In this paper, the synchronous concurrent dual-band RF signal is used to drive the RF Power Amplifier (PA). The nonlinear characterization of a concurrent dual-band RF PA is discussed while two band signals in the dua...In this paper, the synchronous concurrent dual-band RF signal is used to drive the RF Power Amplifier (PA). The nonlinear characterization of a concurrent dual-band RF PA is discussed while two band signals in the dual-band are modulated by CDMA2000 and WCDMA signals. When the two band signals in the dual-band of the PA are modulated with the same signals, it is found that the nonlinearity of the PA can be expressed by any of the two corresponding baseband data. On the other hand, when the two band signals in the dual-band of the PA are modulated with two different signals, the PA nonlinearity cannot be characterized by any of the two corresponding baseband data. In this case, its nonlinearity has to be denoted by a composite signals consisting of the two baseband signals. Consequently, the requirements for the speed of the A/D converter can be largely reduced. The experimental results with CDMA2000 and WCDMA signals demonstrate the speed of the A/D converter required is only 30 M Sample Per Second (SaPS), but it will be at least 70 M SaPS for the conventional method.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as a crucial enabling technology for the advancement of electric vehicles and energy storage systems in the grid.The design of battery state estimation and control algorithm...Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as a crucial enabling technology for the advancement of electric vehicles and energy storage systems in the grid.The design of battery state estimation and control algorithms in battery management systems is usually based on battery models,which interpret crucial battery dynamics through the utilization of mathematical functions.Therefore,the investigation of battery dynamics with the purpose of battery system identification has garnered considerable attention in the realm of battery research.Characterization methods in terms of linear and nonlinear response of lithium-ion batteries have emerged as a prominent area of study in this field.This review has undertaken an analysis and discussion of characterization methods,with a particular focus on the motivation of battery system identification.Specifically,this work encompasses the incorporation of frequency domain nonlinear characterization methods and dynamics-based battery electrical models.The aim of this study is to establish a connection between the characterization and identification of battery systems for researchers and engineers specialized in the field of batteries,with the intention of promoting the advancement of efficient battery technology for real-world applications.展开更多
Magnetorheological elastomer(MRE)has been demonstrated to be effective in structural vibration control because of controllable stiffness and damping properties with the effect of external magnetic fields.To achieve a ...Magnetorheological elastomer(MRE)has been demonstrated to be effective in structural vibration control because of controllable stiffness and damping properties with the effect of external magnetic fields.To achieve a high performance of MRE device-based vibration control,a robust and accurate model is necessary to describe nonlinear dynamics of MRE device.This article aims at realising this target via nonlinear modeling of an innovative MRE device,i.e.MRE vibration isolator.First,the field-dependent properties of MRE isolator were analysed based on experimental data of the isolator in various dynamic tests.Then,a phenomenal model was developed to account for these unique characteristics of MREbased device.Moreover,an improved PSO algorithm was designed to estimate model parameters.Based on identification results,a generalised model was proposed to clarify the field-dependent properties of the isolator due to varied currents,which was then validated by random and earthquake-excited test data.Based on the proposed model,a frequency control strategy was designed for semi-active control of MRE devices-incorporated smart structure for vibration suppression.Finally,using a three-storey frame model and four benchmark earthquakes,a numerical study was conducted to validate the performance of control strategy based on the generalised current-dependent model with satisfactory results.展开更多
1. Introduction We consider the singular nonlinear boundary value problem where l=v+3/v-1,l+1 is the critical exponent of the embedding of weighted Sobolev space Wt21,2（O, +∞） into Lt2q（O, ∞）, v>2. When v=N-1...1. Introduction We consider the singular nonlinear boundary value problem where l=v+3/v-1,l+1 is the critical exponent of the embedding of weighted Sobolev space Wt21,2（O, +∞） into Lt2q（O, ∞）, v>2. When v=N-1 we can get the radial solutions of problem where 2*=2N/N-2 is the critical exponent of the Sobolev embedding H1（Rn）→LQ（RN）. Kurtz has discussed the existence of κ-node solution of （1.1）, （1.2） for each κ∈N U{0} when the growth rate of |u|l-1u+f（u） is lower then |u|v+3/v-1 i.e.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss the nonlinear approximation of a variation of L1 under the local Haar condition. Theorems on characterizations (including alternations), unicity and strong unicity of the nonlinear approximat...In this paper, we discuss the nonlinear approximation of a variation of L1 under the local Haar condition. Theorems on characterizations (including alternations), unicity and strong unicity of the nonlinear approximation are obtained, the associated linear problem equivalent to the nonlinear approximation are given.展开更多
