Nonlinear Contact Between Inner Walls of Deep Sea Pipelines in Buckling Process

In order to study buckling propagation mechanism in deep sea pipelines, the contact between pipeline's inner walls in buckling process was studied. A two-dimensional ring model was used to represent the pipeline and a nonlinear spring model was adopted to simulate the contact between inner walls. Based on the elastoplastic constitutive relationship and the principle of virtual work theory, the coupling effect of pipeline's nonlinear large deformation and wall contact was included in the theoretical analysis with the aid of MATLAB, and the application scope of the theoretical model was also discussed. The calculated results show that during the loading process, the change in external pressure is closely related to the distribution of section stress, and once the walls are contacting each other, the external pressure increases and then remains stable after it reaches a specific value. Without fracture, the pipeline section will stop showing deformation. The results of theoretical calculations agree well with those of numerical simulations. Finally, in order to ensure reliability and accuracy of the theoretical results, the collapse pressure and propagation pressure were both verified by numerical simulations and experiments. Therefore, the theoretical model can be used to analyze pipeline's buckling deformation and contact between pipeline's inner walls, which forms the basis for further research on three-dimensional buckling propagation.

Nonlinear Contact Between Pipeline's Outer Wall and Slip-on Buckle Arrestor's Inner Wall During Buckling Process

In order to theoretically study the buckle propagation of subsea pipelines with slip-on buckle arrestors, a two-dimensional ring model was set up to represent the pipeline and a nonlinear spring model was adopted to simulate the contact between pipeline's inner walls and between pipeline's outer wall and slip-on buckle arrestor's inner wall during buckle propagation. In addition, some reverse springs are added to prevent the wall of left and right sides separating from the inner wall of slip-on buckle arrestors. Considering large deformation kinematics relations and the elastic-plastic constitutive relation of material, balance equations were established with the principle of virtual work. The variation of external pressure with respect to the cross-sectional area of pipelines was analyzed, and the lower bound of the crossover pressure of slip-on buckle arrestors was calculated based on Maxwell's energy balance method. By comparing the theoretical results with experiment and finite element numerical simulation, the theoretical method is proved to be correct and reliable.

Numerical Exploration of Asymmetrical Impact Dynamics: Unveiling Nonlinearities in Collision Problems and Resilience of Reinforced Concrete Structures

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of collision and impact problems’ numerical solutions, focusing ongeometric, contact, and material nonlinearities, all essential in solving large deformation problems during a collision.The initial discussion revolves around the stress and strain of large deformation during a collision, followedby explanations of the fundamental finite element solution method for addressing such issues. The hourglassmode’s control methods, such as single-point reduced integration and contact-collision algorithms are detailedand implemented within the finite element framework. The paper further investigates the dynamic responseand failure modes of Reinforced Concrete (RC) members under asymmetrical impact using a 3D discrete modelin ABAQUS that treats steel bars and concrete connections as bond slips. The model’s validity was confirmedthrough comparisons with the node-sharing algorithm and system energy relations. Experimental parameterswere varied, including the rigid hammer’s mass and initial velocity, concrete strength, and longitudinal and stirrupreinforcement ratios. Findings indicated that increased hammer mass and velocity escalated RC member damage,while increased reinforcement ratios improved impact resistance. Contrarily, increased concrete strength did notsignificantly reduce lateral displacement when considering strain rate effects. The study also explores materialnonlinearity, examining different materials’ responses to collision-induced forces and stresses, demonstratedthrough an elastic rod impact case study. The paper proposes a damage criterion based on the residual axialload-bearing capacity for assessing damage under the asymmetrical impact, showing a correlation betweendamage degree hammer mass and initial velocity. The results, validated through comparison with theoreticaland analytical solutions, verify the ABAQUS program’s accuracy and reliability in analyzing impact problems,offering valuable insights into collision and impact problems’ nonlinearities and practical strategies for enhancingRC structures’ resilience under dynamic stress.

Two-Layer Contact Nonlinear Mechanical Analysis of Flexible Drilling Tool in the Wellbore

The lack of research on flexible drilling tool leads to limited application of ultra-short radius horizontal wells.The flexible drilling tool is different from the conventional drilling tool.The flexible drilling pipe involves a mutual transition between the structure and the mechanism during the deformation process.At the same time,the flexible drilling pipe and the eccentric guide tube,the guide tube and the wellbore generate random contact.In this paper,3-D beam elements,universal joint elements,rigid beam elements and the beam-beam contact elements are combined to establish a two-layer contact nonlinear finite element model of the flexible drilling tool in the wellbore.The dynamic relaxation method is introduced for numerical solution.The feasibility of the model and the algorithm is verified by an example.The mechanical analysis of flexible drilling tool under the four hole inclinations in the oblique section is carried out.It is found that the flexible drilling pipe has a“folded line”deformation.The contact force between the flexible drilling pipe and the guide tube is randomly distributed.The contact force between the guide tube and the wellbore in the oblique section is greater than that in the vertical section.As the hole inclinations increase,the torque and axial force transmitted to the drill bit gradually decrease.

