Factors Influencing the Outcrossed Seed-Setting Obstacles of Photo-thermo Sensitive Genie Male Sterile Rice

Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the factors affecting outcrossed seed-setting were analyzed. The PTGMS had obstacles in outcrossed seed setting influenced by inheritance and environment at varying degrees. Environmental temperature was regarded as the main factor that resulted in the outcrossed seed-setting obstacles. The sensitive stage was at the early stage of grain filling for outcrossed seed setting. There existed remarkable differences at the sensitivity stage, the duration of sensitive period, the sensitive level and the effective level of outcrossed seed-setting obstacles caused by environmental temperature among different PTGMS lines. Therefore, attention should be paid to outcrossed seed-setting obstacles in selection and utilization of PTGMS lines.

Inheritance of the Male Sterility in a New Photo/Thermo-Sensitive Genie Male Sterile Line B06S of Rice

The major male sterile genes in a new photo/thermo-sensitive genie male sterile (PTGMS) line B06S of rice were analyzed by the manipulation of mixture distribution theory. The results indicated that a pair of major male sterile nuclear genes with large effects were responsible for controlling the male sterility of B06S.

Effect of day length and temperature on the pollen fertility in photo(thermo)-sensitive genic male-sterile rice

The effect of day length and temperature on the pollen fertility of five photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile japonica rice lines (PGMSR) and three temperature-sensitive genic malesterile indica rice lines (TGMSR) were investigated in phytotron. The light source used for illumination was xenon lamp, and the light intensity which plant accepted on the leaf surface was 300—350μmol photons ms. The results indicated that pollens of PGMSR 7001S and E47S aborted completely whereas a little part of 31116S pollens appeared normal under long day photoperiod (LD,25℃,15h) (Table 1). High temperature (HT, 30℃, 12h) and lower temperature (LT,

Photochemistry of insecticide imidacloprid: direct and sensitized photolysis in aqueous medium

The direct and sensitized photodegradations of imidacloprid, 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine, were investigated in aqueous solution and with and without various photo-sensitizers. Results of the study revealed that the intensity of lamp-house and irradiation wavelength had significant effects on the photolysis of imidacloprid. Complete degradation of 20 mg/L imidacloprid in aqueous phase was observed in 40 min under ultraviolet(UV) irradiation system, suggesting the ultraviolet ray played significant role in direct photolysis of imidacloprid. The additions of various photo-sensitizers lead to improve the degradation efficiency of imidacloprid under the irradiation of black light fluorescent lamp. TiO 2 was the most efficient in the photo-catalytic degradation of imidacloprid among other photo-sensitizers in used this study. However, addition of acetone inhibited the photolysis of imidacloprid under the irradiation of UV, indicating the occurrence of competition between acetone and imidacloprid for photos. Mineralization of the imidacloprid was examined to clarify the final photochemical degradation products of the insecticide which were CO 2, Cl- and NO- 3. Complete photo-oxidation of nitrogen to NO- 3 occurred very slowly via the intermediate formation of NH+ 4 and NO- 2.

Enhanced transient photovoltaic characteristics of core–shell ZnSe/ZnS/L-Cys quantum-dot-sensitized TiO_2 thin-film

