Synthesis and Characterization of Nonionic Waterborne Polyurethane and Application to Wool Fabric Finishing

A nonionic waterborne polyurethane(WPU) was synthesized by the self-emulsification method using polyether diol(N220),isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI),trimethylolpropane poly(ethylene glycol monomethyl ether)(N120),1,4-butanediol(BDO) and trimethylolpropane(TMP) as the main materials.The effects of the NCO/OH ratio on the emulsion and film properties of NWPU were explored.The experimental results show that the NWPU prepared at an NCO/OH ratio of 1.1 has good emulsion stability and easy film formation,and the resultant film was elastic,soft,and transparent.The sample was used for wool finishing and the application performance was evaluated.When the NWPU dosage reached 40 g·L^(-1),the fabric area felt shrinkage rate reduced from 8.97% to 4.75%,the pilling rating raised from grade 2-3 to grade 4,and the whiteness value only decreased by 3.87%.

Influence of nonionic surfactant on the solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene

Phenanthrene was solubilized in two different nonionic surfactants, Tween80 and Triton X-100. The bioavailability of phenanthrene to the bacteria isolated from the petroleum contaminated soils was studied based on the rotary flasks experiments. The results showed that the concentration of nonionic surfactants above the critical micelle concentration(CMC) can increase the solubility of phenanthrene in water and were innoxious to the phenanthrene-degrading bacteria; phenanthrene solubilized in the micelles of Tween80 was bioavailable and biodegradable. The research demonstrated the potential of surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic compounds(HOCs).

Estimation and Prediction of Bioconcentration Factors of Nonionic Organic Chemicals in Fish by Electrotopological State Indices and Structural Parameter

Based on the characteristics of atom types, Hall＇s electrotopological state indices （En） are calculated for 165 nonionic organic compounds. On the basis of the characteristics of substituent and conjugated matrix, a novel molecular structure parameter （G） is defined and calculated for 165 molecules in this paper. En and G show good structural selectivity for organic molecules. G, a satisfactory relationship between bioconcentration factor （BCF） and En, is expressed as： 1gBCF = -0.283 ＋ 1.246G ＋ 0.079E42 ＋ 0.351E9- 0.063E17 （n＇ = 122, R = 0.967, F = 425.636, s = 0.394）, which could provide estimation and prediction for the lgBCF of nonionic organic chemicals. Furthermore, the model is examined to validate overall robustness with Jackknife tests, and the independent variables in model do not exist cross correlation with VIF. All these regression results show that the new parameter G and electrotopological state index have good rationality and efficiency. It is concluded that the En and G will be used widely in quantitative structure-property/activity relationship （QSPR/QSAR） research.

Effect of nonionic surfactants in release media on accelerated in-vitro release profile of sirolimus eluting stents with biodegradable polymeric coating

It is a well-known fact that sirolimus(SRL) undergoes degradation process via hydrolysis in aqueous media, leading to incorrect assessment of drug amount and thus release characteristics of formulations.The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nonionic surfactants in media on invitro release profiles for sirolimus eluting stents(SES) coated with biodegradable polymeric matrix.Phosphate buffer and acetate buffer incorporating nonionic surfactants with varying concentrations were examined for adequate solubility and stability(by RP-HPLC). Good sink condition was achieved in phosphate buffer(at pH 4.0) with 1.0% Tween 20, 1.0% Brij 35% and 0.5% Brij 58. Hydrodynamic size(by DLS) and the micelle-water partition coefficient(P) with standard free energy of solubilization(ΔGs°) of drug were evaluated to get some understanding about the solubilization phenomena. About 80% of drug release during the period of 48 h was achieved in optimized drug release media which was 1.0% Tween20 in phosphate buffer pH 4.0. The obtained accelerated SRL release profile in optimized medium correlated well with the real time in-vitro release in phosphate buffer(pH 7.4). Surface morphology changes(by SEM), changes in gravimetric weights and molecular weight change(by GPC) were examined before and after drug release to understand the drug release mechanism which explains that the polymer did not undergo degradation during the drug release.

