Comparison of nonlinear modeling methods for the composite rubber clamp

The cubic stiffness force model(CSFM)and Bouc-Wen model(BWM)are introduced and compared innovatively.The unknown coefficients of the nonlinear models are identified by the genetic algorithm combined with experiments.By fitting the identified nonlinear coefficients under different excitation amplitudes,the nonlinear vibration responses of the system are predicted.The results show that the accuracy of the BWM is higher than that of the CSFM,especially in the non-resonant region.However,the optimization time of the BWM is longer than that of the CSFM.

Nonlinear wave dispersion in monoatomic chains with lumped and distributed masses:discrete and continuum models

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of inertia of nonlinear springs on the dispersion behavior of discrete monoatomic chains with lumped and distributed masses.The developed model can represent the wave propagation problem in a non-homogeneous material consisting of heavy inclusions embedded in a matrix.The inclusions are idealized by lumped masses,and the matrix between adjacent inclusions is modeled by a nonlinear spring with distributed masses.Additionally,the model is capable of depicting the wave propagation in bi-material bars,wherein the first material is represented by a rigid particle and the second one is represented by a nonlinear spring with distributed masses.The discrete model of the nonlinear monoatomic chain with lumped and distributed masses is first considered,and a closed-form expression of the dispersion relation is obtained by the second-order Lindstedt-Poincare method(LPM).Next,a continuum model for the nonlinear monoatomic chain is derived directly from its discrete lattice model by a suitable continualization technique.The subsequent use of the second-order method of multiple scales(MMS)facilitates the derivation of the corresponding nonlinear dispersion relation in a closed form.The novelties of the present study consist of(i)considering the inertia of nonlinear springs on the dispersion behavior of the discrete mass-spring chains;(ii)developing the second-order LPM for the wave propagation in the discrete chains;and(iii)deriving a continuum model for the nonlinear monoatomic chains with lumped and distributed masses.Finally,a parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of the design parameters and the distributed spring mass on the nonlinear dispersion relations and phase velocities obtained from both the discrete and continuum models.These parameters include the ratio of the spring mass to the lumped mass,the nonlinear stiffness coefficient of the spring,and the wave amplitude.

Nonlinear dynamics of a circular curved cantilevered pipe conveying pulsating fluid based on the geometrically exact model

Due to the novel applications of flexible pipes conveying fluid in the field of soft robotics and biomedicine,the investigations on the mechanical responses of the pipes have attracted considerable attention.The fluid-structure interaction(FSI)between the pipe with a curved shape and the time-varying internal fluid flow brings a great challenge to the revelation of the dynamical behaviors of flexible pipes,especially when the pipe is highly flexible and usually undergoes large deformations.In this work,the geometrically exact model(GEM)for a curved cantilevered pipe conveying pulsating fluid is developed based on the extended Hamilton's principle.The stability of the curved pipe with three different subtended angles is examined with the consideration of steady fluid flow.Specific attention is concentrated on the large-deformation resonance of circular pipes conveying pulsating fluid,which is often encountered in practical engineering.By constructing bifurcation diagrams,oscillating shapes,phase portraits,time traces,and Poincarémaps,the dynamic responses of the curved pipe under various system parameters are revealed.The mean flow velocity of the pulsating fluid is chosen to be either subcritical or supercritical.The numerical results show that the curved pipe conveying pulsating fluid can exhibit rich dynamical behaviors,including periodic and quasi-periodic motions.It is also found that the preferred instability type of a cantilevered curved pipe conveying steady fluid is mainly in the flutter of the second mode.For a moderate value of the mass ratio,however,a third-mode flutter may occur,which is quite different from that of a straight pipe system.

Atlantic blocking events in a simplified nonlinear baroclinic model for local finite-amplitude wave activity

为研究北大西洋阻高的形成机制,本文在局部有限振幅波活动(LWA)框架下进行了一系列数值实验.采用的数值模型能显式地描绘出两种重要的大气内部动力过程,即非线性纬向位涡通量和Rossby波包传播.模拟结果显示,这两种动力学过程均是形成大西洋阻高的重要机理.具体地,非线性纬向位涡通量和Rossby波包传播,分别是大西洋阻高南部和北部LWA形成的主导因子.因此,本研究综合了前人关于大西洋阻高的研究成果,为其形成机理提供了新的认识.