Photoanodic properties greatly determine the overall performance of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells（QDSCs）. In the present report, the microdynamic behaviors of carriers in the nanocomposite thin-film, a Zn Se QD-sensitized mesoporous La-doped nano-TiO2 thin-film, as a potential candidate for photoanode, are probed via nanosecond transient photovoltaic（TPV） spectroscopy. The results confirm that the L-Cys ligand has a dual function serving as a stabilizer and molecular linker. Large quantities of interface states are located at the energy level with a photoelectric threshold of1.58 eV and a quantum well（QW） depth of 0.67 eV. This QW depth is approximately 0.14 eV deeper than the depth of QW buried in the Zn Se QDs, and a deeper QW results in a higher quantum confinement energy. A strong quantum confinement effect of the interface state may be responsible for the excellent TPV characteristics of the photoanode. For example, the peak intensity of the TPV response of the QD-sensitized thin-film lasts a long time, from 9.40 × 10^（-7） s to 2.96 × 10^（-4） s,and the end time of the PTV response of the QD-sensitized thin-film is extended by approximately an order of magnitude compared with those of the TiO2 substrate and the QDs. The TPV characteristics of the QD-sensitized thin-film change from p-type to n-type for the QDs before and after sensitizing. These properties strongly depend on the extended diffusion length of the photogenerated carries and the reduced recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, resulting in prolonged carrier lifetime and an increased level of electron injection into the TiO2 thin-film substrate.

ZnO Spin-Coating of TiO₂Photo-Electrodes to Enhance the Efficiency of Associated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with ZnO spin-coated TiO2 photo-electrodes are compared to DSSC with a bare TiO2 photo-electrode. It is demonstrated that the deposited ZnO of controlled amount, by varying the precursor concentration in the coating sol, can indeed enhance the performance of the DSSC. The measured power conversion efficiency shows a maximum around the precursor concentration 0.1 M and falls down sharply to 0% beyond this point. The results are interpreted on the basis of two competing factors: At ZnO concentrations less than 0.1 M, the formation of an energy barrier increases the photocurrent by reducing the rate of interfacial back-recombination. At ZnO concentrations greater than 0.1 M, the screening of the TiO2 film by thicker ZnO layers decreases the photocurrent through the reduction of TiO2 dye-adsorption efficiency.

Visible-Light Excitated Photocatalytic Activity of Rare Earth Metal-Ion-Doped Titania

The rare earth ion Ce 4+ doped TiO 2 was prepared by sol-gel method. The average particle sizes are about 10 nm for sol phase and 55 nm for polycrystalline phase. The photocatalytic activities to degrade Reactive Brilliant Red Dye X-3B were investigated. The result reveals that the spectrum response of Ce 4+-TiO 2 has extended to visible region from the UV region(λ<387 nm) of pure TiO 2. Amorphous phase Ce 4+-TiO 2 sol with an electron scavenger (1.0% atom fraction Ce 4+ ion doping amount) shows the capability of the photocatalytic degradation of the dye X-3B as well as the nanocrystallite Ce 4+-TiO 2 with an interband trap site. Despite of the difference in the morphology of Ce 4+-TiO 2 photocatalyst, there is no apparent difference in respect of the decoloring effects. Whereas, polycrystalline phase Ce 4+-TiO 2 exhibits strong photomineralization power in comparison with the amorphous phase. The photocatalytic oxidation mechanisms of the dye molecule mainly involved in the self-photo-sensitization photolysis process by the first excited singlet oxygen ( 1O 2) and photocatalysis process by hydroxyl radicals(·OH) under visible light irradiation.

Synthesis and Photo-acid Generation of a Novel Bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine

A new environmentally friendly photo-acid generator（PAG）, 1-{4＇-[4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-1,3,5-triazin- 2-yl] [ 1, 1＇-biphenyl]-4-yl}-O-acetyloxime ethanone（TZ4） consisting of both an oxime ester group and a triazine group was designed and synthesized. From the measurements of absorption, fluorescence and the photo-acid generation, it was found that the novel PAG has an excellent radical-generating efficiency. And the other three bis-（trichloromethyl） triazine derivatives 2-[2-（4-methoxyphenyl）ethenyl]-4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-l,3,5-triazine（TZ1）, 2-[2-（3,4-dimethoxyphenyl）ethenyl]-4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-1,3,5-triazine（TZ2） and 2-（1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl）-4,6-bis（trichloromethyl）-1,3,5-triazine（TZ3） were synthesized and studied in this work. In the acid measurement, the acid-forming performance of S-triazinyl derivatives was evaluated by the method ascertained in our laboratory. The results indicate that the novel triazine has the better acid-forming performance that subsequently catalyzes the deblocking of a protecting group in copolymers.

