As air descends the intake shaft, its infrastructure, lining and the strata will emit heat during the night when the intake air is cool and, on the contrary, will absorb heat during the day when the temperature of the...As air descends the intake shaft, its infrastructure, lining and the strata will emit heat during the night when the intake air is cool and, on the contrary, will absorb heat during the day when the temperature of the air becomes greater than that of the strata. This cyclic phenomenon, also known as the "thermal damping effect" will continue throughout the year reducing the effect of surface air temperature variation. The objective of this paper is to quantify the thermal damping effect in vertical underground airways. A nonlinear autoregressive time series with external input(NARX) algorithm was used as a novel method to predict the dry-bulb temperature(Td) at the bottom of intake shafts as a function of surface air temperature. Analyses demonstrated that the artificial neural network(ANN) model could accurately predict the temperature at the bottom of a shaft. Furthermore, an attempt was made to quantify typical "damping coefficient" for both production and ventilation shafts through simple linear regression models. Comparisons between the collected climatic data and the regression-based predictions show that a simple linear regression model provides an acceptable accuracy when predicting the Tdat the bottom of intake shafts.展开更多
The response of the train–bridge system has an obvious random behavior.A high traffic density and a long maintenance period of a track will result in a substantial increase in the number of trains running on a bridge...The response of the train–bridge system has an obvious random behavior.A high traffic density and a long maintenance period of a track will result in a substantial increase in the number of trains running on a bridge,and there is small likelihood that the maximum responses of the train and bridge happen in the total maintenance period of the track.Firstly,the coupling model of train–bridge systems is reviewed.Then,an ensemble method is presented,which can estimate the small probabilities of a dynamic system with stochastic excitations.The main idea of the ensemble method is to use the NARX(nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input)model to replace the physical model and apply subset simulation with splitting to obtain the extreme distribution.Finally,the efficiency of the suggested method is compared with the direct Monte Carlo simulation method,and the probability exceedance of train responses under the vertical track irregularity is discussed.The results show that when the small probability of train responses under vertical track irregularity is estimated,the ensemble method can reduce both the calculation time of a single sample and the required number of samples.展开更多
针对SI(Spark Ignition)发动机空燃比(AFR:Air-Fuel Ratio)控制精度低、无法自适应等问题,提出了基于NARX(Nonlinear Auto Regressive model with e Xogenous inputs)模型的非线性模型预测控制(NMPC:Nonlinear Model Predict Control)...针对SI(Spark Ignition)发动机空燃比(AFR:Air-Fuel Ratio)控制精度低、无法自适应等问题,提出了基于NARX(Nonlinear Auto Regressive model with e Xogenous inputs)模型的非线性模型预测控制(NMPC:Nonlinear Model Predict Control)方法。利用渐消记忆递推最小二乘(RLS:Recursive Least Squares)算法对NARX模型进行辨识,基于NARX模型对SI发动机的AFR进行非线性模型预测控制。该方法辨识精度高,可通过NARX模型数学结构直接计算最优控制序列,从而提高系统的控制精度。同时,采用Matlab对均值发动机模型(MVEM:Mean Value Engine Model)进行仿真实验,并与采用Volterra模型的PI(Proportional Integral)控制器算法进行对比。仿真结果证明,该算法控制效果比基于Volterra模型和传统的PI控制器的控制效果超调量小,调节时间短,更加具有工程实际应用性。展开更多
Tool condition monitoring(TCM)is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing.The objective is to monitor the tool operation status and detect tool breakage so that the tool can be changed in time to avoid significa...Tool condition monitoring(TCM)is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing.The objective is to monitor the tool operation status and detect tool breakage so that the tool can be changed in time to avoid significant damage to workpieces and reduce manufacturing costs.Recently,an innovative TCM approach based on sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis has been proposed.Different from traditional signal feature-based monitoring,the data from sensors are utilized to build a dynamic process model.Then,the nonlinear output frequency response functions,a concept which extends the linear system frequency response function to the nonlinear case,over the frequency range of the tooth passing frequency of