Synthesis and Characterization of Nonionic Waterborne Polyurethane and Application to Wool Fabric Finishing

A nonionic waterborne polyurethane(WPU) was synthesized by the self-emulsification method using polyether diol(N220),isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI),trimethylolpropane poly(ethylene glycol monomethyl ether)(N120),1,4-butanediol(BDO) and trimethylolpropane(TMP) as the main materials.The effects of the NCO/OH ratio on the emulsion and film properties of NWPU were explored.The experimental results show that the NWPU prepared at an NCO/OH ratio of 1.1 has good emulsion stability and easy film formation,and the resultant film was elastic,soft,and transparent.The sample was used for wool finishing and the application performance was evaluated.When the NWPU dosage reached 40 g·L^(-1),the fabric area felt shrinkage rate reduced from 8.97% to 4.75%,the pilling rating raised from grade 2-3 to grade 4,and the whiteness value only decreased by 3.87%.

Effects of electron radiation on shielded space triple-junction GaAs solar cells

The displacement damage dose methodology for analysing and modelling the performance of triple-junction InGaP2/GaAs/Ge solar cells in an electron radiation environment is presented. Degradations at different electron energies are correlated with displacement damage dose （Dd）. One particular electron radiation environment, relative to a geosynchronous earth orbit （GEO）, is chosen to calculate the total Dd behind the different thicknesses coverglasses to predict the performance degradation at the end of the 15-year mission.

Influence of nonionic surfactant on the solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene

Phenanthrene was solubilized in two different nonionic surfactants, Tween80 and Triton X-100. The bioavailability of phenanthrene to the bacteria isolated from the petroleum contaminated soils was studied based on the rotary flasks experiments. The results showed that the concentration of nonionic surfactants above the critical micelle concentration(CMC) can increase the solubility of phenanthrene in water and were innoxious to the phenanthrene-degrading bacteria; phenanthrene solubilized in the micelles of Tween80 was bioavailable and biodegradable. The research demonstrated the potential of surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic compounds(HOCs).

Sorption of Triton X-100 on soil organic matter fractions:Kinetics and isotherms

Kinetics and isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil,base-extracted soil（BE）,humic acid（HA） and humin（HM） were investigated respectively to get better understanding on characteristics of the surfactant sorption onto different soil organic matters（SOMs）.It was demonstrated that the kinetics results could be satisfactorily described by the pseudo-second order model.The half of the time to reach equilibrium（t1/2） for different sorbents followed the sequence of soil 〉 HA 〉 BE 〉 HM.Furthermore,the calculated equilibrium sorption capacity（Ceq） was found in the sequence of HA 〉 BE 〉 HM 〉 soil,which agreed well with the experimental results.The isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil and HA could be well described by the S-type isotherm,but BE and HM by the L-type.The isotherms of all the four sorbents were found reasonably fitted to the Langmuir equation.The Kd value,defined as the ratio of Triton X-100 in sorbent and in the equilibrium solution for given concentrations,generally followed the order of HM 〉 HA 〉 soil 〉 BE.Separated HM and HA showed high affnity for Triton X-100,but the HA and HM in soil and BE were tightly bounded by the minerals.Thus,the HA on the soil surface might dominate the sorption,whereas the bounded HM would play a key role upon the surfactants being penetrated inside the soil.

Estimation and Prediction of Bioconcentration Factors of Nonionic Organic Chemicals in Fish by Electrotopological State Indices and Structural Parameter

Based on the characteristics of atom types, Hall＇s electrotopological state indices （En） are calculated for 165 nonionic organic compounds. On the basis of the characteristics of substituent and conjugated matrix, a novel molecular structure parameter （G） is defined and calculated for 165 molecules in this paper. En and G show good structural selectivity for organic molecules. G, a satisfactory relationship between bioconcentration factor （BCF） and En, is expressed as： 1gBCF = -0.283 ＋ 1.246G ＋ 0.079E42 ＋ 0.351E9- 0.063E17 （n＇ = 122, R = 0.967, F = 425.636, s = 0.394）, which could provide estimation and prediction for the lgBCF of nonionic organic chemicals. Furthermore, the model is examined to validate overall robustness with Jackknife tests, and the independent variables in model do not exist cross correlation with VIF. All these regression results show that the new parameter G and electrotopological state index have good rationality and efficiency. It is concluded that the En and G will be used widely in quantitative structure-property/activity relationship （QSPR/QSAR） research.

