Ex vivo non-viral vector-mediated neurotrophin-3 gene transfer to olfactory ensheathing glia: effects on axonal regeneration and functional recovery after implantation in rats with spinal cord injury

Objective Combine olfactory ensheathing glia （OEG） implantation with ex vivo non-viral vector-based neurotrophin- 3 （NT-3） gene therapy in attempting to enhance regeneration after thoracic spinal cord injury （SCI）. Methods Primary OEG were transfected with cationic liposome-mediated recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1 （＋）-NT3 and subsequently implanted into adult Wistar rats directly after the thoracic spinal cord （T9） contusion by the New York University impactor. The animals in 3 different groups received 4x 1050EG transfected with pcDNA3.1 （＋）-NT3 or pcDNA3.1 （＋） plasmids, or the OEGs without any plasmid transfection, respectively; the fourth group was untreated group, in which no OEG was implanted. Results NT-3 production was seen increased both ex vivo and in vivo in pcDNA3.1 （＋）-NT3 transfected OEGs. Three months after implantation of NT-3-transfected OEGs, behavioral analysis revealed that the hindlimb function of SCI rats was improved. All spinal cords were filled with regenerated neurofilament-positive axons. Retrograde tracing revealed enhanced regenerative axonal sprouting. Conclusion Non-viral vector-mediated genetic engineering of OEG was safe and more effective in producing NT- 3 and promoting axonal outgrowth followed by enhancing SCI recovery in rats.

Surface Modification of Biomimetic PLGA-(ASP-PEG) Matrix with RGD-Containing Peptide:a New Non-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer and Tissue Engineering

RGD-containing peptide （ K16-GRGDSPC） , characterized as non-viral gene vectors, was fabricated to modify the surface of PLGA-[ASP- PEG] matrix, which offered the foundation for gene transfer with porous matrix of gene activated later. Peptide was synthesized and matrix was executed into chips A, B and chip C. Chip C was regarded as control. Chips A and B were reacted with cross-linker. Then chip A was reacted with peptide. MS and HPLC were ased to detect the .14W and purity of peptide. Sulphur, existing on the surface of biomaterials, was detected by XPS. The purity of un-reacted peptide in residual solution was detected by a spectrophotometer. HPLC shows that the peptide purity was 94%- 95% , and MS shows that the MW was 2 741. 3307. XPS reveals that the binding energy of sulphur was 164 eV and the ratio of carbon to sulphur （C/S） was 99. 746 ：0. 1014 in reacted chip A. The binding energy of sulphur in reacted chip B was 164 eV and 162 eV, C/ S was 99.574：0.4255, aM there was no sulphur in chip C. Peptide was manufactured and linked to the surface of biomimetic and 3-D matrix, which offered the possibilities for gene transfer and tissue engineering with this new kind of non-viral gene vector.

In vitro effect of p2l^(WAF-1/CIP1) gene on growth of human glioma cells mediated by EGFR targeted non-viral vector GE7 system

Objective: To construct the EGFR targeted non-viral vector GE7 system and explore the in vitro effect of p21WAF-1/CIPI gene on growth of human glioma cells mediated by the GE7 system. Methods: The EGFR targeted non-viral vector GE7 gene delivery system was constructed. The malignant human glioma cell line U251MG was transfected in vitro with β-galactosidase gene ( reporter gene) and p21WAF-1/CIPI gee (therapeutic gene) using the GE7 system. By means of X-gal staining, MTS and FACS, the transfection efficiency of exogenous gene and apoptosis rate of tumor cells were examined. The expression of p21WAF-1/ CIPI gene in transfected U251MG cell was examined by immunohistochemis-try staining. Results: The highest transfer rate of exogenous gene was 70% . After transfection with p21WAF-1/CIPI gene, the expression of WAF-1 increased remarkably and steadily; the growth of U251MG cells were inhibited evidently. FACS examination showed G1 arrest. The average apoptosis rate was 25.2%. Conclusion: GE7 system has the ability to transfer exogenous gene to targeted cells efficiently, and expression of p21WAF-1/CIPI gene can induce apoptosis of glioma cell and inhibit its growth.