the machining process are extracted to reveal tool health conditions.In order to extend the novel sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis to unsupervised condition monitoring of cutting tools,in the present study,a multivariate control chart is proposed for TCM based on the frequency domain properties of machining processes derived from the innovative sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis.The feature dimension is reduced by principal component analysis first.Then the moving average strategy is exploited to generate monitoring variables and overcome the effects of noises.The milling experiments of titanium alloys are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in detecting excessive flank wear of solid carbide end mills.The results demonstrate the advantages of the new approach over conventional TCM techniques and its potential in industrial applications.展开更多
通过一维杆的一维传热的分组显式数值求解,分析热弹性效应的存在及规律,得出随着时间的增长,温升—热变形之间的关系会逐渐趋近稳态,但不可能获得绝对的稳态;在传热过程中,随着距离增加,温度衰减很快,离热源越远的点的热弹性效环应越窄...通过一维杆的一维传热的分组显式数值求解,分析热弹性效应的存在及规律,得出随着时间的增长,温升—热变形之间的关系会逐渐趋近稳态,但不可能获得绝对的稳态;在传热过程中,随着距离增加,温度衰减很快,离热源越远的点的热弹性效环应越窄。提出用非线性时序模型与前向神经网络相结合的模型(Nonlinear auto-regressive moving average neural network with exogenousinputs,NARMAX-NN)来辨识热弹性效应。用NARMAX-NN模型对高速进给系统试验台的热动态特性进行建模,获得良好的效果。此方法比多变量回归模型、反馈神经网络模型及广义最小二乘输出误差模型有更好的精度和鲁棒性,能精确地对复杂结构、多热源的时变非线性热误差特性进行建模和预测。展开更多
提出了一种软件系统的非线性有源自回归(Nonlinear AutoRegressive models with eXogenous Inputs,NARX)网络模型的老化检测方法。解决了目前软件老化方法未考虑多变量间关联性及历史数据的延迟影响的问题。该方法首先通过对实验采集的H...提出了一种软件系统的非线性有源自回归(Nonlinear AutoRegressive models with eXogenous Inputs,NARX)网络模型的老化检测方法。解决了目前软件老化方法未考虑多变量间关联性及历史数据的延迟影响的问题。该方法首先通过对实验采集的HelixServer-VOD服务器性能数据进行主成分分析,确定网络的输入维数,根据AIC准则确定最佳模型阶数,最终选取合理的网络模型结构;使用已知的未老化状态样本对NARX网络进行训练,建立系统的辨识模型;然后运用序贯概率比检验(Sequential Probability Ratio Test,SPRT)对NARX辨识模型的残差进行假设检验,判断系统的老化状态。实验分析表明,基于NARX网络模型的故障检测方法能够有效地应用于软件老化的检测。展开更多
基金funded by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (No. 2014-N-15795, 2014)
文摘As air descends the intake shaft, its infrastructure, lining and the strata will emit heat during the night when the intake air is cool and, on the contrary, will absorb heat during the day when the temperature of the air becomes greater than that of the strata. This cyclic phenomenon, also known as the "thermal damping effect" will continue throughout the year reducing the effect of surface air temperature variation. The objective of this paper is to quantify the thermal damping effect in vertical underground airways. A nonlinear autoregressive time series with external input(NARX) algorithm was used as a novel method to predict the dry-bulb temperature(Td) at the bottom of intake shafts as a function of surface air temperature. Analyses demonstrated that the artificial neural network(ANN) model could accurately predict the temperature at the bottom of a shaft. Furthermore, an attempt was made to quantify typical "damping coefficient" for both production and ventilation shafts through simple linear regression models. Comparisons between the collected climatic data and the regression-based predictions show that a simple linear regression model provides an acceptable accuracy when predicting the Tdat the bottom of intake shafts.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51978589,51778544,and 51525804).
文摘The response of the train–bridge system has an obvious random behavior.A high traffic density and a long maintenance period of a track will result in a substantial increase in the number of trains running on a bridge,and there is small likelihood that the maximum responses of the train and bridge happen in the total maintenance period of the track.Firstly,the coupling model of train–bridge systems is reviewed.Then,an ensemble method is presented,which can estimate the small probabilities of a dynamic system with stochastic excitations.The main idea of the ensemble method is to use the NARX(nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input)model to replace the physical model and apply subset simulation with splitting to obtain the extreme distribution.Finally,the efficiency of the suggested method is compared with the direct Monte Carlo simulation method,and the probability exceedance of train responses under the vertical track irregularity is discussed.The results show that when the small probability of train responses under vertical track irregularity is estimated,the ensemble method can reduce both the calculation time of a single sample and the required number of samples.