A new organic charge transfer molecular complex salt of o-toluidinium picrate (OTP) was synthesised and the single crystals were grown by the slow solvent evaporation solution growth technique using methanol as a solv...A new organic charge transfer molecular complex salt of o-toluidinium picrate (OTP) was synthesised and the single crystals were grown by the slow solvent evaporation solution growth technique using methanol as a solvent at room temperature. Formation of the new crystal has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that both the cation and the anion are interlinked to each other by three types of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, namely N(4)-H(4A)···O(7), N(4)-H(4B)···O(5) and N(4)-H(4C)···O(7). The title compound (OTP) crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system with the centrosymmetric space group P21/c. Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectral analysis was used to confirm the presence of various functional groups in the grown crystal. The optical properties were analyzed by the UV-Vis-NIR and fluorescence emission studies.展开更多
A nonlinear optical crystal of gamma glycine was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique using deionized water and sodium acetate. The functional groups and vibrational frequencies were identified using FT...A nonlinear optical crystal of gamma glycine was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique using deionized water and sodium acetate. The functional groups and vibrational frequencies were identified using FTIR spectral analysis. The cell parameters were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used to study its thermal properties. The optical transmittance window and lower cutoff wavelength have been identified by UV-absorption spectrum analysis. Second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency measurement was carried out by powder Kurtz method.展开更多
Nonlinear optical single crystals of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA) doped lithium sulphate monohydrate are successfully grown by using slow evaporation technique at room temperature with double distilled water ...Nonlinear optical single crystals of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA) doped lithium sulphate monohydrate are successfully grown by using slow evaporation technique at room temperature with double distilled water as solvent. In order to know its suitability for device fabrication, different characterization analyses have been performed. The single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and powder X-ray diffraction methods are used for identifying the structural parameters of grown crystals. It is found that the addition of dopant doesn’t change the crystal structure. The range and percentage of optical transmission as well as absorption are ascertained by recording UV-Vis-NIR spectrum. No absorption in the entire visible region implies that it is a potential candidate for optoelectronic applications. The modes of vibration of different groups present in the crystals are identified by FT-IR technique. To understand the thermal properties, thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TGA & DTA) were carried out. The melting point was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis. The amount of dopant included into the crystals was estimated by colorimetric method. The second harmonic generation efficiency measured by Kurtz powder technique is 0.53 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (2010ZX03007-003-04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61171040)+4 种基金the Key Project of International Cooperation of the Provincial Science and Technology Major Projects of Zhejiang (2010C14007)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang (Y1101270)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (2011A610188)Key Project of International Scientific and Technical Cooperation of Yunnan (2009AC010)Excellent Papers Engagement Fund of Ningbo University (PY20100004)
文摘In this paper, the synchronous concurrent dual-band RF signal is used to drive the RF Power Amplifier (PA). The nonlinear characterization of a concurrent dual-band RF PA is discussed while two band signals in the dual-band are modulated by CDMA2000 and WCDMA signals. When the two band signals in the dual-band of the PA are modulated with the same signals, it is found that the nonlinearity of the PA can be expressed by any of the two corresponding baseband data. On the other hand, when the two band signals in the dual-band of the PA are modulated with two different signals, the PA nonlinearity cannot be characterized by any of the two corresponding baseband data. In this case, its nonlinearity has to be denoted by a composite signals consisting of the two baseband signals. Consequently, the requirements for the speed of the A/D converter can be largely reduced. The experimental results with CDMA2000 and WCDMA signals demonstrate the speed of the A/D converter required is only 30 M Sample Per Second (SaPS), but it will be at least 70 M SaPS for the conventional method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62373224)the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology(Grant No.YKJ202212)+1 种基金the Nanjing Overseas Educated Personnel Science and Technology Innovation Projectthe Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Distribution Network,Nanjing Institute of Technology(Grant No.XTCX202307)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as a crucial enabling technology for the advancement of electric vehicles and energy storage systems in the grid.The design of battery state estimation and control algorithms in battery management systems is usually based on battery models,which interpret crucial battery dynamics through the utilization of mathematical functions.Therefore,the investigation of battery dynamics with the purpose of battery system identification has garnered considerable attention in the realm of battery research.Characterization methods in terms of linear and nonlinear response of lithium-ion batteries have emerged as a prominent area of study in this field.This review has undertaken an analysis and discussion of characterization methods,with a particular focus on the motivation of battery system identification.Specifically,this work encompasses the incorporation of frequency domain nonlinear characterization methods and dynamics-based battery electrical models.The aim of this study is to establish a connection between the characterization and identification of battery systems for researchers and engineers specialized in the field of batteries,with the intention of promoting the advancement of efficient battery technology for real-world applications.
