the test data of three situations were analyzed. The result provides a theoretical basis and technical base for the application of prestressed tensioning method to the evaluation of construction quality and operation conditions of anchor cable project.

Dynamic Simulation and Tension Compensation Research on Subsea Umbilical Cable Laying System

For studying the dynamic performance of subsea umbilical cable laying system and achieving the goal of cable tension and laying speed control,the rigid finite element method is used to discrete and transform the system into a rigid-flexible coupling multi-body system which consists of rigid elements and spring-damping elements.The mathematical model of subsea umbilical cable laying system kinematic chain is presented with the second order Lagrange equation in the joint coordinate system,and dynamic modeling and simulation is performed with ADAMS.The dynamic analysis is conducted assuming the following three statuses:ideal laying,practical laying under wave disturbance,and practical laying with tension compensation.Results show that motion disturbances of the laying budge under sea waves,especially with heaving and pitching,will cause relatively serious fluctuations in cable tension and laying speed.Tension compensation,i.e.,active back tension torque control can restrict continuous tension increasing or decreasing effectively and rapidly,thus avoiding cable breach or buckling.

Rapid Optimization of Tension Distribution for Cable-Driven Parallel Manipulators with Redundant Cables

The solution of tension distributions is infinite for cable-driven parallel manipulators（CDPMs） with redundant cables. A rapid optimization method for determining the optimal tension distribution is presented. The new optimization method is primarily based on the geometry properties of a polyhedron and convex analysis. The computational efficiency of the optimization method is improved by the designed projection algorithm, and a fast algorithm is proposed to determine which two of the lines are intersected at the optimal point. Moreover, a method for avoiding the operating point on the lower tension limit is developed. Simulation experiments are implemented on a six degree-of-freedom（6-DOF） CDPM with eight cables, and the results indicate that the new method is one order of magnitude faster than the standard simplex method. The optimal distribution of tension distribution is thus rapidly established on real-time by the proposed method.

A new monitoring method of cable tension of cable-stayed bridge—fiber Bragg grating method

A new on-line monitoring method based on fiber Bragg grating(FBG) for cable tension of cable-stayed bridge was introduced. The major structure of sensing head using in the test of cable tension is elastic annular. The FBG is attached inflexibility to the exterior surface of annulus and form straight-through sensing head. Sensing head is installed between the anchor device and stow-board of funiculus holes of the cable-stayed bridge. Accompany with the change of the outside pressure, the Bragg center reflective wavelength of optical fiber grating changed correspondingly. According to this characteristic, through demodulating the Δλ, the value of the cable tension can be determined. The experiment results and the theory indicate that the test system has simple structure, good stability and linear,wide response capacity, and has no special request for tester, The measurement method for the test of cable tension is practical and effective.

Analysis on Motion and Cable Dynamic Tension for An ALT-Tanker System

A two-degree freedom model for an ALT-tanker system is established corresponding to the pitch of the ALT and the surge of the tanker.Tension in the mooring cable between the ALT and the tanker is represented by an unsymmetrical,piecewise-nonlinear function.Wave load on the tower is evaluated by use of the Morison equation.The first order wave load acting on the tanker is calculated by the linear diffraction theory based on the 2-D Helmholtz equation,and the near field approach of Pinkster is used to evaluate the second order drift force.The dynamic equation of motion is established based on the principle of D＇lembert.Dynamic response and cable tension of a mooring system composed of an 88.4 m ALT and a 100000 t grade tanker are calculated.The influence of wave frequency,wave excitation amplitude,wind and current force on ALT-tanker motion and cable tension is discussed.

Evaluation of cable tension sensors of FAST reflector from the perspective of EMI

The active reflector of FAST （ five-hundred-meter aperture spherical radio telescope） is suppor- ted by a ring beam and a cable-net structure, in which nodes are actively controlled to form series of real-time paraboloids. To ensure the security and stability of the supporting structure, tension must be monitored for some typical cables. Considering the stringent requirements in accuracy and long- term stability, magnetic flux sensor, vibrating wire strain gauge and fiber bragg grating strain gauge are screened for the cable tension monitoring of the supporting cable-net. Specifically, receivers of radio telescopes have strict restriction on electro magnetic interference （EMI） or radio frequency in- terference （RFI）. These three types of sensors are evaluated from the view of EMIfRFI. Firstly, these fundamentals are theoretically analyzed. Secondly, typical sensor signals are collected in the time and analyzed in the frequency domain, which shows the characteristic in the frequency domain. Finally, typical sensors are tested in an anechoic chamber to get the EMI levels. Theoretical analysis shows that Fiber Bragg Grating strain gauge itself will not lead to EMI/RFI. According to GJB151 A, frequency domain analysis and test results show that for the vibrating wire strain gauge and magnetic flux sensor themselves, testable EMIfRF1 levels are typically below the background noise of the ane- choic chamber. FAST finally choses these three sensors as the monitoring sensors of its cable ten- sion. The proposed study is also a reference to the monitoring equipment selection of other radio tele- scopes and large structures.