Small-Force Measurement by Photo-Elastic Transducer

The use of stress-induced changes in a crystal of a monolithic solid-state laser by external force as a way for micro-force detection and measurement is described. In fact, the application of an unknown force on the resonator-amplifier crystal of a solid-state laser leads to a measurable change in the frequency of the beat note associated with the orthogonal polarisation components of the oscillating laser mode. Here we report our first measurements of the sensitivity of a photo-elastic force sensor, realised with a monolithic (4 × 4) mm plano-convex cylindrical crystal, and compare them with the results obtained by other authors for different configurations and dimensions of the laser sensor. The reported results are in a good mutual agreement but show notable discrepancies with theoretical predictions, especially for high sensitivities obtained when the dimensions of the laser sensor are small.

小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率研究

为了解小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086的育性恢复状况,评估恢复系人工定向改良对其恢复能力的效果,在不育生态区对以55份定向改良的恢复系和33份非改良恢复系(常规小麦)为父本配制的杂种一代的结实率进行了分析。结果表明,BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率变化范围为15.42%~140.34%和20.28%~119.07%(国际法),平均结实率分别为73.02%和72.21%,二者差异不显著,说明2份母本的育性恢复能力差异不显著。BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率主要分布于40%~110%和60%~100%间,BS1086杂种一代结实率分布更为集中。BS366和BS1086与改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为84.45%和78.97%,与非改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为53.97%和60.95%,改良父本的平均恢复力高于非改良父本,表明定向改良有利于提高恢复系的恢复力。BS366和BS1086与相同父本的杂种一代结实率差异在-41.66%~61.93%之间,表明相同父本对不同母本的育性恢复力存在差异。BS366和BS1086与相同改良父本的杂种一代中有61.82%的结实率差异分布于-10%~20%之间,与相同非改良父本的杂种一代中有51.52%的结实率差异在-30%~0%之间,表明同一改良父本对不同母本的育性恢复力差异小于非改良父本。BS366与14份父本、BS1086与7份父本的杂种一代结实率高于对照,其中父本14YH261、14YH551、SD036与2份母本杂种一代的结实率均高于对照,说明具有可用恢复力的父本不仅数量极少,而且对不同母本的恢复力存在较大差异。杂种一代主茎穗的平均结实率极显著大于分蘖穗。因此,建议对不同母本分别开展强恢复力的恢复系筛选,并以中选强恢复系为亲本进行定向改良,有效增加杂种一代结实率达对照水平的组合数量,为获得更多强优势杂交组合奠定基础。

光温敏两系不育系‘稆S’的选育与应用

[目的]选育优良的光温敏两系不育系,以提高其杂种后代的产量和品质。[方法]采用光温敏两系不育系‘RGD-7S’为母本与三系保持系‘中浙B’杂交,经5年9代的系谱法选育,育成不育性稳定、稻米品质优、异交特性好、株叶形态优良的光温敏两系不育系‘稆S’,并分析了其主要特征特性及杂种优势。[结果]‘稆S’不育性稳定,育性转换临界温度<23℃,稳定不育期127 d左右。该不育系制种产量高,异交特性好,柱头外露率78.62%,其中双边外露率39.74%。采用‘稆S’配组的高产、优质两系杂交稻组合‘稆两优质美’先后通过了福建省和海南省农作物品种审定。[结论]光温敏两系不育系‘稆S’不育性稳定,育性转换临界温度低,稻米品质优,配合力强,应用前景广泛。