Nonionic Polymerizable Emulsifier in High-Solids-Content Acrylate Emulsion Polymerization

Stable high-solids-content acrylate emulsion were obtained with a nonionic polymerizable emulsifier allyloxy nonylphenoxy poly （ethyleneoxy） （10） ether （ANPEO10）, and a conventional emulsifier OP-10 as a reference sample. 1H NMR proves that the polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 has been incorporated into the resulted acrylate polymers. TEM demonstrates that there are some differences in the particle morphologies. AFM proves that the polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 migrating to the surface of the emulsion film was much less than the conventional emulsifier OP-10. The polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 can enhance the adhesion with glass plate compared to the conventional emulsifier. Furthermore, with increasing amount of emulsifier, the surface free energy of the films first decreased and then increased, and the adhesion with glass plate is initially enhanced and then attenuated. The water-resistance and solvent-resistance of the films prepared by the polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 are superior to those prepared by the conventional emulsifier OP-10.

CALORIMETRIC STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF MICROEMULSION WITH NONIONIC SURFACTANT

Enthalpic studies on the state of water in hex-adecane/hexanol/ AEO8/water system have been conducted. The results show that water exists in three states such as bound water,trap water and free water. The enthalpic effect of condition that water to oil ratio is in the abnormal rheology region, the negative thixotropy of the system is directly proportional to the enthalpy.

Synthesis of Nonionic Oligomeric Manganese(Ⅱ) Complexes and Investigation of Their Toxicity andΤ_1-Relaxation Enhancement

Six nonionic oligomeric manganese （ Ⅱ ） complexes with oligomeric phosphate-polyglycol-EDTA ester ligands were synthesized and characterized. The longitudinal relaxivities of these complexes were measured. One of these complexes, which showed the highest relaxivity, was chosen to be used in the acute toxicity test and the T1-weighted imaging experiment. It has been found that compared to Gd-DTPA, this nonionic oligomeric Mn（ Ⅱ ） complex exhibits no acute toxicity, generates highly enhanced MRI signals and increases the intention time in the rat liver tissue.

Studies on the Cloud Points of Nonionic Surfactants with QSPR

With quantum chemical parameters, topological indexes, and physical chemistry parameters as descriptors, a quantitative structure-property relationship（QSPR） has been found for the cloud points of four series of nonionic surfactants（ a total of 65 surfactants）. The best-regressed model includes six descriptors, and the correlation coefficient of multiple determination is as high as 0. 962.

Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship on Prediction of Surface Tension of Nonionic Surfactants

A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) study has been made for the prediction of the surface tension of nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution. The regressed model includes a topological descriptor, the Kier & Hall index of zero order (KH0) of the hydrophobic segment of surfactant and a quantum chemical one, the heat of formation (fHD) of surfactant molecules. The established general QSPR between the surface tension and the descriptors produces a correlation coefficient of multiple determination, 2r=0.9877, for 30 studied nonionic surfactants.

Formation of macroporous gel morphology by phase separation in the silica sol-gel system containing nonionic surfactant

The phase separation and gel formation behavior in an alkoxy-derived silica sol-gel system containing C16EO15 has been investigated. Various gel morphologies similar to other sol-gel systems containing organic additives were obtained by changing the preparation conditions. Micrometer-range interconnected porous gels were obtained by freezing transitional structures of phase separation in the sol-gel process. The dependence of the resulting gel morphology on several important reaction parameters such as the starting composition, reaction temperature and acid catalyst concentration was studied in detail. The experimental results indicate that the gel morphology is mainly determined by the time relation between the onset of phase separation and gel formation.

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles by Bis-(Acetylacetonato)-Copper (II) Using Nonionic Surfactants and the Effect of Their Structures on Nanoparticles Size and Yield

Between all precursors of copper complex, bis-(acetylacetonato)-copper (II) and bis-oxalate copper (II) with very close structures are two of the best representatives for copper nanoparticles synthesis. In this research, only bis-(acetylacetonato)-copper (II) in presence of some effective non-ionic surfactants such as Triton X-100, Dodecylamine, Tween 80 and also triphenylphosphine as a reducing agent via thermal decomposition process was used for copper nanopaticles synthesis. Two shif-base E19 and E22 complexes were also used for the investigation of these kinds of shif-base complexes capabilities by this method as precursors and all results were compared with each other. Between all surfactants, Triton X-100 gave the best yield with the largest grains. The techniques used for characterization of copper nanoparticles were TEM, EDX, FT-IR and XRD. TG-DTA and CV were used for characterization of bis-(acetylacetonato)-copper (II) complex.