Cable-pin系统与克氏针张力带治疗髌骨骨折的疗效比较

目的探讨Cable-pin系统与克氏针张力带在治疗髌骨骨折方面的临床效果。方法选取2010年2月至2015年1月在骨科就诊的67例髌骨骨折患者,均为闭合性髌骨骨折。其中观察组33例给予Cable-pin系统固定,对照组34例给予克氏针张力带固定,比较两组患者手术时间,术中出血量,开始负重时间,骨折平均愈合时间,术后3、6个月膝关节屈曲活动度,并发症发生率及治疗效果。结果观察组患者在骨折平均愈合时间、开始负重时间、术后3个月的膝关节屈曲活动度、术后并发症发生率、改良Bostman髌骨评分及疗效方面均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);但观察组在手术时间、术中出血量及术后6个月膝关节屈曲活动度方面与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论应用Cable-pin系统相比于克氏针张力带在治疗髌骨骨折方面,具有操作简单、固定可靠、骨折愈合快、负重时间早、膝关节功能好及并发症少的优点,是一种理想的内固定方法。

Kirschner wire和Cable-pin在髌骨骨折手术治疗中的临床效果分析

目的分析比较Kirschner wire和Cable-pin在髌骨骨折治疗中的临床效果和应用价值。方法回顾2006年12月～2009年12月间笔者医院收治的107例髌骨骨折病人,分别用Kirschner wire和Cable-pin手术治疗68例和39例,记录两组病人的骨折类型、手术历时、术中出血量、住院日、医疗费用、术后并发症及远期膝关节功能恢复情况,应用SPSS11.0软件对观察指标进行统计学分析。结果 107例病人全部获得随访,随访时间为3～21个月,平均14.2个月。Cable-pin治疗组患者的手术历时和术中出血量均明显少于Kirschner wire治疗组(P<0.05),但医疗费用远高于后者(P<0.01)。两组病人术后并发症、住院日、骨折愈合时间和远期膝关节功能恢复情况无统计学差异。结论应用Kirschner wire手术治疗髌骨骨折更为广泛,方法灵活且疗效肯定,是一种性价比较高的治疗方法;Cable-pin操作简单、疗效可靠,但仅适用于横断性髌骨骨折,且医疗费用昂贵,在临床应用中有一定局限性。

Cable-Pin系统与张力带固定治疗髌骨骨折的比较

目的比较研究切开复位Cable-Pin系统与张力带固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法闭合性横行髌骨骨折患者79例中,35例采用切开复位Cable-Pin系统固定,44例采用切开复位张力带固定,随访13~39个月,平均26.8个月。观察指标包括切口长度、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、手术后并发症及术后膝关节HSS评分,并进行统计学分析。结果 Cable-Pin系统固定组与张力带固定组切口长度（t=0.339,P=0.735）及手术时间（t=1.821,P=0.073）方面的差异无统计学意义;两组在骨折愈合时间（t=-3.827,P=0.000）、手术后并发症发生率（χ2=4.298,P=0.038）及术后膝关节功能（χ2=4.871,P=0.027）方面的差异有统计学意义,Cable-Pin系统固定组优于张力带固定组。结论对于髌骨横行骨折的内固定,与张力带固定组相比,Cable-Pin系统固定组具有术后并发症少、膝关节功能恢复好等优点,这种方法符合生物力学内固定的原则且操作简便,值得临床推广。

Cable-Pin系统与克氏针张力带内固定手术治疗髌骨横行骨折的对比观察

目的对比并观察Cable-Pin系统与克氏针张力带内固定手术治疗髌骨横行骨折的临床疗效。方法纳入2012年10月至2015年9月确诊为髌骨横行骨折的70例患者,随机分为两组,35例患者接受切开复位Cable-Pin系统内固定治疗(Cable-Pin组),35例患者接受切开复位克氏针张力带内固定治疗(克氏针组)。随访时间为术后12个月,随访内容包括骨折愈合时间、HSS(特种外科医院)膝关节功能评分以及并发症发生情况。结果 Cable-Pin组和克氏针组相比,在骨折愈合时间上无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后3~12个月,Cable-Pin组的HSS评分高于克氏针组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外Cable-Pin组患者的术后并发症发生率要远低于克氏针组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 Cable-Pin系统治疗横行髌骨骨折牢固可靠,术后HSS评分更高,并发症发生率更低,膝关节功能恢复更好,其修复效果优于克氏针张力带治疗。