Nonlinear free vibration of piezoelectric semiconductor doubly-curved shells based on nonlinear drift-diffusion model

In this paper, the nonlinear free vibration behaviors of the piezoelectric semiconductor(PS) doubly-curved shell resting on the Pasternak foundation are studied within the framework of the nonlinear drift-diffusion(NLDD) model and the first-order shear deformation theory. The nonlinear constitutive relations are presented, and the strain energy, kinetic energy, and virtual work of the PS doubly-curved shell are derived.Based on Hamilton's principle as well as the condition of charge continuity, the nonlinear governing equations are achieved, and then these equations are solved by means of an efficient iteration method. Several numerical examples are given to show the effect of the nonlinear drift current, elastic foundation parameters as well as geometric parameters on the nonlinear vibration frequency, and the damping characteristic of the PS doublycurved shell. The main innovations of the manuscript are that the difference between the linearized drift-diffusion(LDD) model and the NLDD model is revealed, and an effective method is proposed to select a proper initial electron concentration for the LDD model.

Remaining useful life prediction based on nonlinear random coefficient regression model with fusing failure time data

Remaining useful life(RUL) prediction is one of the most crucial elements in prognostics and health management(PHM). Aiming at the imperfect prior information, this paper proposes an RUL prediction method based on a nonlinear random coefficient regression(RCR) model with fusing failure time data.Firstly, some interesting natures of parameters estimation based on the nonlinear RCR model are given. Based on these natures,the failure time data can be fused as the prior information reasonably. Specifically, the fixed parameters are calculated by the field degradation data of the evaluated equipment and the prior information of random coefficient is estimated with fusing the failure time data of congeneric equipment. Then, the prior information of the random coefficient is updated online under the Bayesian framework, the probability density function(PDF) of the RUL with considering the limitation of the failure threshold is performed. Finally, two case studies are used for experimental verification. Compared with the traditional Bayesian method, the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of imperfect prior information and improve the accuracy of RUL prediction.

Pre-compensation of Friction for CNC Machine Tools through Constructing a Nonlinear Model Predictive Scheme

Nonlinear friction is a dominant factor afecting the control accuracy of CNC machine tools.This paper proposes a friction pre-compensation method for CNC machine tools through constructing a nonlinear model predictive scheme.The nonlinear friction-induced tracking error is frstly modeled and then utilized to establish the nonlinear model predictive scheme,which is subsequently used to optimize the compensation signal by treating the friction-induced tracking error as the optimization objective.During the optimization procedure,the derivative of compensation signal is constrained to avoid vibration of machine tools.In contrast to other existing approaches,the proposed method only needs the parameters of Stribeck friction model and an additional tuning parameter,while fnely identifying the parameters related to the pre-sliding phenomenon is not required.As a result,it greatly facilitates the practical applicability.Both air cutting and real cutting experiments conducted on an in-house developed open-architecture CNC machine tool prove that the proposed method can reduce the tracking errors by more than 56%,and reduce the contour errors by more than 50%.

Design of a Computational Heuristic to Solve the Nonlinear Liénard Differential Model

In this study,the design of a computational heuristic based on the nonlinear Liénard model is presented using the efficiency of artificial neural networks(ANNs)along with the hybridization procedures of global and local search approaches.The global search genetic algorithm(GA)and local search sequential quadratic programming scheme(SQPS)are implemented to solve the nonlinear Liénard model.An objective function using the differential model and boundary conditions is designed and optimized by the hybrid computing strength of the GA-SQPS.The motivation of the ANN procedures along with GA-SQPS comes to present reliable,feasible and precise frameworks to tackle stiff and highly nonlinear differentialmodels.The designed procedures of ANNs along with GA-SQPS are applied for three highly nonlinear differential models.The achieved numerical outcomes on multiple trials using the designed procedures are compared to authenticate the correctness,viability and efficacy.Moreover,statistical performances based on different measures are also provided to check the reliability of the ANN along with GASQPS.