Low-cost preparation of mesoporous silica with high pore volume

Mesoporous silica materials with high pore volume were successfully prepared by the chemical precipitation method, with water glass and a biodegradable nonionic surfactant polyethylene glycol （PEG）. The obtained materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, thermo gravimetric analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry （TG-DSC）, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results showed that the changes of the pore parameters depended on both the surfactant content and heat treatment temperature. When the content of PEG was 10wt% and the obtained PEG/SiO2 composite was heated at 600℃, the mesoporous silica with a pore volume of 2.2 cma/g, a BET specific surface area of 361.55 m^2/g, and a diameter of 2-4 μm could be obtained. The obtained mesoporous silica materials have potential applications in the fields of paint and plastic, as thickening, reinforcing, and flatting agents.

The Effect of Adjuvants on Penetration of beta-cypermethrin Through the Epidermis of Cabbage Leaf

The effects of three types of adjuvant (mineral oil, higher aliphatic acid and nonionic surfactant) on the penetration of beta-cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface were studied. The results showed that the penetration was positively correlated with both the concentration of adjuvant and the time after application, in a given range of treatment. A synergistic effect of two types of adjuvant on the penetration was found. Some physical properties of emulsions were determined. The change of the structures of the cabbage leaf surface by these adjuvants was observed from photomicrographs. The mechanism concerned with the effect of these adjuvants on the penetration of beta- cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface was tentatively discussed.

Effect of nonionic surfactants in release media on accelerated in-vitro release profile of sirolimus eluting stents with biodegradable polymeric coating

It is a well-known fact that sirolimus(SRL) undergoes degradation process via hydrolysis in aqueous media, leading to incorrect assessment of drug amount and thus release characteristics of formulations.The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nonionic surfactants in media on invitro release profiles for sirolimus eluting stents(SES) coated with biodegradable polymeric matrix.Phosphate buffer and acetate buffer incorporating nonionic surfactants with varying concentrations were examined for adequate solubility and stability(by RP-HPLC). Good sink condition was achieved in phosphate buffer(at pH 4.0) with 1.0% Tween 20, 1.0% Brij 35% and 0.5% Brij 58. Hydrodynamic size(by DLS) and the micelle-water partition coefficient(P) with standard free energy of solubilization(ΔGs°) of drug were evaluated to get some understanding about the solubilization phenomena. About 80% of drug release during the period of 48 h was achieved in optimized drug release media which was 1.0% Tween20 in phosphate buffer pH 4.0. The obtained accelerated SRL release profile in optimized medium correlated well with the real time in-vitro release in phosphate buffer(pH 7.4). Surface morphology changes(by SEM), changes in gravimetric weights and molecular weight change(by GPC) were examined before and after drug release to understand the drug release mechanism which explains that the polymer did not undergo degradation during the drug release.

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Non-Ionic Polyurethane Dispersion Based on Hydroxylated Tung Oil and Alicyclic Isocyanates

Hydroxylated Tung oil (HTO) based nonionic polyurethane dispersion (HTO-NPUD) were synthesized using dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate (HMDI) and HTO as main hydrophobic materials whereas polyethylene glycol-800 (PEG-800) as hydrophilic chain extender. To effectively study the effects of HTO on properties of NPUD, polypropylene glycol-400(PPG-400) based NPUD was prepared by HMDI reacting with PPG-400 and PEG-800. The structures of those novel nonionic polyurethane dispersions were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. Moreover, particle size and size distribution, cloud point and surface tension had been investigated. Results showed that, by comparing with PPG based NPUD (PPG-NPUD), the introduction of HTO into NPUD result in larger particle size and more uniformed particle size distribution, higher cloud point and lower surface tension.