Synthesis and Surface Activity of Cashew-Based Anion-Nonionic Surfactants

Four novel anion-nonionic surfactants were synthesized using cashew phenol as raw material. The four structures were characterized by IR and elemental analysis. Their surface activities were investigated. Their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) are 9.30 × 10 –3 mol/L, 8.50 × 10–3 mol/L, 8.10 × 10–3 mol/L and 7.71 ×–3 mol/L respectively, and the corresponding surface tensions at CMC are 28.38 mN/m, 28.60 mN/m, 30.40 mN/m and 30.00 mN/m respectively. The contact angles of the solutions on sheet galsses were measured to observe their surface wettabilities. The effects of their concentrations, the concentrations of NaCl and temperature on their foaming capacity and foam stability were studied.

Interaction of nonionic surfactant AEO_9 with ionic surfactants

The interaction in two mixtures of a nonionic surfactant AEO9 (C12H25O(CH2CH2O)9H) and different ionic surfactants was investigated. The two mixtures were AEO9/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and AEO9/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at molar fraction of AEO9, A EO9 α =0.5. The surface properties of the surfactants, critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reduction (γCMC), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax) and minimum area per molecule at the air/solution interface (Amin) were determined for both individual surfactants and their mixtures. The significant deviations from ideal behavior (attractive interactions) of the nonionic/ionic surfactant mixtures were determined. Mixtures of both AEO9/SDS and AEO9/CTAB exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction efficiency and mixed micelle formation, but neither exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness.

非离子及两性型碳氢表面活性剂对全氟辛酸在土壤中迁移的影响

碳氟型表面活性剂全氟辛酸(Perfuorooctanoic Acid,PFOA)的大量使用导致其与各类碳氢表面活性剂广泛共存于土壤-地下水环境中,对人体健康和生态安全存在潜在威胁.通过柱实验探究不同离子强度条件下(1.5 mmol·L^(-1)和30mmol·L^(-1)),非离子型碳氢表面活性剂烷基糖苷(Alkyl Polyglycoside,APG)及两性型碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(Dodecyl Dimethyl Betaine,BS-12)对PFOA在两种饱和土壤中迁移行为的影响和作用机制.结果表明,APG能促进PFOA的迁移行为,其主控机制为APG与PFOA在土壤表面的竞争吸附作用;BS-12能通过对土壤表面负电荷的中和作用及疏水作用增强PFOA在土壤中的阻滞,抑制其迁移行为.因此,预测和评估PFOA在土壤中的迁移行为时,需考虑共存碳氢表面活性剂的影响.

Nonionic surfactant vesicular systems for effective drug delivery—an overview

Vesicular systems are a novel means of drug delivery that can enhance bioavailability of encapsulated drug and provide therapeutic activity in a controlled manner for a prolonged period of time.Liposomes were the first such system but they suffer from a number of drawbacks including high cost and lack of stability at various pHs.Niosomes are a nonionic surfactant vesicular system,which can be easily and reliably made in the laboratory.Many factors affect noisome formation such as the method of manufacture,nature of surfactant and encapsulated drug,temperature at which the lipids are hydrated and the critical packing parameter.This review describes all aspects of niosomes including their different compositions,the various methods of preparation,the effect of changing manufacturing parameters,methods of characterization,factors that affect their stability,their use by various routes of administration,their therapeutic applications and the most important patents.The review also provides detailed information of the various types of niosomes that provide effective drug delivery.

脂肪醇嵌段聚醚硫酸盐的合成与性能

以脂肪醇嵌段聚醚即一种脂肪醇聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚、氨基磺酸为原料,尿素为催化剂,合成了硫酸酯盐延展型阴-非离子表面活性剂,采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,采用浊度法、滴体积法、分水时间法、分散指数法对其低温溶解性能、表面性能、乳化性能、分散性能进行了测定。采用单因素实验法,研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、原料配比等因素对产物中活性物含量的影响,并确定了最佳合成反应条件。结果表明,在反应温度100℃、反应时间3 h、催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1%、n(嵌段聚醚)∶n(氨基磺酸)=1∶1.5条件下,产物中活性物含量达到96.49%。

Catalytic Spectrophotometric Determination of Ultratrace Amounts of Silver with Solubilizing Effect of Nonionic Surfactant

The synthesis and analytical properties of 4,4'-bis(antipyrinyl-4-diazoamino)biphenyl (BAPDAB) were described for the first time. A catalytic kinetic method for thedetermination of silver was proposed. In the presence of Triton X-100 as a solubilizing agent and2,2'-dipyridyl as an activator, silver has a very strong catalytic effect on oxidative decolorationof BAPDAB by persulfate in acetic acid medium. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically bymeasuring the decrease of absorbance of BAPDAB at 478 nm and 50 ℃. The calibration graphs are ofgood linearity in the range of 8.0 * 10^(-10)-1.0 * 10^(-6) mol/L by a fixed time method. The limitof detection is down to 5.0 * 10^(-10) mol/L. The catalytic reaction is pseudo-first-order withrespect to silver, which in real samples was determined with satisfactory results.