Deterministic and Stochastic Analysis of a New Rumor Propagation Model with Nonlinear Propagation Rate in Social Network

This paper presents a study on a new rumor propagation model with nonlinear propagation rate and secondary propagation rate. We divide the total population into three groups, the ignorant, the spreader and the aware. The nonlinear incidence rate describes the psychological impact of certain serious rumors on social groups when the number of individuals spreading rumors becomes larger. The main contributions of this work are the development of a new rumor propagation model and some results of deterministic and stochastic analysis of the rumor propagation model. The results show the influence of nonlinear propagation rate and stochastic fluctuation on the dynamic behavior of the rumor propagation model by using Lyapunov function method and stochastic related knowledge. Numerical examples and simulation results are given to illustrate the results obtained.

The effects of cold region meteorology and specific environment on the number of hospital admissions for chronic kidney disease:An investigate with a distributed lag nonlinear model

Objective:To explore the effects of daily mean temperature(°C),average daily air pressure(hPa),humidity(%),wind speed(m/s),particulate matter(PM)2.5(μg/m3)and PM10(μg/m3)on the admission rate of chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in Harbin and to identify the indexes and lag days that impose the most critical influence.Methods:The R language Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model(DLNM),Excel,and SPSS were used to analyze the disease and meteorological data of Harbin from 01 January 2010 to 31 December 2019 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:Meteorological factors and air pollution influence the number of hospitalizations of CKD to vary degrees in cold regions,and differ in persistence or delay.Non-optimal temperature increases the risk of admission of CKD,high temperature increases the risk of obstructive kidney disease,and low temperature increases the risk of other major types of chronic kidney disease.The greater the temperature difference is,the higher its contribution is to the risk.The non-optimal wind speed and non-optimal atmospheric pressure are associated with increased hospital admissions.PM2.5 concentrations above 40μg/m3 have a negative impact on the results.Conclusion:Cold region meteorology and specific environment do have an impact on the number of hospital admissions for chronic kidney disease,and we can apply DLMN to describe the analysis.

Degenerate States in Nonlinear Sigma Model with SU(2) Symmetry

Entanglement in quantum theory is a peculiar concept to scientists. With this concept we are forced to re-consider the cluster property which means that one event is irrelevant to another event when they are fully far away. In the recent works we showed that the quasi-degenerate states induce the violation of cluster property in antiferromagnets when the continuous symmetry breaks spontaneously. We expect that the violation of cluster property will be observed in other materials too, because the spontaneous symmetry breaking is found in many systems such as the high temperature superconductors and the superfluidity. In order to examine the cluster property for these materials, we studied a quantum nonlinear sigma model with U(1) symmetry in the previous work. There we showed that the model does have quasi-degenerate states. In this paper we study the quantum nonlinear sigma model with SU(2) symmetry. In our approach we first define the quantum system on the lattice and then adopt the representation where the kinetic term is diagonalized. Since we have no definition on the conjugate variable to the angle variable, we use the angular momentum operators instead for the kinetic term. In this representation we introduce the states with the fixed quantum numbers and carry out numerical calculations using quantum Monte Carlo methods and other methods. Through analytical and numerical studies, we conclude that the energy of the quasi-degenerate state is proportional to the squared total angular momentum as well as to the inverse of the lattice size.

Smoothed Empirical Likelihood Inference for Nonlinear Quantile Regression Models with Missing Response

In this paper, three smoothed empirical log-likelihood ratio functions for the parameters of nonlinear models with missing response are suggested. Under some regular conditions, the corresponding Wilks phenomena are obtained and the confidence regions for the parameter can be constructed easily.

Characterization and identification towards dynamic-based electrical modeling of lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as a crucial enabling technology for the advancement of electric vehicles and energy storage systems in the grid.The design of battery state estimation and control algorithms in battery management systems is usually based on battery models,which interpret crucial battery dynamics through the utilization of mathematical functions.Therefore,the investigation of battery dynamics with the purpose of battery system identification has garnered considerable attention in the realm of battery research.Characterization methods in terms of linear and nonlinear response of lithium-ion batteries have emerged as a prominent area of study in this field.This review has undertaken an analysis and discussion of characterization methods,with a particular focus on the motivation of battery system identification.Specifically,this work encompasses the incorporation of frequency domain nonlinear characterization methods and dynamics-based battery electrical models.The aim of this study is to establish a connection between the characterization and identification of battery systems for researchers and engineers specialized in the field of batteries,with the intention of promoting the advancement of efficient battery technology for real-world applications.