Efficient modeling of cable-pulley system with friction based on arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian approach

In conventional modeling of a cable-pulley system, the cable must be finely meshed with Lagrangian elements for valid contact detections with pulleys, leading to extremely low efficiency. The sliding joint method based on the arbitrary-Lagrangian- Eulerian （ALE） formulation still lacks an efficient cable element, and in particular, modeling of friction between a sliding joint and the cable has not been studied. This paper presents efficient multi-body modeling of a cable-pulley system with friction. A variable- length cable element with a node movable along the cable, which is described with ALE, is developed to mesh the cable. A transitional cable element is then proposed to model the contact part of the cable by fixing its two nodes to the two corresponding locations of the pulley. Friction of the cable-pulley is derived as a simple law of tension decay and embedded in the multi-body system modeling. It is simplified as a generalized friction force acting only on the arc-length coordinate. This approach can use a rough mesh on the cable, and is free of contact detections, thus significantly saving computation time. Several examples are presented to validate the proposed method, and show its effectiveness in real engineering applications.

Steady State Analysis of Towed Marine Cables

Efficient numerical schemes were presented for the steady state solutions of towed marine cables. For most of towed systems,the steady state problem can be resolved into two-point boundary-value problem,or initial value problem in some special cases where the initial values are available directly.A new technique was proposed and attempted to solve the two-point boundary-value problem rather than the conventional shooting method due to its algorithm complexity and low efficiency.First,the boundary conditions are transformed into a set of nonlinear governing equations about the initial values,then bisection method is employed to solve these nonlinear equations with the aid of 4th order Runge-Kutta method.In common sense,non-uniform (sheared) current is assumed,which varies in magnitude and direction with depth.The schemes are validated through the DE Zoysa's example,then several numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the numerical schemes.

Cable-Pin系统与克氏针张力带治疗髌骨骨折疗效的Meta分析

目的:通过对随机对照试验(Randomzied Controlled Trials,RCT)进行Meta分析,探讨克氏针张力带(tensionband wiring,TBW)和Cable-Pin系统(Cable-Pin system,CPS)治疗髌骨骨折的疗效差异。方法:检索中英文数据库,纳入7项相关RCTs。应用RevMan 5.3对于二分类变量计算比值比(odds ratio,OR)和95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI),连续变量则计算加权平均数(weighted mean difference,WMD)和95%CI。结果:Meta分析显示,TBW组与CPS组患者平均手术时间、术中失血量差异均无统计学意义;两组手术切口长度、平均骨折愈合时间、术后并发症和术后膝关节HSS评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针对髌骨骨折,与采用TBW治疗相比,CPS疗效更好、更安全,且术后膝关节功能的改善效果更好。

Dynamic properties analysis of a stay cable-damper system in consideration of design and construction factors

A numerical solution based on the Steffensen stable point iterative method is proposed to resolve the transcendental frequency equation of a stay cable-damper system. The frequency equation, which considers clamped supports and fl exural rigidity of the cable, is intended to investigate the infl uence of the parameters of the cable damper system on its dynamic characteristics. Two factors involved in the design and construction phases, the damping coeffi cient induced by external dampers and the cable tension, are the focus of this study. Their impact on modal frequencies and damping ratios in these two phases of cable-damper systems are investigated by resolving the equation with the proposed solution. It is shown that the damping coeffi cient and cable tension exert more noticeable effects on the modal damping ratios than on the modal frequencies of stay cable-damper systems, and the two factors can serve as design variables in the design phase and as adjustment factors in the construction phase. On the basis of the results, a roadmap for system-level optimal design of stay cable-damper systems that can achieve global optimal vibration suppression for the entire bridge is proposed and discussed.