Use of PEI-coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Gene Vectors

Summary: To evaluate the feasibility of using polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (polyMAG-1000) as gene vectors. The surface characteristics of the nanoparticles were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The ability of the nanoparticles to combine with and protect DNA was investigated at different PH values after polyMAG-1000 and DNA were combined in different ratios. The nanoparticles were tested as gene vectors with in vitro transfection models. Under the scanning electron microscope the nanoparticles were about 100 nm in diameter. The nanoparticles could bind and condense DNA under acid, neutral and alkaline conditions, and they could transfer genes into cells and express green fluorescent proteins (GFP). The transfection efficiency was highest (51 %) when the ratio of nanoparticles to DNA was 1:1 (v:w). In that ratio, the difference in transfection efficiency was marked depending on whether a magnetic field was present or not: about 10 % when it was absent but 51 % when it was present. The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with PEI may potentially be used as gene vectors.

Non-viral targeted delivery system mediates transfection of thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus into ovarian cancer cells:a comparison between one time and continuous mediation

Objective： To compare the transferring efficiency and killing effects of one time and continuous mediation with GE7, a non-viral targeted delivery system, in transfection of thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus （HSV-tk） into ovarian cancer cells. Methods： GE7 was used to prepare recombinants with β-galactosidase （β-gal） and HSVI-tk; the recombinants were then used to transfect human ovarian cancer line CaOV3 once and continuously. β-gal staining was used to compare the efficiencies of one time and continuous mediation with GE7 system. Ganciclovior （GCV） was introduced into HSVI-tk transfected ovarian cells. Through drawing the cell growth curve and flow cytometry, the killing effects of GCV on once and continuously GE7/HSVI-tk transfected cells were observed. Results： We found that the one time and continuous exogenous gene transfer efficiencies were about 80% and 85%, respectively. When 1 μg/mL GCV was used to treat ovarian cell transfected with HSVI-tk gene, growth inhibiting rates of ovarian cells of one time and continuous transferring were 82% and 90%, respectively; their apoptosis indices were 15 and 30, respectively. Under same GCV concentration, continuous mediation of GE7/pCMV-tk transfection into ovarian cancer cells had more significant inhibitory effect than one time mediation （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Compared with one time mediation, continuous mediation of transfection with GE7 gene delivery system has higher efficiency. Continuous mediation of GE7/HSVI-tk/GCV therapeutic gene system has more powerful killing effect.

金刚石磨粒纳米加工单晶碳化硅非连续表面机理研究

建立金刚石磨料纳米加工单晶碳化硅衬底的分子动力学模型,从矢量位移、切削力、晶体结构相变及缺陷等方面研究划痕对原子去除过程的影响以及划痕壁面的材料去除机理。结果表明:划痕区域原子的去除方法主要是剪切和挤压。划痕入口区壁面变形为弹性和塑性混合变形,划痕出口区壁面变形主要为塑性变形,增加纳米加工深度能够提高原子的去除量。衬底表面存在的划痕使纳米加工过程中的切向和法向切削力均降低,最大差值分别为300和600 nN,划痕区域原子的缺失是切向力下降的主要原因。磨粒的剪切挤压作用使碳化硅原子的晶体结构发生了非晶转化,产生了大量不具有完整晶格的原子,并且衬底表层的原子与临近的原子成键,形成稳定的结构。衬底温度受影响的区域主要集中在磨粒的下方,并向衬底的深处传递,在2、5和8?纳米加工深度下衬底温度之间的差值约为100 K。

A RGD-Containing Oligopeptide (K)_(16)GRGBSPC: A Novel Vector for Integrin-Mediated Targeted Gene Belivery

A 23 amino acid, bifunctional integrin-targeted synthetic oligopeptide was evaluated for ex vivo gene delivery to rabbit bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs）. Synthesis of the peptide （K）16GRGDSPC was performed on a solid-phase batch peptide synthesizer. BMSCs were transfected with plasmid DNA coding for luciferase by （K）j6GRGDSPC and the transfection efficiency was assayed. The influences of chloroquine and polyethyleneimine on the transfection efficiency were also examined. The target specificity of （K）16GRGDSPC to mediate exogenous gene into BMSCs was analyzed using cell attachment test and gene delivery inhibition test. The results showed that the transfection efficiency of the oligopeptide vector was lower than that of Lipofectamine. But in the presence of endosomal buffer chloroquine or endosomal disrupting agent polyethyleneimine, the transfection efficiency of the vector was greatly enhanced. In addition, RGD-containing peptides inhibited BMSCs＇ attachment to the 96-well plates pretreated with fibronectin or vitronecfin and significantly decreased the transfection efficiency of the oligopeptide vector. These studies demonstrated that oligopeptide （K）16GRGDSPC was an ideal novel targeted non-viral gene delivery vector, which was easy to be synthesized, high efficient and low cytotoxicity. The vector could effectively deliver exogenous gene into rat BMSCs.