Studies on the Recycling Efficiency of Thermoregulated Phase-separable Rh/PETPP Complex Catalyst

Effects on the recycling efficiency of thermoregulated phase-separable Rh/PETPP (P-[p-C6H4O(CH2CH2O)nH]3, N=3n) complex catalyst involved in hydroformylation of 1-decene are for the first time presented. It was found that the loss of Rh is dependent greatly on the composition of phosphine ligand PETPP and the organic solvent employed in the reaction.

Nonionic Polymerizable Emulsifier in High-Solids-Content Acrylate Emulsion Polymerization

Stable high-solids-content acrylate emulsion were obtained with a nonionic polymerizable emulsifier allyloxy nonylphenoxy poly （ethyleneoxy） （10） ether （ANPEO10）, and a conventional emulsifier OP-10 as a reference sample. 1H NMR proves that the polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 has been incorporated into the resulted acrylate polymers. TEM demonstrates that there are some differences in the particle morphologies. AFM proves that the polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 migrating to the surface of the emulsion film was much less than the conventional emulsifier OP-10. The polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 can enhance the adhesion with glass plate compared to the conventional emulsifier. Furthermore, with increasing amount of emulsifier, the surface free energy of the films first decreased and then increased, and the adhesion with glass plate is initially enhanced and then attenuated. The water-resistance and solvent-resistance of the films prepared by the polymerizable emulsifier ANPEO10 are superior to those prepared by the conventional emulsifier OP-10.

Preparation and Characterization of In_2O_3 Nanorods

In_2O_3 nanorods were prepared by sol-gel technique with nonionic surfactant controlling their morphology,and were characterized by TEM,TG-DSC and XRD.The results indicated that In_2O_3 nanorods had the length of about 120 nm and diameter of 20 nm.The In_2O(OH)_4 dried gelatin was formed by partial dehydrating of In(OH)_3 molecules.The factors influencing the morphology of In_2O_3 nanorods and their growth mechanism were discussed.The geometry array parameter P of the nonionic surfactant was between 1/3～1/2 through calculation,which confirmed that the shape of the micelle was claviform.

CALORIMETRIC STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF MICROEMULSION WITH NONIONIC SURFACTANT

Enthalpic studies on the state of water in hex-adecane/hexanol/ AEO8/water system have been conducted. The results show that water exists in three states such as bound water,trap water and free water. The enthalpic effect of condition that water to oil ratio is in the abnormal rheology region, the negative thixotropy of the system is directly proportional to the enthalpy.

Synthesis of Di-substituted Proazaphosphatrane and Its Application in Carbon-carbon Double-bond Isomerization

Diisopropyltren was synthesized from the reaction of tren with benzaldehyde in toluene, followed by reducing the imine intermediate with NaBH4, and debenzylation catalyzed by 10% Pd/C in methanol. It was then converted to its corresponding azaphosphatrane via ring-closing reaction of HMPT and triflic acid. Deprotonation of azaphosphatrane with potassium t-butoxide afforded the target diisopropyl proazaphosphatrane ld. A comparative study of compound ld for isomerization of allylic system and methylene-interrupted diene system revealed that compound ld is more efficient than its tri-substituted analoque（lb）. In acetonitrile at 40 ℃, allylaromatics were selectively isomerized to 1-arylpropene generally in an isolated yield more than 95% with trans, cis molar ratios in a range of 87/13 to 96/4. Allyl phenylsulfide was converted to 1-phenylthiopropene（molar ratio of Z/E=54/46） in a yield of 93%-95%. Methylene-interrupted dienes were also isomerized in high yield.

Studies on the Cloud Points of Nonionic Surfactants with QSPR

With quantum chemical parameters, topological indexes, and physical chemistry parameters as descriptors, a quantitative structure-property relationship（QSPR） has been found for the cloud points of four series of nonionic surfactants（ a total of 65 surfactants）. The best-regressed model includes six descriptors, and the correlation coefficient of multiple determination is as high as 0. 962.

Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship on Prediction of Surface Tension of Nonionic Surfactants

A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) study has been made for the prediction of the surface tension of nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution. The regressed model includes a topological descriptor, the Kier & Hall index of zero order (KH0) of the hydrophobic segment of surfactant and a quantum chemical one, the heat of formation (fHD) of surfactant molecules. The established general QSPR between the surface tension and the descriptors produces a correlation coefficient of multiple determination, 2r=0.9877, for 30 studied nonionic surfactants.

