Synthesis and Characterization of Nonionic Waterborne Polyurethane and Application to Wool Fabric Finishing

A nonionic waterborne polyurethane(WPU) was synthesized by the self-emulsification method using polyether diol(N220),isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI),trimethylolpropane poly(ethylene glycol monomethyl ether)(N120),1,4-butanediol(BDO) and trimethylolpropane(TMP) as the main materials.The effects of the NCO/OH ratio on the emulsion and film properties of NWPU were explored.The experimental results show that the NWPU prepared at an NCO/OH ratio of 1.1 has good emulsion stability and easy film formation,and the resultant film was elastic,soft,and transparent.The sample was used for wool finishing and the application performance was evaluated.When the NWPU dosage reached 40 g·L^(-1),the fabric area felt shrinkage rate reduced from 8.97% to 4.75%,the pilling rating raised from grade 2-3 to grade 4,and the whiteness value only decreased by 3.87%.

Influence of nonionic surfactant on the solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene

Phenanthrene was solubilized in two different nonionic surfactants, Tween80 and Triton X-100. The bioavailability of phenanthrene to the bacteria isolated from the petroleum contaminated soils was studied based on the rotary flasks experiments. The results showed that the concentration of nonionic surfactants above the critical micelle concentration(CMC) can increase the solubility of phenanthrene in water and were innoxious to the phenanthrene-degrading bacteria; phenanthrene solubilized in the micelles of Tween80 was bioavailable and biodegradable. The research demonstrated the potential of surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic compounds(HOCs).

Estimation and Prediction of Bioconcentration Factors of Nonionic Organic Chemicals in Fish by Electrotopological State Indices and Structural Parameter

Based on the characteristics of atom types, Hall＇s electrotopological state indices （En） are calculated for 165 nonionic organic compounds. On the basis of the characteristics of substituent and conjugated matrix, a novel molecular structure parameter （G） is defined and calculated for 165 molecules in this paper. En and G show good structural selectivity for organic molecules. G, a satisfactory relationship between bioconcentration factor （BCF） and En, is expressed as： 1gBCF = -0.283 ＋ 1.246G ＋ 0.079E42 ＋ 0.351E9- 0.063E17 （n＇ = 122, R = 0.967, F = 425.636, s = 0.394）, which could provide estimation and prediction for the lgBCF of nonionic organic chemicals. Furthermore, the model is examined to validate overall robustness with Jackknife tests, and the independent variables in model do not exist cross correlation with VIF. All these regression results show that the new parameter G and electrotopological state index have good rationality and efficiency. It is concluded that the En and G will be used widely in quantitative structure-property/activity relationship （QSPR/QSAR） research.

Effect of nonionic surfactants in release media on accelerated in-vitro release profile of sirolimus eluting stents with biodegradable polymeric coating

It is a well-known fact that sirolimus(SRL) undergoes degradation process via hydrolysis in aqueous media, leading to incorrect assessment of drug amount and thus release characteristics of formulations.The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nonionic surfactants in media on invitro release profiles for sirolimus eluting stents(SES) coated with biodegradable polymeric matrix.Phosphate buffer and acetate buffer incorporating nonionic surfactants with varying concentrations were examined for adequate solubility and stability(by RP-HPLC). Good sink condition was achieved in phosphate buffer(at pH 4.0) with 1.0% Tween 20, 1.0% Brij 35% and 0.5% Brij 58. Hydrodynamic size(by DLS) and the micelle-water partition coefficient(P) with standard free energy of solubilization(ΔGs°) of drug were evaluated to get some understanding about the solubilization phenomena. About 80% of drug release during the period of 48 h was achieved in optimized drug release media which was 1.0% Tween20 in phosphate buffer pH 4.0. The obtained accelerated SRL release profile in optimized medium correlated well with the real time in-vitro release in phosphate buffer(pH 7.4). Surface morphology changes(by SEM), changes in gravimetric weights and molecular weight change(by GPC) were examined before and after drug release to understand the drug release mechanism which explains that the polymer did not undergo degradation during the drug release.