基金This work was supported by the Australian Research Council.
文摘Magnetorheological elastomer(MRE)has been demonstrated to be effective in structural vibration control because of controllable stiffness and damping properties with the effect of external magnetic fields.To achieve a high performance of MRE device-based vibration control,a robust and accurate model is necessary to describe nonlinear dynamics of MRE device.This article aims at realising this target via nonlinear modeling of an innovative MRE device,i.e.MRE vibration isolator.First,the field-dependent properties of MRE isolator were analysed based on experimental data of the isolator in various dynamic tests.Then,a phenomenal model was developed to account for these unique characteristics of MREbased device.Moreover,an improved PSO algorithm was designed to estimate model parameters.Based on identification results,a generalised model was proposed to clarify the field-dependent properties of the isolator due to varied currents,which was then validated by random and earthquake-excited test data.Based on the proposed model,a frequency control strategy was designed for semi-active control of MRE devices-incorporated smart structure for vibration suppression.Finally,using a three-storey frame model and four benchmark earthquakes,a numerical study was conducted to validate the performance of control strategy based on the generalised current-dependent model with satisfactory results.
文摘1. Introduction We consider the singular nonlinear boundary value problem where l=v+3/v-1,l+1 is the critical exponent of the embedding of weighted Sobolev space Wt21,2（O, +∞） into Lt2q（O, ∞）, v>2. When v=N-1 we can get the radial solutions of problem where 2*=2N/N-2 is the critical exponent of the Sobolev embedding H1（Rn）→LQ（RN）. Kurtz has discussed the existence of κ-node solution of （1.1）, （1.2） for each κ∈N U{0} when the growth rate of |u|l-1u+f（u） is lower then |u|v+3/v-1 i.e.
文摘In this paper, we discuss the nonlinear approximation of a variation of L1 under the local Haar condition. Theorems on characterizations (including alternations), unicity and strong unicity of the nonlinear approximation are obtained, the associated linear problem equivalent to the nonlinear approximation are given.
文摘A new organic charge transfer molecular complex salt of o-toluidinium picrate (OTP) was synthesised and the single crystals were grown by the slow solvent evaporation solution growth technique using methanol as a solvent at room temperature. Formation of the new crystal has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that both the cation and the anion are interlinked to each other by three types of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, namely N(4)-H(4A)···O(7), N(4)-H(4B)···O(5) and N(4)-H(4C)···O(7). The title compound (OTP) crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system with the centrosymmetric space group P21/c. Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectral analysis was used to confirm the presence of various functional groups in the grown crystal. The optical properties were analyzed by the UV-Vis-NIR and fluorescence emission studies.
文摘A nonlinear optical crystal of gamma glycine was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique using deionized water and sodium acetate. The functional groups and vibrational frequencies were identified using FTIR spectral analysis. The cell parameters were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used to study its thermal properties. The optical transmittance window and lower cutoff wavelength have been identified by UV-absorption spectrum analysis. Second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency measurement was carried out by powder Kurtz method.
文摘Nonlinear optical single crystals of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA) doped lithium sulphate monohydrate are successfully grown by using slow evaporation technique at room temperature with double distilled water as solvent. In order to know its suitability for device fabrication, different characterization analyses have been performed. The single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and powder X-ray diffraction methods are used for identifying the structural parameters of grown crystals. It is found that the addition of dopant doesn’t change the crystal structure. The range and percentage of optical transmission as well as absorption are ascertained by recording UV-Vis-NIR spectrum. No absorption in the entire visible region implies that it is a potential candidate for optoelectronic applications. The modes of vibration of different groups present in the crystals are identified by FT-IR technique. To understand the thermal properties, thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TGA & DTA) were carried out. The melting point was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis. The amount of dopant included into the crystals was estimated by colorimetric method. The second harmonic generation efficiency measured by Kurtz powder technique is 0.53 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate.