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系开颖规律研究

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系的异交性能直接影响杂交小麦的制种产量,而开花习性是衡量不育系异交性能的重要指标。为了明确开颖率、开颖角度对不育系异交结实率的影响,本研究以15个不育系为材料,同时选取3个配合力好、制种性状优良的恢复系作为父本,分析了不育系在开花过程中开颖率和开颖角度的变化规律及其与异交结实率的相关性。结果表明,在开花过程中,不育系开颖率基本都呈先升后降的变化趋势,且中部和上部穗位开颖较早,但在盛花期,下部穗位开颖角度较大且开颖主要集中在中部穗位,开颖性状较好的不育系为BS278-2、BS185、BS126、BS163、BS136。相关性分析表明,开颖率与开颖小花异交结实率呈极显著正相关,开颖角度与异交结实率呈显著正相关。这说明开颖性状是影响不育系异交结实率的重要因素之一,选育开颖性状好的不育系对提高杂交小麦制种产量具有重要意义。

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系柱头外露规律研究

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系的开花习性影响其异交性能,进而影响杂交小麦制种产量。为了明确柱头外露对不育系异交结实的影响,以15个不育系为材料,同时选取3个配合力好、制种性状优良的恢复系作为父本,研究不育系从始花期开始连续10 d柱头外露率的变化规律及其与异交结实的相关性。结果表明,不育系在开花过程中柱头外露率基本呈先升后降的变化趋势。在盛花期,柱头外露主要集中在中部穗位。柱头外露性状较好的不育系为BS278-2、BS163、BS366、BS210。相关性分析结果表明,柱头外露率与柱头外露小花异交结实率呈极显著正相关。综上说明,柱头外露是影响不育系异交结实的重要因素之一,在制种时选择具有柱头外露性状的不育系可提升制种产量。以上研究结果为高异交光温敏不育系的选育提供了科学依据。

播种期对光温敏无雄穗系玉米花粉育性的影响

为确定光温敏无雄穗系玉米育性转换的生态因子,筛选不育特性稳定的两系材料,选择合适的播期进行制种,以光温敏无雄穗系I17、I478、Ptvt3和Ptvt2为材料,以自交系478、B73为对照,在湖南省浏阳市进行田间分期播种试验,对9个播期玉米的雄花育性、雄穗性状、生育期和产量性状等进行分析。结果表明:玉米光温敏无雄穗系育性转换的主要影响因子是苗期的日均高温;I17对环境敏感的时期在V2—V6期间;I478对环境敏感的时期在V2—V4期间;Ptvt3对环境敏感的时期在V2—V4期间;Ptvt2对环境敏感的时期在V2—V5期间;I17适合在播期1、8、9播种,进行自交制种,在第1—6播期播种,作为两系不育系进行杂交种子生产;I478适合在播期1、2、8播种,进行自交制种,在第5—7播期播种,作为两系不育系进行杂交种子生产;Ptvt3适合在播期1、8、9播种,进行自交制种,在第2—7播期播种,作为两系不育系进行杂交种子生产;Ptvt2适合在播期1和播期2播种,进行自交制种,在第3—7播期播种,作为两系不育系进行杂交种子生产。Ptvt3相比I17、I478和Ptvt2具有繁殖产量高、生育期长等优点,且不育特性稳定,适合作为两系不育系进行生产应用。

Identification of differentially expressed genes in photo-period sensitive genic male sterile rice by randomly amplified cDNAs using RAPD primers

The fertile and sterile young panicle representational populations were constructed by bulked sampling method using young panicles in the photo-period sensitive stage of fertility transformation.Two populations were analyzed using cDNA-RAPD. The results showed that: ( ⅰ ) bulked sampling method can be employed to analyze differentially expressed genes using cDNA-RAPD, taking an advantage in avoiding false positive caused by conventional sampling method. (ⅱ) Among 150 random primers used, 83 primers amplified the same banding patterns, and 34 primers amplified the same banding pattern but different staining of intensity on gel. ( ⅲ ) 33 primers amplified differential cDNA bands between fertile and sterile cDNA populations, and the ratio of polymorphism was 22%. It is concluded that there may exist a lot of genes relating to sterility, which makes the differentially expressed cDNA fragments complicated.