Cost effective filamentous phage based immunization nanoparticles displaying a full-length hepatitis B virus surface antigen

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. In combating HBV infections, HBV diagnosis and vaccination are therefore critical. The hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is a key target molecule in developing vaccines and diagnostic systems. To date, although HBsAg has been expressed in bacteria, yeasts and mammalian cells, there are still limitations in the existing ones, which leave the necessity for searching new HBsAg production methods. In this study, a simple phage display-based method was developed to produce the purified full-length HBsAg molecules for further immunization studies. For this purpose, the HBsAg coding gene was cloned into a pCANTAB5E phagemid vector and expressed on the surface of M13 filamentous phages. The HBsAg-expressing phage nanosystem was then used as immunization agent in BALB/cJ mice. The ELISA results for sera obtained from mice immunized with HBsAg-displaying phage particles revealed an immune response against HBsAg. These results demonstrate the potential use of a full-length antigen to be displayed on phages as cost effective adjuvant-free immunization agents as an alternative to the highly purified and more expensive antigens conjugated with carrier molecules.

Vectors for gene therapy:A place for DNA transposon

Gene therapy offers important perspectives in current and future medicine but suffers from imperfect vectors for the delivery of the therapeutic gene. Most preclinical and clinical trials have been based on the use of viral vectors, which have evident advantages but also some serious disadvantages. In the past decade the use of DNA transposon-based systems for gene delivery has emerged as a non-viral alternative. DNA transposon vector engineering remains largely in a preclinical phase but some interesting results have been obtained. This mini-review aims to provide the current state of the art on DNA transposon vectors used in a gene therapy perspective.

基于增量自适应支持向量机的AFM尖端磨损识别

为了提高纳米加工刀具磨损状态在线监测的精度与泛化能力,提出一种基于增量自适应支持向量机的基于原子力显微镜(AFM)尖端磨损识别方法。该方法以横向力的峰-峰值和方差作为特征变量,通过移动视窗获取增量数据;以维持Kuhn-Tucher定理所要求的最优化条件为准则,在当前支持向量机解结构基础上自适应修改正则化参数C和核参数σ,以获得更新支持向量机结构,并对增量数据及受其扰动的原数据进行分类;根据尖端失效点数量走势,判定尖端磨损程度。实验证明该算法在识别精度与时间上可满足在线检测要求。与定向非循环图支持向量分类器对比,该算法具有更强的鲁棒性与更高的泛化能力。

CRISPR/Cas9 systems:Delivery technologies and biomedical applications

The emergence of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)genome-editing system has brought about a significant revolution in the realm of managing human diseases,establishing animal models,and so on.To fully harness the potential of this potent gene-editing tool,ensuring efficient and secure delivery to the target site is paramount.Consequently,developing effective delivery methods for the CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a critical area of research.In this review,we present a comprehensive outline of delivery strategies and discuss their biomedical applications in the CRISPR/Cas9 system.We also provide an indepth analysis of physical,viral vector,and non-viral vector delivery strategies,including plasmid-,mRNA-and protein-based approach.In addition,we illustrate the biomedical applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system.This review highlights the key factors affecting the delivery process and the current challenges facing the CRISPR/Cas9 system,while also delineating future directions and prospects that could inspire innovative delivery strategies.This review aims to provide new insights and ideas for advancing CRISPR/Cas9-based delivery strategies and to facilitate breakthroughs in biomedical research and therapeutic applications.

pIL-12 delivered by polymer based nanovector for anti-tumor genetherapy

Finding more effective and safe non-viral vectors to transfer genes into cancer cells has become the key of immune gene therapy for cancer.Herein a triblock compound MPEG_(2000)-PDLLA_(4000)-MPEG_(2000) modified by cationic liposome DOTAP was used as a non-viral vector DOTAP/MPEG_(2000)-PDLLA_(4000)-MPEG_(2000)(DMPM)to effectively transfer interleukin(IL)-12 plasmid(pIL-12)into tumor tissue.IL-12 produced by transfected tumor cells successfully inducing lymphocyte proliferation and promoting interferon-γ(IFN-γ)secretion,which resulted in tumor cells death.The ability of DMPM to transfer pIL-12 and the immune effect induced by IL-12 in cells had been explored.The anti-tumor effect,mechanism and safety of pIL-12/DMPM in mice cancer model were investigated in this study.Our results showed that the pIL-12 transferred by DMPM was highly expressed both in CT26 cells and B16-F10 cells.IL-12 expressed in the culture supernatant of transfected tumor cells stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and promoted IFN-γsecretion.The experimental result confirmed that pIL-12/DMPM therapy significantly reduced tumor growth in mice model.We designed the nanocomposite DMPM to deliver pIL-12 for cancer treatment and explored its therapeutic efficacy and the underlying anti-tumor mechanism.Our study suggested pIL-12 loaded by DMPM complex would be an effective strategy for cancer treatment.