文摘针对SI(Spark Ignition)发动机空燃比(AFR:Air-Fuel Ratio)控制精度低、无法自适应等问题,提出了基于NARX(Nonlinear Auto Regressive model with e Xogenous inputs)模型的非线性模型预测控制(NMPC:Nonlinear Model Predict Control)方法。利用渐消记忆递推最小二乘(RLS:Recursive Least Squares)算法对NARX模型进行辨识,基于NARX模型对SI发动机的AFR进行非线性模型预测控制。该方法辨识精度高,可通过NARX模型数学结构直接计算最优控制序列,从而提高系统的控制精度。同时,采用Matlab对均值发动机模型(MVEM:Mean Value Engine Model)进行仿真实验,并与采用Volterra模型的PI(Proportional Integral)控制器算法进行对比。仿真结果证明,该算法控制效果比基于Volterra模型和传统的PI控制器的控制效果超调量小,调节时间短,更加具有工程实际应用性。
文摘Tool condition monitoring(TCM)is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing.The objective is to monitor the tool operation status and detect tool breakage so that the tool can be changed in time to avoid significant damage to workpieces and reduce manufacturing costs.Recently,an innovative TCM approach based on sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis has been proposed.Different from traditional signal feature-based monitoring,the data from sensors are utilized to build a dynamic process model.Then,the nonlinear output frequency response functions,a concept which extends the linear system frequency response function to the nonlinear case,over the frequency range of the tooth passing frequency of the machining process are extracted to reveal tool health conditions.In order to extend the novel sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis to unsupervised condition monitoring of cutting tools,in the present study,a multivariate control chart is proposed for TCM based on the frequency domain properties of machining processes derived from the innovative sensor data modelling and model frequency analysis.The feature dimension is reduced by principal component analysis first.Then the moving average strategy is exploited to generate monitoring variables and overcome the effects of noises.The milling experiments of titanium alloys are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in detecting excessive flank wear of solid carbide end mills.The results demonstrate the advantages of the new approach over conventional TCM techniques and its potential in industrial applications.
文摘通过一维杆的一维传热的分组显式数值求解,分析热弹性效应的存在及规律,得出随着时间的增长,温升—热变形之间的关系会逐渐趋近稳态,但不可能获得绝对的稳态;在传热过程中,随着距离增加,温度衰减很快,离热源越远的点的热弹性效环应越窄。提出用非线性时序模型与前向神经网络相结合的模型(Nonlinear auto-regressive moving average neural network with exogenousinputs,NARMAX-NN)来辨识热弹性效应。用NARMAX-NN模型对高速进给系统试验台的热动态特性进行建模,获得良好的效果。此方法比多变量回归模型、反馈神经网络模型及广义最小二乘输出误差模型有更好的精度和鲁棒性,能精确地对复杂结构、多热源的时变非线性热误差特性进行建模和预测。
文摘提出了一种软件系统的非线性有源自回归(Nonlinear AutoRegressive models with eXogenous Inputs,NARX)网络模型的老化检测方法。解决了目前软件老化方法未考虑多变量间关联性及历史数据的延迟影响的问题。该方法首先通过对实验采集的HelixServer-VOD服务器性能数据进行主成分分析,确定网络的输入维数,根据AIC准则确定最佳模型阶数,最终选取合理的网络模型结构;使用已知的未老化状态样本对NARX网络进行训练,建立系统的辨识模型;然后运用序贯概率比检验(Sequential Probability Ratio Test,SPRT)对NARX辨识模型的残差进行假设检验,判断系统的老化状态。实验分析表明,基于NARX网络模型的故障检测方法能够有效地应用于软件老化的检测。
文摘极限学习机(Extreme learning machine,ELM)是一种单隐层前馈神经网络(SLFNs),它随机选择网络的隐含层节点及其参数,训练时仅需调节输出层权值,因此ELM以极快的学习速度获得良好的推广性。考虑到ELM的特征映射函数未知时,可以将核矩阵引入到ELM中。针对模型未知的强非线性连续搅拌反应釜(Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor,CSTR),提出一种基于核极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine with Kernels,KELM)的NARX模型辨识方法。以仿真的CSTR过程实例进行辨识实验,建立基于NARX-KELM的辨识模型。实验结果表明,在相同条件下,与带动量因子的BP神经网络、模糊神经网络(FNN)、GAP-RBF、MGAP-RBF神经网络、回声状态网络(ESN)、ELM等方法相比,KELM能够有效地改进辨识精度,而且性能更好,这表明了所提方法的有效性和应用潜力。