Nonionic Polymerizable Emulsifier in High-Solids-Content Acrylate Emulsion Polymerization

Stable high-solids-content acrylate emulsion were obtained with a nonionic polymerizable emulsifier allyloxy nonylphenoxy poly （ethyleneoxy） （10） ether （ANPEO10）, and a conventional emulsifier OP-10 as a reference sample. 1H NMR proves that the polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 has been incorporated into the resulted acrylate polymers. TEM demonstrates that there are some differences in the particle morphologies. AFM proves that the polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 migrating to the surface of the emulsion film was much less than the conventional emulsifier OP-10. The polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 can enhance the adhesion with glass plate compared to the conventional emulsifier. Furthermore, with increasing amount of emulsifier, the surface free energy of the films first decreased and then increased, and the adhesion with glass plate is initially enhanced and then attenuated. The water-resistance and solvent-resistance of the films prepared by the polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 are superior to those prepared by the conventional emulsifier OP-10.

Interaction of nonionic surfactant AEO_9 with ionic surfactants

The interaction in two mixtures of a nonionic surfactant AEO9 (C12H25O(CH2CH2O)9H) and different ionic surfactants was investigated. The two mixtures were AEO9/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and AEO9/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at molar fraction of AEO9, A EO9 α =0.5. The surface properties of the surfactants, critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reduction (γCMC), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax) and minimum area per molecule at the air/solution interface (Amin) were determined for both individual surfactants and their mixtures. The significant deviations from ideal behavior (attractive interactions) of the nonionic/ionic surfactant mixtures were determined. Mixtures of both AEO9/SDS and AEO9/CTAB exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction efficiency and mixed micelle formation, but neither exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness.

CALORIMETRIC STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF MICROEMULSION WITH NONIONIC SURFACTANT

Enthalpic studies on the state of water in hex-adecane/hexanol/ AEO8/water system have been conducted. The results show that water exists in three states such as bound water,trap water and free water. The enthalpic effect of condition that water to oil ratio is in the abnormal rheology region, the negative thixotropy of the system is directly proportional to the enthalpy.

Studies on the Cloud Points of Nonionic Surfactants with QSPR

With quantum chemical parameters, topological indexes, and physical chemistry parameters as descriptors, a quantitative structure-property relationship（QSPR） has been found for the cloud points of four series of nonionic surfactants（ a total of 65 surfactants）. The best-regressed model includes six descriptors, and the correlation coefficient of multiple determination is as high as 0. 962.

Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship on Prediction of Surface Tension of Nonionic Surfactants

A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) study has been made for the prediction of the surface tension of nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution. The regressed model includes a topological descriptor, the Kier & Hall index of zero order (KH0) of the hydrophobic segment of surfactant and a quantum chemical one, the heat of formation (fHD) of surfactant molecules. The established general QSPR between the surface tension and the descriptors produces a correlation coefficient of multiple determination, 2r=0.9877, for 30 studied nonionic surfactants.

Formation of macroporous gel morphology by phase separation in the silica sol-gel system containing nonionic surfactant

The phase separation and gel formation behavior in an alkoxy-derived silica sol-gel system containing C16EO15 has been investigated. Various gel morphologies similar to other sol-gel systems containing organic additives were obtained by changing the preparation conditions. Micrometer-range interconnected porous gels were obtained by freezing transitional structures of phase separation in the sol-gel process. The dependence of the resulting gel morphology on several important reaction parameters such as the starting composition, reaction temperature and acid catalyst concentration was studied in detail. The experimental results indicate that the gel morphology is mainly determined by the time relation between the onset of phase separation and gel formation.