Insights on drug and gene delivery systems in liver fibrosis

Complications of the liver are amongst the world’s worst diseases.Liver fibrosis is the first stage of liver problems,while cirrhosis is the last stage,which can lead to death.The creation of effective anti-fibrotic drug delivery methods appears critical due to the liver’s metabolic capacity for drugs and the presence of insurmountable physiological impediments in the way of targeting.Recent breakthroughs in anti-fibrotic agents have substantially assisted in fibrosis;nevertheless,the working mechanism of anti-fibrotic medications is not fully understood,and there is a need to design delivery systems that are well-understood and can aid in cirrhosis.Nanotechnology-based delivery systems are regarded to be effective but they have not been adequately researched for liver delivery.As a result,the capability of nanoparticles in hepatic delivery was explored.Another approach is targeted drug delivery,which can considerably improve efficacy if delivery systems are designed to target hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).We have addressed numerous delivery strategies that target HSCs,which can eventually aid in fibrosis.Recently genetics have proved to be useful,and methods for delivering genetic material to the target place have also been investigated where different techniques are depicted.To summarize,this review paper sheds light on themost recent breakthroughs in drug and gene-based nano and targeted delivery systems that have lately shown useful for the treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

PEG-b-PLL的合成及其自组装纳米基因载体的研究

目的合成两嵌段聚乙二醇-b-聚赖氨酸共聚物(PEG-b-PLL),并评价PEG-b-PLL载基因纳米复合物。方法以端氨基PEG引发Lys(z)-NCA,首先得到两嵌段共聚物PEG-b-PZLL,然后酸解去除苄氧羰基保护基团,得到了两嵌段共聚物PEG-b-PLL。通过正负电荷吸附作用自组装形成PEG-b-PLL载基因纳米复合物,考察其性质。结果制备的PEG-b-PLL载基因纳米复合物外观圆整,呈类球形,大小均匀,平均粒径为(150.3±5.5)nm,其Zeta电位为(-15.82±2.34)mV。该复合物在血浆中稳定,具有一定的抗核酸酶降解能力,且能成功的转染HepG2细胞。结论该复合物是一种制备工艺简单,性能良好,极富潜力的非病毒基因载体。

PEI介导外源基因进入植物细胞的瞬时表达

【目的】医学方面的大量研究证实,聚乙烯亚胺(polyethylenimine,PEI)作为一种新型阳离子多聚物基因载体可以吸附和浓缩DNA,通过与细胞膜亲和粘附和细胞吞噬作用运载外源基因进入细胞并实现表达。本实验研究旨在探索PEI作为非病毒基因载体介导外源基因进入植物细胞并获得瞬时表达的可能性。【方法】制备PEI/DNA复合物,利用凝胶阻滞分析PEI与DNA的结合情况,采用电子显微镜观察PEI/DNA复合物的形态。以绿色荧光蛋白基因为报告基因研究不同N/P比条件下PEI/DNA复合物对拟南芥原生质体细胞的转化效率,并与PEG转化方法进行比较分析。【结果】PEI与DNA的质量比为5﹕1～1﹕4,PEI可以与DNA稳定结合,形成粒径约100～200nm的球形复合物。PEI/DNA复合物对拟南芥原生质体细胞的转化效率随其N/P比的增大而提高,N/P=5时PEI的转化效率达到最高且明显高于PEG介导的转化效率,N/P>5时转化效率反而下降,容易使细胞破碎和变形。【结论】PEI作为一种新型的外源基因运送载体对拟南芥原生质体细胞具有良好的介导基因转移效果。