集成光伏转换与储能功能的光超级电容器研究进展

光超级电容器是一种将光伏转换装置与超级电容器相结合的集能源收集与存储于一体的设备,其双重功能使其在未来柔性可穿戴以及便携式设备上的应用具有巨大潜力。介绍了基于第三代太阳能电池的各类光超级电容器的发展历史和近几年来的相关代表性研究成果。阐述了构建性能更佳的光超级电容器所面临的问题和挑战,并给出了相应的措施及建议。最后对该领域未来的研究方向和机遇进行了展望。

Suppression of extension of the photo-sensitive area for a planar-type front-illuminated InGaAs detector by the LBIC technique

To suppress the extension of the photo-sensitive area of a planar-type InGaAs detector, the structure of the detector was modified, and the small-diffusion-area diffusion method, circle-type covering contact and guard-ring were introduced. The laser-beam-induced-current （LBIC） technique was used to study the photo responsive characteristics of the photo-sensitive area of different detector structures. It was indicated that, by modifying the size of the diffusion area, the width of the circle-type covering contact, the distance between the guard-ring and the photo-sensitive area and the working status of the guard-ring, extension of the photo-sensitive area could be effectively suppressed, and the detector photo-sensitive area could be exactly defined.

胶体CdSe量子点敏化TiO_(2)太阳能电池中光电转换行为研究

以NaSeH_(4)水溶液、Cd^(2+)水溶液及巯基乙酸为原料采用水热法制备了水溶性CdSe量子点(QDs),并直接敏化在TiO_(2)光阳极上用于量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSSC)。通过NaSeH_(4)的用量实现了CdSe QDs的尺寸调节和光谱响应范围调控。光伏性能分析表明尺寸约6nm的CdSe QDSSC效率达到2.26%,明显高于尺寸约4nm和10nm的CdSe QDSSC效率(分别为0.62%和1.39%)。光谱和阻抗分析表明合适的CdSe QDs尺寸能扩大光捕获效率并减少光阳极-电解液界面间的电荷复合,从而提高了光电转换效率。

水稻C815S及其同源株系的育性光温特性

对C815S及其同源株系通过12种人控光温组合处理、短日遮光处理以及分期播种试验,就其育性光温特性、发育感光性以及两者之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明,C815S及其同源株系不育起点温度低,均在23℃以下。在长沙自然长日条件下没有明显不育向可育的转换;在长沙短日条件下,育性出现轻微波动。其育性受光温双因子共同作用,且这种作用的程度与发育感光性强弱似乎存在密切联系。提出了光温敏不育系光温双因子互作量化的光温效应连动假设。这一假设能提供每一光长条件下与之对应的育性转换温度,对光温敏核不育系的选育、制种和繁殖具有实际指导意义。

光敏核不育水稻的基本特性与不同生态类型的适应性

作者根据光敏核不育水稻在生长发育过程中具有二个性质不同的光周期反应的基本特性,对当前14个主要的核不育水稻品系,进行了较全面的光温生态鉴定。其结果证明,农垦58S、双8-2S、31111S、N5047S、6334S、5-12S、鄂粳ⅡS、WD-1S、及W7415S等属于光敏核不育类群,而W6154S、W6184S、5460S、8801S、鄂籼IS等,则可能属于温敏核不育类群。与此同时,作者探讨了有关光敏核不育水稻品系光温生态分类的依据和项目:熟期、第一感光性(P_1)第一感温性(T_1)、第二感光性(P_2)、第二感温性(T_2)及其鉴定指标。比较了不同光温生态类型光敏核不育系的地理适应性。据此作者建议:①加速选育熟期早、第二感光性(P_2)强或中而第二感温性(T_2)弱的优良不育系;②把光温生态类型鉴定列为新不育系必要鉴定的项目之一。