Synthesis of Nonionic Oligomeric Manganese(Ⅱ) Complexes and Investigation of Their Toxicity andΤ_1-Relaxation Enhancement

Six nonionic oligomeric manganese （ Ⅱ ） complexes with oligomeric phosphate-polyglycol-EDTA ester ligands were synthesized and characterized. The longitudinal relaxivities of these complexes were measured. One of these complexes, which showed the highest relaxivity, was chosen to be used in the acute toxicity test and the T1-weighted imaging experiment. It has been found that compared to Gd-DTPA, this nonionic oligomeric Mn（ Ⅱ ） complex exhibits no acute toxicity, generates highly enhanced MRI signals and increases the intention time in the rat liver tissue.

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles by Bis-(Acetylacetonato)-Copper (II) Using Nonionic Surfactants and the Effect of Their Structures on Nanoparticles Size and Yield

Between all precursors of copper complex, bis-(acetylacetonato)-copper (II) and bis-oxalate copper (II) with very close structures are two of the best representatives for copper nanoparticles synthesis. In this research, only bis-(acetylacetonato)-copper (II) in presence of some effective non-ionic surfactants such as Triton X-100, Dodecylamine, Tween 80 and also triphenylphosphine as a reducing agent via thermal decomposition process was used for copper nanopaticles synthesis. Two shif-base E19 and E22 complexes were also used for the investigation of these kinds of shif-base complexes capabilities by this method as precursors and all results were compared with each other. Between all surfactants, Triton X-100 gave the best yield with the largest grains. The techniques used for characterization of copper nanoparticles were TEM, EDX, FT-IR and XRD. TG-DTA and CV were used for characterization of bis-(acetylacetonato)-copper (II) complex.

Synthesis and Surface Activity of Cashew-Based Anion-Nonionic Surfactants

Four novel anion-nonionic surfactants were synthesized using cashew phenol as raw material. The four structures were characterized by IR and elemental analysis. Their surface activities were investigated. Their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) are 9.30 × 10 –3 mol/L, 8.50 × 10–3 mol/L, 8.10 × 10–3 mol/L and 7.71 ×–3 mol/L respectively, and the corresponding surface tensions at CMC are 28.38 mN/m, 28.60 mN/m, 30.40 mN/m and 30.00 mN/m respectively. The contact angles of the solutions on sheet galsses were measured to observe their surface wettabilities. The effects of their concentrations, the concentrations of NaCl and temperature on their foaming capacity and foam stability were studied.

非离子及两性型碳氢表面活性剂对全氟辛酸在土壤中迁移的影响

碳氟型表面活性剂全氟辛酸(Perfuorooctanoic Acid,PFOA)的大量使用导致其与各类碳氢表面活性剂广泛共存于土壤-地下水环境中,对人体健康和生态安全存在潜在威胁.通过柱实验探究不同离子强度条件下(1.5 mmol·L^(-1)和30mmol·L^(-1)),非离子型碳氢表面活性剂烷基糖苷(Alkyl Polyglycoside,APG)及两性型碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(Dodecyl Dimethyl Betaine,BS-12)对PFOA在两种饱和土壤中迁移行为的影响和作用机制.结果表明,APG能促进PFOA的迁移行为,其主控机制为APG与PFOA在土壤表面的竞争吸附作用;BS-12能通过对土壤表面负电荷的中和作用及疏水作用增强PFOA在土壤中的阻滞,抑制其迁移行为.因此,预测和评估PFOA在土壤中的迁移行为时,需考虑共存碳氢表面活性剂的影响.

琥珀酸衍生物类非离子型表面活性剂的合成及性能评价

利用N-十二烷基琥珀酸酐、L-亮氨酸和聚醚醇为原料合成了两种非离子型表面活性剂,并通过核磁共振氢谱验证了分子结构;通过表面张力仪分别测试了两种非离子型表面活性剂在不同浓度下的表面张力,并根据γ-lgc曲线确定了临界胶束浓度;通过析水率研究了表面活性剂的乳化性能;使用分子动力学模拟技术,研究了表面活性剂在油水界面处的聚集形态以及与油和水之间的作用。结果表明,与表面活性剂1相比,表面活性剂2含更多的非离子亲水组分,因此降低表面张力效果更好;表面活性剂1及表面活性剂2的临界表面张力(γ_(CMC))分别为25.54、24.46 mN/m;在低浓度下,两种非离子型表面活性剂均具有较高的析水率,乳化效果不佳,但在高浓度下乳化效果较好,采用两种非离子型表面活性剂制备的乳液均具有一定的稳定性;表面活性剂分子的静电势分布影响了其亲水和亲油的性质。