Cable-Ready系统与传统钢丝治疗髌骨横行骨折的临床比较

目的:比较Cable-Ready内固定系统及传统钢丝内固定治疗髌骨横行骨折的临床效果及其优缺点。方法:回顾2007年8月-2010年12月收治的98例髌骨横行骨折患者,其中应用Cable-Ready内固定系统治疗42例,应用钢丝内固定治疗56例,记录患者的手术时间、术中出血量、医疗费用、住院时间、骨折愈合时间及远期膝关节功能恢复状况,比较两者之间的差异。结果:98例患者全部获得随访,Cable-Ready组患者的手术时间(40.2±8.9)min、术中出血量(65.3±10.2)ml明显少于钢丝内固定组患者,但医疗费用(1.26±0.12)万元远高于后者。比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在住院时间、骨折愈合时间及远期膝关节功能恢复状况方面两组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Cable-Ready内固定系统治疗髌骨横行骨折具有操作简单、手术时间短及疗效可靠等优点,但医疗费用较昂贵,是一种可供选择的髌骨骨折内固定治疗方法。

Analytical Study of the Cable-Truss Systems on the Glass Certain Walls with Vertical Uses

The aim of this study is to analyze of the cable-glass systems which are used on the glass curtain wall according to their types, degree, architectural and structural effects. The suspended glass system with pre-stressed cable truss (SGSPCT) is widely started to apply after the 1980’s with Serres building. The advantages of these systems are to provide the transparency on the fa?ades and speedy construction process with minimum materials. The disadvantages are: more expensive than other systems and so many details for the joints and load distribution calculations. There are three different architectural design typologies of the SGSPCT system. These are distance bridging systems, between floor system and independent body. These three different typologies can be seen on the same building at the same time. This system has been known as complex structure systems. The twenty five glass buildings which are designed in different systems have been analyzed during this study. After these analyses the five glass buildings which are designed with cable-truss system have been selected for scope of the study. These selected buildings have been included of three different cable-truss system typologies and degree. The methodology of this study is literature survey and building analyses method. The written and visual documents involve books, theses, reports, articles, magazines, drawings, internet sources and applied connection details of the glass buildings. The selected five glass buildings have been detailed analyzed with their architectural drawings, photographs and details. The study consists of five chapters including the introduction chapter. The general information of the glass building and cable-glass system has been mentioned in the first chapter. The structural features, details and analytical information on systems have been explained of the selected buildings in the second chapter. The detailed analyses of these selected buildings have been done according to their schematic drawings with the plans, sections and load distribution in the third chapter. The fourth chapter is discussion section. In this section, cable-truss systems have been compared with their advantages and disadvantages to the other systems. The fifth chapter is the last chapter, many advantages of cable-truss systems have been concluded that the use of glass substrates.

STATIC ANALYSIS OF CABLE STRUCTURE

Based on the nonlinear geometric relation between strain and displacement for flexible cable, the equilibrium equation under self-weight and influence of temperature was established and an analytical solution of displacement and tension distribution defined in Eulerian coordinate system was accurately obtained. The nonlinear algebraic equations caused by cable structure were solved directly using the modified Powell hybrid algorithm with high precision routine DNEQNE of Fortran. For example, a cable structure consisting of three cables jointly supported by a vertical spring and all the other ends fixed was calculated and compared with various methods by other scholars.

Practical Aspects of the Design and Construction of a Small Cable Roof Structure

Cable roof structures?have?only become widespread in large span structures in the latter part of the twentieth century. However,?they?still represent a relatively new form of roof construction, especially as in the present case of a small span innovative structural solution. The contribution of this text to the structural engineering community lies in the increased interest in building simple cable roof structures. Since its completion in September 1996, this small cable roof structure has been recognized as an interesting architectural and structural example. The text describes aspects of the design and construction of a small cable roof that was designed as a roof for an open-air theater stage for the city of Sao Jose do Rio Pardo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. A cable network, in the shape of a hyperbolic paraboloid surface, is anchored in a reinforced concrete edge ring. The projection of the ring’s axis onto the ground plane is an ellipse. Workers with specialized training were employed in the various stages of the construction, which was completed in September 1996.

交替提升与张拉的索穹顶结构施工优化方法

为确保索穹顶结构施工成型前索杆内力的平稳变化,提出了交替提升内拉环与张拉最外圈斜索的施工优化方法.首先,以施工过程中的平均结构应变能最小为优化目标,对内拉环的逐级提升高度进行优化;其次,通过仿真分析得到施工过程中的索杆内力和节点位移,并与仅张拉最外圈斜索的施工方法进行对比.结果表明:交替提升内拉环与张拉最外圈斜索的施工优化方法可有效减小施工过程中的索杆内力,降幅最大达61.83%,避免了施工成型前索杆内力的大幅波动,且结构位形变化较平缓,相邻施工步的竖向位移差最大为1.43 m,平均结构应变能较低,仅为55.03%,优化效果显著,验证了该优化方法对索穹顶结构施工模拟的适用性.