荧光光谱法研究碳纳米管与牛血清白蛋白间相互作用

作为一类新型的纳米材料,碳纳米管(CNTs)所具有的独特结构、强细胞穿透能力和低免疫原性等特性引发了生物医学领域的广泛关注,并有望作为一类新型的药物和基因转运载体。因此,研究碳纳米管与生物大分子间的相互作用对其在体内的进一步应用具有极其重要的意义。本文运用荧光猝灭法、同步荧光法以及红边激发荧光位移法(REES法)研究了生理条件下碳纳米管与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)间的相互作用。结果表明,碳纳米管可引起BSA内源性荧光的静态猝灭,但同步荧光和REES的研究结果表明碳纳米管对BSA的构象基本没有影响。同时,通过对碳纳米管与BSA相互作用的机制的探讨,我们推测碳纳米管主要通过非特异性吸附的方式与BSA相互作用。

纳米羟基磷灰石表面修饰及其DNA结合性能的实验研究

目的探讨纳米羟基磷灰石(nano-hydroxyapatite,nHA)的表面修饰对DNA结合能力的影响。方法采用化学共沉淀-水热合成法制备nHA;应用聚乙烯亚胺(polyethylenimine,PEI)对其进行表面修饰,对修饰及未修饰纳米粒进行透射电镜观察及Zeta电位检测;凝胶电泳检测纳米粒修饰前后在不同pH值、不同浓度下与DNA结合及保护DNA抗核酸酶消化的能力。结果经PEI表面修饰的nHA透射电镜下呈短棒状,粒径较均匀,分散程度良好;而未修饰的纳米粒较易团聚及分散性差。纳米粒经表面修饰后其Zeta电位为正,在不同pH值、不同浓度下与DNA具有较强的结合及抗核酸酶消化的能力;而未修饰的nHA表面带负电荷,与DNA结合及抗核酸酶消化的能力较差。在pH为7.0环境条件下经表面修饰的nHA浓度为250μg/ml时能更有效结合和保护DNA。结论 nHA经PEI表面修饰后可成为一种有效的DNA结合及转运载体。

靶向线粒体的载体给药系统研究进展

线粒体是细胞内最重要的细胞器之一,在人体代谢中发挥重要生理作用.线粒体的结构和功能紊乱能导致多种疾病,靶向线粒体给药在现代疾病治疗中具有非常重要的意义.阐述了四类靶向线粒体的载体给药系统,并介绍其局限性和解决思路.

基于环糊精自组装的纳米药物与基因载体研究进展

随着纳米技术与精准医学的不断发展,纳米药物与基因载体已被广泛应用于肿瘤等相关疾病的治疗。纳米技术不但能提高药物生物利用度,而且可以降低药物毒副作用,这对于开发新型药物制剂具有重要的意义。构筑纳米药物与基因载体的手段多种多样,自组装方法是目前最常用的手段之一。利用自组装可以构筑出具有新型结构与功能的超分子组装体,对探索和设计新型功能的纳米药物与基因载体具有重要的研究意义。通过环糊精自组装来构筑纳米药物与基因载体是目前的研究热点之一。自组装可以避免复杂的合成步骤与纯化工艺,具有方便、灵活与快捷的优势。通过两方面(共价偶联方案与聚轮烷方案)介绍了基于环糊精自组装的纳米药物与基因载体,并对其发展前景作了进一步的展望。

新型非病毒纳米基因载体PEI-β-CyD对软骨细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞转染有效性评估

目的评估新型非病毒纳米基因载体聚乙烯亚胺-β-环糊精(PEI-β-CyD)对软骨细胞系C5.18和骨髓间充质干细胞系C3H10T1/2转染的有效性。方法体外培养软骨细胞系C5.18和骨髓间充质干细胞系C3H10T1/2,MTT法观察并比较PEI-β-CyD和相对分子质量为25 000的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI25KDa)对C5.18细胞和C3H10T1/2细胞的细胞毒性。在不同的N/P(载体有效氮含量/外源基因有效磷含量)复合条件下,利用PEI-β-CyD和PEI25KDa分别转染C5.18细胞和C3H10T1/2细胞,倒置荧光显微镜结合流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果 PEI-β-CyD对C5.18细胞和C3H10T1/2细胞的细胞毒性均小于PEI25KDa。PEI-β-CyD与PEI25KDa对C5.18细胞的转染效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PEI-β-CyD对C3H10T1/2细胞的转染效率显著高于PEI25KDa(P<0.05)。结论 PEI-β-CyD对于软骨细胞系C5.18及骨髓间充质干细胞系C3H10T1/2是一种低毒有效的非病毒纳米基因载体,在软骨组织工程和细胞治疗研究及应用领域具有良好的开发前景。