脂肪醇嵌段聚醚硫酸盐的合成与性能

以脂肪醇嵌段聚醚即一种脂肪醇聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚、氨基磺酸为原料,尿素为催化剂,合成了硫酸酯盐延展型阴-非离子表面活性剂,采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,采用浊度法、滴体积法、分水时间法、分散指数法对其低温溶解性能、表面性能、乳化性能、分散性能进行了测定。采用单因素实验法,研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、原料配比等因素对产物中活性物含量的影响,并确定了最佳合成反应条件。结果表明,在反应温度100℃、反应时间3 h、催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1%、n(嵌段聚醚)∶n(氨基磺酸)=1∶1.5条件下,产物中活性物含量达到96.49%。

不同离子浓度和温度对北方马口鱼精子活力的影响

为了解中国北方马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)精子的生理特征并提高其人工繁殖受精率,以精子快速运动时间(fast movement time,FT)、寿命(life span,LT)和激活率(activation rate,AR)作为精子活力的评价指标,通过显微观察法,检测了用不同浓度的Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、葡萄糖、Tris、甘油精子激活液及水温等处理对马口鱼精子活力的影响。结果表明:单因子精子激活液中,马口鱼在浓度为34 mmol/L Na^(+)、40 mmol/L K^(+)、17 mmol/L葡萄糖、温度为20℃条件下,精子快速运动时间、寿命均最高;当Tris缓冲剂浓度为33 mmol/L时,精子快速运动时间达到最大值,当Tris缓冲剂浓度为0 mmol/L时,其精子寿命最长,而在Ca^(2+)和甘油溶液中,精子快速运动时间和寿命均小于对照组(0 mmol/L),其对马口鱼精子活力具有抑制作用;在复合因子精子激活液中,马口鱼精子在激活液B(34 mmol/L Na^(+)+40 mmol/L K^(+),二者体积比为1∶1)中的快速运动时间、寿命均最高,精子活力最强。研究表明,适宜浓度的Na^(+)、K^(+)、葡萄糖和Tris因子对马口鱼精子活力有增强效果,马口鱼精子存活的适宜温度为17~25℃;在进行北方马口鱼人工授精时,可使用激活液B(34 mmol/L Na^(+)+40 mmol/L K^(+),二者体积比为1∶1)来提高其精子活力。

心脑血管病患者CT增强检查中非离子型碘对比剂相关急性不良反应预测模型的构建

目的探究心脑血管病患者CT增强检查中非离子型碘对比剂相关急性不良反应(ICM-AARs)预测模型构建的价值。方法选取2023年1月~2023年5月期间于四川大学华西医院进行CT增强检查的心脑血管病患者2031例,统计ICM注射后1h内AARs的发生情况,从2031例患者中选取符合纳入标准的未发生AARs的患者174例,纳入未发生ICM-AARs组,发生AARs的患者58例纳入ICM-AARs组,收集并比较两组患者临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析明确导致心脑血管病患者CT增强检查中发生AARs的危险因素。应用独立危险因素构建列线图预测模型,并采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、Bootstrap法验及Calibration曲线对模型进行评价。结果2031例心脑血管病患者进行CT增强检查中发生ICM-AARs 58例,ICM-AARs发生率为2.86%;ICM-AARs组有过敏史、检查前未水化、未外预热、注射速率≥3.5mL/s、静脉注射及使用碘普罗胺的人数占比均高于未发生ICM-AARs组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,有过敏史、检查前未水化、未外预热、注射速率≥3.5mL/s、静脉注射及使用碘普罗胺是影响CT增强检查发生ICM-AARs的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,预测模型曲线下面积(AUC)为0.765(95%CI:0.706~818),灵敏度89.66%、特异度81.03%、约登指数0.706;Bootstrap法验证结果显示,C-index值为0.779(95%CI:0.713~0.861);Calibration曲线结果显示,Hosmer-Lemeshowχ^(2)=0.708,P=0.295。结论有过敏史、检查前未水化、未外预热、注射速率≥3.5mL/s、静脉注射及碘普罗胺均为心脑血管病患者CT增强检查中发生ICMAARs的独立危险因素,上述因素构建的列线图预测模型对ICM-AARs具有较高的预测效能。