Synthesis of Nonionic Oligomeric Manganese(Ⅱ) Complexes and Investigation of Their Toxicity andΤ_1-Relaxation Enhancement

Six nonionic oligomeric manganese （ Ⅱ ） complexes with oligomeric phosphate-polyglycol-EDTA ester ligands were synthesized and characterized. The longitudinal relaxivities of these complexes were measured. One of these complexes, which showed the highest relaxivity, was chosen to be used in the acute toxicity test and the T1-weighted imaging experiment. It has been found that compared to Gd-DTPA, this nonionic oligomeric Mn（ Ⅱ ） complex exhibits no acute toxicity, generates highly enhanced MRI signals and increases the intention time in the rat liver tissue.

Formation of macroporous gel morphology by phase separation in the silica sol-gel system containing nonionic surfactant

The phase separation and gel formation behavior in an alkoxy-derived silica sol-gel system containing C16EO15 has been investigated. Various gel morphologies similar to other sol-gel systems containing organic additives were obtained by changing the preparation conditions. Micrometer-range interconnected porous gels were obtained by freezing transitional structures of phase separation in the sol-gel process. The dependence of the resulting gel morphology on several important reaction parameters such as the starting composition, reaction temperature and acid catalyst concentration was studied in detail. The experimental results indicate that the gel morphology is mainly determined by the time relation between the onset of phase separation and gel formation.

Transient global amnesia after epiduroscopy in a failed back surgery syndrome patient: Case report

Epiduroscopy (EDS) allows diagnosis and treatment of spinal nerve root pathology by a fiberoptic device inserted percutaneously in the epidural space. Transient global amnesia syndrome (TGA) is defined by an abrupt onset of an anterograde and retrograde amnesia that lasts up to 24 h, although mild subclinical neuropsychological deficits, with concomitant vegetative symptoms, can last for days after the episode. To our knowledge no cases of TGA in association with EDS have been recognized. We present a case of a 54-year-old man who was admitted for EDS, having experienced two times the failed surgery for spinal and left leg pain. During the EDS, 10 ml of non-ionic contrast media (CM) was injected to confirm the inside lesions. The epidural adhesions were gently broken down and drugs were injected around any inflamed nerve roots. Immediately after EDS, the patient experienced a TGA with loss of memory for the recent procedure and an impaired ability to retain new information. There were no signs of confusion or altered conscious level or seizure activities and neurological examination was normal. At 24 h a cranial computerized tomography (cCT) without CM showed “abnormal contrast enhancement at subarachnoid liquoral spaces levels”, then at 72 h cCT control was normal. The patient was discharged on the seventh day with perioperative lacunar amnesia persisting at this time. Herein, we sought a possible relationship between neurotoxic effect of CM and TGA in a patient emotionally stressed, even if the CM dose was given as a normal clinical range.

Fatty Acids in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part XVII: Synthesis of Non Ionic Surfactants Containing Piperidine, Piperazine, Imidazole Based on Thiadiazole and Microbiological Activities Evaluation

A series of novel scaffolds Thiadiazolyl Piperidine, Thiadiazolyl Piperazine, thiadiazolidine, Thiadiazolyl thiazole and Thiadiazolyl-imidazole-Thione were synthesized from cheap, available and biologically active stearic acid. 2-amino-5-heptadecyl 1,3,4-thiadiazole reacts with chloroacetyl chloride and produced 2-choloro-N-(5-heptadecyl-1,3,4-Thiadiazole-2-yl) acetamide. Which allowed to react with Piperidine, Piperazine, urea and/or Thiourea and Potassium thiocyanate, and the latest scaffolds have been synthesized, respectively, and the structures of these compounds were established by elemental analysis, MS, IR and 1H-NMR spectral data. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in-vitro against strains of gram +ve, gram -ve bacteria and fungi. Nonionic surfactant were obtained by addition of different moles of propylene oxide (3,5,7 mole) to the synthesized compounds bearing an active hydrogen. Physico-chemical and surface properties as well as biodegradability of the synthesized non-ionic surfactants were evaluated.