心脑血管病患者CT增强检查中非离子型碘对比剂相关急性不良反应预测模型的构建

目的探究心脑血管病患者CT增强检查中非离子型碘对比剂相关急性不良反应(ICM-AARs)预测模型构建的价值。方法选取2023年1月~2023年5月期间于四川大学华西医院进行CT增强检查的心脑血管病患者2031例,统计ICM注射后1h内AARs的发生情况,从2031例患者中选取符合纳入标准的未发生AARs的患者174例,纳入未发生ICM-AARs组,发生AARs的患者58例纳入ICM-AARs组,收集并比较两组患者临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析明确导致心脑血管病患者CT增强检查中发生AARs的危险因素。应用独立危险因素构建列线图预测模型,并采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、Bootstrap法验及Calibration曲线对模型进行评价。结果2031例心脑血管病患者进行CT增强检查中发生ICM-AARs 58例,ICM-AARs发生率为2.86%;ICM-AARs组有过敏史、检查前未水化、未外预热、注射速率≥3.5mL/s、静脉注射及使用碘普罗胺的人数占比均高于未发生ICM-AARs组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,有过敏史、检查前未水化、未外预热、注射速率≥3.5mL/s、静脉注射及使用碘普罗胺是影响CT增强检查发生ICM-AARs的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,预测模型曲线下面积(AUC)为0.765(95%CI:0.706~818),灵敏度89.66%、特异度81.03%、约登指数0.706;Bootstrap法验证结果显示,C-index值为0.779(95%CI:0.713~0.861);Calibration曲线结果显示,Hosmer-Lemeshowχ^(2)=0.708,P=0.295。结论有过敏史、检查前未水化、未外预热、注射速率≥3.5mL/s、静脉注射及碘普罗胺均为心脑血管病患者CT增强检查中发生ICMAARs的独立危险因素,上述因素构建的列线图预测模型对ICM-AARs具有较高的预测效能。

Synergetic effect of chelating agent and nonionic surfactant for benzotriazole removal on post Cu-CMP cleaning

The cleaning of copper interconnects after chemical mechanical planarization （CMP） process is a crit- ical step in integrated circuits （ICs） fabrication. Benzotriazole （BTA）, which is used as corrosion inhibitor in the copper CMP slurry, is the primary source for the formation of organic contaminants. The presence of BTA can degrade the electrical properties and reliability of ICs which needs to be removed by using an effective cleaning solution. In this paper, an alkaline cleaning solution was proposed. The alkaline cleaning solution studied in this work consists of a chelating agent and a nonionic surfactant. The removal of BTA was characterized by contact angle measurements and potentiodynamic polarization studies. The cleaning properties of the proposed cleaning solution on a 300 mm copper patterned wafer were also quantified, total defect counts after cleaning was studied, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） review was used to identify types of BTA to confirm the ability of cleaning solution for BTA removal. All the results reveal that the chelating agent can effectively remove the BTA residual, nonionic surfactant can further improve the performance.

Effect of H_2O_2 and nonionic surfactant in alkaline copper slurry

For improving the polishing performance, in this article, the roles of a nonionic surfactant（Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether） and H2O2 were investigated in the chemical mechanical planarization process, respectively.Firstly, the effects of the nonionic surfactant on the within-wafer non-uniformity（WIWNU） and the surface roughness were mainly analyzed. In addition, the passivation ability of the slurry, which had no addition of BTA, was also discussed from the viewpoint of the static etch rate, electrochemical curve and residual step height under different concentrations of H2O2. The experimental results distinctly revealed that the nonionic surfactant introduced in the slurry improved the WIWNU and surface roughness, and that a 2 vol% was considered as an appropriate concentration relatively. When the concentration of H2O2 surpasses 3 vol%, the slurry will possess a relatively preferable passivation ability, which can effectively decrease the step height and contribute to acquiring a flat and smooth surface. Hence, based on the result of these experiments, the influences of the nonionic surfactant and H2O2 are further understood, which means the properties of slurry can be improved.