Nonlinear Characteristic Analysis of Gas-Interconnected Quasi-Zero Stiffness Pneumatic Suspension System:A Theoretical and Experimental Study

Because of significantly changed load and complex and variable driving road conditions of commercial vehicles,pneumatic suspension with lower natural frequencies is widely used in commercial vehicle suspension system.How ever,traditional pneumatic suspension system is hardly to respond the greatly changed load of commercial vehicles To address this issue,a new Gas-Interconnected Quasi-Zero Stiffness Pneumatic Suspension(GIQZSPS)is presented in this paper to improve the vibration isolation performance of commercial vehicle suspension systems under frequent load changes.This new structure adds negative stiffness air chambers on traditional pneumatic suspension to reduce the natural frequency of the suspension.It can adapt to different loads and road conditions by adjusting the solenoid valves between the negative stiffness air chambers.Firstly,a nonlinear mechanical model including the dimensionless stiffness characteristic and interconnected pipeline model is derived for GIQZSPS system.By the nonlinear mechanical model of GIQZSPS system,the force transmissibility rate is chosen as the evaluation index to analyze characteristics.Furthermore,a testing bench simulating 1/4 GIQZSPS system is designed,and the testing analysis of the model validation and isolating performance is carried out.The results show that compared to traditional pneumatic suspension,the GIQZSPS designed in the article has a lower natural frequency.And the system can achieve better vibration isolation performance under different load states by switching the solenoid valves between air chambers.

A NOVEL STOCHASTIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS EPIDEMIC MODEL WITH SECOND-ORDER MULTIPLICATIVE α-STABLE NOISE AND REAL DATA

This work presents an advanced and detailed analysis of the mechanisms of hepatitis B virus(HBV)propagation in an environment characterized by variability and stochas-ticity.Based on some biological features of the virus and the assumptions,the corresponding deterministic model is formulated,which takes into consideration the effect of vaccination.This deterministic model is extended to a stochastic framework by considering a new form of disturbance which makes it possible to simulate strong and significant fluctuations.The long-term behaviors of the virus are predicted by using stochastic differential equations with second-order multiplicative α-stable jumps.By developing the assumptions and employing the novel theoretical tools,the threshold parameter responsible for ergodicity(persistence)and extinction is provided.The theoretical results of the current study are validated by numerical simulations and parameters estimation is also performed.Moreover,we obtain the following new interesting findings:(a)in each class,the average time depends on the value ofα;(b)the second-order noise has an inverse effect on the spread of the virus;(c)the shapes of population densities at stationary level quickly changes at certain values of α.The last three conclusions can provide a solid research base for further investigation in the field of biological and ecological modeling.

Probability Distribution Characteristics of Strong Nonlinear Waves Under Typhoon Conditions in the Northern South China Sea

The generation and propagation mechanism of strong nonlinear waves in the South China Sea is an essential research area. In this study, the third-generation wave model WAVEWATCH Ⅲ is employed to simulate wave fields under extreme sea states. The model, integrating the ST6 source term, is validated against observed data, demonstrating its credibility. The spatial distribution of the occurrence probability of strong nonlinear waves during typhoons is shown, and the waves in the straits and the northeastern part of the South China Sea show strong nonlinear characteristics. The high-order spectral model HOS-ocean is employed to simulate the random wave surface series beneath five different platform areas. The waves during the typhoon exhibit strong nonlinear characteristics, and freak waves exist. The space-varying probability model is established to describe the short-term probability distribution of nonlinear wave series. The exceedance probability distributions of the wave surface beneath different platform areas are compared and analyzed. The results show that with an increase in the platform area, the probability of a strong nonlinear wave beneath the platform increases.

Uncertainty and disturbance estimator-based model predictive control for wet flue gas desulphurization system

Wet flue gas desulphurization technology is widely used in the industrial process for its capability of efficient pollution removal.The desulphurization control system,however,is subjected to complex reaction mechanisms and severe disturbances,which make for it difficult to achieve certain practically relevant control goals including emission and economic performances as well as system robustness.To address these challenges,a new robust control scheme based on uncertainty and disturbance estimator(UDE)and model predictive control(MPC)is proposed in this paper.The UDE is used to estimate and dynamically compensate acting disturbances,whereas MPC is deployed for optimal feedback regulation of the resultant dynamics.By viewing the system nonlinearities and unknown dynamics as disturbances,the proposed control framework allows to locally treat the considered nonlinear plant as a linear one.The obtained simulation results confirm that the utilization of UDE makes the tracking error negligibly small,even in the presence of unmodeled dynamics.In the conducted comparison study,the introduced control scheme outperforms both the standard MPC and PID(proportional-integral-derivative)control strategies in terms of transient performance and robustness.Furthermore,the results reveal that a lowpass-filter time constant has a significant effect on the robustness and the convergence range of the tracking error.