非离子表面活性剂在芘污染黄土上的吸附及其影响因素

表面活性剂(SAA)在土壤上的吸附会降低SAA对有机污染土壤的淋洗修复效率。多环芳烃(PAHs)的存在对黄土吸附非离子SAA的影响还鲜见报道。采用土柱淋溶模拟实验法,研究了芘(PYR)对黄土吸附聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(TX 100)和聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(TW 80)的影响,并探究了溶液pH和离子强度对吸附的影响。结果表明:PYR的存在提高了黄土对TX 100和TW 80的吸附量,分别由不含PYR的50.70 mg/kg和32.06 mg/kg增加到含PYR的54.47 mg/kg和44.53 mg/kg;溶液pH对黄土吸附非离子SAA有明显影响,吸附量随pH值增加而缓慢降低;在所研究的离子强度范围内,NaCl浓度对黄土吸附非离子SAA的行为没有产生明显影响。吸附动力学拟合参数表明,准二级吸附动力学方程能较好地描述TX 100和TW 80在黄土上的吸附行为。解吸结果表明,吸附在黄土上的TX 100和TW 80均不牢固,用去离子水淋洗后,可去除大部分吸附在土壤上的SAA,在PYR存在的土壤中,TX 100和TW 80的残留量分别为1.57 mg/kg和0.65 mg/kg,在没有PYR存在的土壤中,二者的残留量分别为0.69 mg/kg和0.46 mg/kg,表明土壤中存在的PYR可提高TX 100和TW 80在黄土上的残留量,但影响并不明显。基于以上结果得出PYR的存在虽然增加了非离子SAA在黄土上的吸附和残留量,但由于SAA在土壤中的最终残留量较低,其造成的土壤二次污染不明显,因此,选用非离子SAA淋洗液修复疏水有机土壤的技术是可行的。

非离子-阴离子Bola型表面活性剂和纳米SiO2颗粒协同稳定的双重响应型O/W乳状液

合成了一种非离子-阴离子Bola型智能表面活性剂,通过pH-响应可以在非离子型CH_(3)O(EO)_(5)-R_(11)-COOH(pHpKa)之间转换。单独使用时,非离子型和Bola型分别表现为不良乳化剂和优良乳化剂。与纳米SiO_(2)颗粒复配使用时,非离子型能与SiO_(2)颗粒协同稳定O/W(正癸烷)型Pickering乳状液,其中表面活性剂通过氢键作用吸附到颗粒表面产生原位疏水化作用,提高了颗粒的表面活性,并且这种Pickering乳状液具有pH-和温度-双重响应性,能够通过改变pH或者温度使乳状液在稳定和破乳之间实现多次转换。另一方面,Bola型CH_(3)O(EO)5-R_(11)-COONa能够与纳米SiO_(2)颗粒协同稳定分散液包油(oil-in-dispersion)乳状液,该乳状液具有良好的耐温性,但对调节pH时产生的盐较为敏感。然而与破乳后能完全返回水相便于回收再利用的同系物CH_(3)O(EO)7-R_(11)-COOH相比,具有较短EO链的CH_(3)O(EO)_(5)-R_(11)-COOH无论处于非离子型还是Bola型状态仍具有相当的油溶性,破乳后不能完全返回水相,表明EO数大小对这类新型智能表面活性剂的性能有显著的影响。