Modeling and analysis of hysteresis using the Maxwell-slip model for variable stiffness actuators

Hysteresis non-linearity in variable stiffness actuators(VSAs)causes significant torque errors and reduces the stability of the actuators,leading to poor human–computer interaction performance.At present,fewer hysteresis compensation models have been developed for compliant drives,so it is necessary to establish a suitable hysteresis model for compliant actuators.In this work,a new model with a combination of the Maxwell-slip model and virtual deformation is proposed and applied to an elbow compliant actuator.The method divides the periodic variation of the actuator into three parts:an ascending phase,a descending phase,and a transition phase.Based on the concept of virtual deformation,the nonlinear hysteresis curve is transformed into a polyline,and the output torque is estimated using the revised Maxwell-slip model.The simulation results are compared with the experimental data.Its torque error is controlled within 0.2Nm,which validates the model.An inverse model is finally established to calculate the deformation deflection angle for hysteresis compensation.The results show that the inverse model has high accuracy,and the deformation deflection is less than 0.15 rad.

Application of the Conditional Nonlinear Local Lyapunov Exponent to Second-Kind Predictability

In order to quantify the influence of external forcings on the predictability limit using observational data,the author introduced an algorithm of the conditional nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent(CNLLE)method.The effectiveness of this algorithm is validated and compared with the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent(NLLE)and signal-to-noise ratio methods using a coupled Lorenz model.The results show that the CNLLE method is able to capture the slow error growth constrained by external forcings,therefore,it can quantify the predictability limit induced by the external forcings.On this basis,a preliminary attempt was made to apply this method to measure the influence of ENSO on the predictability limit for both atmospheric and oceanic variable fields.The spatial distribution of the predictability limit induced by ENSO is similar to that arising from the initial conditions calculated by the NLLE method.This similarity supports ENSO as the major predictable signal for weather and climate prediction.In addition,a ratio of predictability limit(RPL)calculated by the CNLLE method to that calculated by the NLLE method was proposed.The RPL larger than 1 indicates that the external forcings can significantly benefit the long-term predictability limit.For instance,ENSO can effectively extend the predictability limit arising from the initial conditions of sea surface temperature over the tropical Indian Ocean by approximately four months,as well as the predictability limit of sea level pressure over the eastern and western Pacific Ocean.Moreover,the impact of ENSO on the geopotential height predictability limit is primarily confined to the troposphere.

A Comparative Study of Adomian Decomposition Method with Variational Iteration Method for Solving Linear and Nonlinear Differential Equations

This study compares the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and the Variational Iteration Method (VIM) for solving nonlinear differential equations in engineering. Differential equations are essential for modeling dynamic systems in various disciplines, including biological processes, heat transfer, and control systems. This study addresses first, second, and third-order nonlinear differential equations using Mathematica for data generation and graphing. The ADM, developed by George Adomian, uses Adomian polynomials to handle nonlinear terms, which can be computationally intensive. In contrast, VIM, developed by He, directly iterates the correction functional, providing a more straightforward and efficient approach. This study highlights VIM’s rapid convergence and effectiveness of VIM, particularly for nonlinear problems, where it simplifies calculations and offers direct solutions without polynomial derivation. The results demonstrate VIM’s superior efficiency and rapid convergence of VIM compared with ADM. The VIM’s minimal computational requirements make it practical for real-time applications and complex system modeling. Our findings align with those of previous research, confirming VIM’s efficiency of VIM in various engineering applications. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate methods based on specific problem requirements. While ADM is valuable for certain nonlinearities, VIM’s approach is ideal for many engineering scenarios. Future research should explore broader applications and hybrid methods to enhance the solution’s accuracy and efficiency. This comprehensive comparison provides valuable guidance for selecting effective numerical methods for differential equations in engineering.