基于UEL的水电机组导轴承支架非线性连接模态特性分析

模态分析是水电机组故障诊断的重要方法,但其传统方法缺少对接触部分非线性接触的模拟手段,直接影响模态分析的准确性,也无法对链接部位的失效过程及趋势进行分析。该文基于用户自定义单元子程序接口(user-defined element subroutine interface,UEL),建立了结合部三维非线性专用分析单元模型。推导所提模型有限元格式的基本方程,获得表征材料非线性特性的本构关系;给出螺栓连接的固定结合部的静态分析,以及立式水轮发电机导轴承支架的模态分析算例;给出导轴承支架的支臂末端螺栓连接变刚度计算的工程应用实例。实验与仿真对比结果表明了建立的UEL三维非线性接触分析专用单元模型的正确性;连接失效分析表明了随着导轴承支架接触刚度的下降,会在整机模态频率计算中引入新的频率段这一结果的重要性。

扣件刚度非线性对波磨区轮轨瞬态滚动接触行为的影响

WJ-8型扣件橡胶垫板刚度在长期服役过程中表现出非线性特征,静刚度随荷载增加而降低,为提高三维瞬态滚动接触有限元模型计算精确性,本文以LMA踏面车轮及CHN60型钢轨为基础,基于显式积分算法,将以往研究中线弹性扣件转化为非线性扣件,建立考虑扣件刚度非线性特征的三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型,研究刚度非线性对车轮与钢轨波磨间高频动态响应及瞬态接触行为的影响,并重点分析了波磨工况下时频域内轮轨接触力、轴箱加速度的变化信息.结果表明:扣件非线性对轮轨接触力变化影响明显,主要表现为车轮行驶至扣件前端时强振动导致橡胶垫板表现为柔软特性使轮轨接触力减小,车轮行驶至扣件上方时在轴重作用下振动减弱表现为刚硬特性使轮轨接触力增大,轮轨力变化差异最大达到13.1%.

盘式制动器温度场的分析研究

针对制动器温度场的研究分析,建立额定起重量32 T的钳盘式制动器三维模型,同时在Workbench中添加制动器材料的各个参数,设置摩擦副间的接触关系,施加制动盘和制动衬片载荷、约束,对制动器制动过程产生的温度场进行仿真。使用LM算法建立包括时间、摩擦因数、制动压力、初始转速的多元非线性数学模型,通过Matlab进行回归分析。最终拟合结果和有限元仿真结果吻合,验证了起重机制动器温度模型的正确性。

参变量变分原理的提出、发展与应用

参变量变分原理及其参数二次规划算法是由钟万勰院士1985年针对弹性接触边界非线性问题首次提出来的,经过将近40年的不断发展,目前参变量变分原理已经成功应用于各个领域,其中包括弹塑性分析、接触问题、润滑力学、岩土力学、变刚度杆系结构、先进材料性能分析、材料的蠕变与损伤、柔性结构力学和LQ最优控制等各个工程领域.本文首先回顾了参变量变分原理的起源,介绍了参变量变分原理的基本概念,然后以弹塑性分析问题为例,阐明建立参变量变分原理的理论模型以及实现数值参数二次规划求解原理,最后详细回顾了参变量变分原理的基本理论与相应数值算法在各个领域的发展及其工程应用,展示了参变量变分原理在求解各类非线性问题的特色与优势.

多叶式径向动压气体箔片轴承预紧力仿真

为获取多叶式径向动压气体箔片轴承大预紧装配过程中各部件状态,基于显式动力学方法建立了该类轴承的非线性接触模型,并讨论了预紧量、静态偏心率对转轴表面应力分布的影响,研究结果表明:多叶式箔片结构在平箔片搭接区域及与转轴接触区域应力较大;当无静态偏心时,转轴表面应力分布呈周期对称状态,有静态偏心时,则呈余弦形式,且应力波峰波谷数量与箔片数量一致;同时,预紧量越大,转轴表面应力越大,而静态偏心率越大,转轴表面主要受压区峰谷间应力差越大。

压气储能地下洞室密封钢衬的非线性力学响应特征

依托某压气储能电站实际工程,基于ABAQUS平台,研究密封钢衬应力的非线性影响因素,分别探究了围岩与混凝土材料非线性、密封钢衬-混凝土接触非线性的影响机理。结果表明,浅埋地下储气洞室围岩初始地应力水平不高,巨大气压导致围岩局部塑性屈服,混凝土严重开裂,密封钢衬高应力区-混凝土严重开裂区-围岩塑性区三者存在对应关系;考虑密封钢衬-混凝土之间的接触关系,使得密封钢衬应力分布更加均匀;检修期在重力影响下密封钢衬顶部与混凝土脱开,检修后再加压密封钢衬应力分布出现调整现象,顶部应力峰值和应力不均匀度有所增大;密封钢衬应力峰值随摩擦系数与缝隙值的增大而增大,当摩擦系数大于0.5时其影响不明显,随缝隙的变化梯度大致为30~40 MPa/mm;地下储气洞室密封钢衬受力分析时需同时考虑材料非线性与接触非线性,以保证密封钢衬具有足够的安全储备。

五强溪水电厂底孔密封性能仿真模拟研究

针对水电站闸门水封存在密封性能在运行过程中裂化、密封性能预测困难、水封更换时螺栓预紧量的确定缺乏理论依据等问题,提出基于多元线性回归的螺栓预紧量补偿模型。结合工程实例,通过Ogden公式建立方头P型水封橡胶超弹性本构模型,建立复杂工况下水封密封结构非线性有限元计算模型。基于Ansys计算了4种影响因素下的水封接触应力,分析了多种影响因素与水封密封性能之间的独立影响和综合影响规律,在有限元分析的基础上,基于多元线性回归建立了接触应力计算公式,构建了螺栓预紧量补偿模型,实现了水封密封性能反演和螺栓预紧量补偿计算。结果表明,基于螺栓预紧量补偿模型得到的接触应力与预期值的平均相对误差为7.6%,最大相对误差为16.9%,模型能够实现在水封安装工况改变时对螺栓预紧量进行修正,从而得到预期水封密封性能,为实际工程中水封结构的设计、安装提供了可靠依据。

基于有限元的防蠕变O形圈预紧力研究

针对伺服电机浮动端轴承出现的跑外圈问题,通常采用增加橡胶O形圈来进行相应处理。由于O形圈的尺寸规格,以及O形圈的开槽尺寸和公差,直接会影响到防跑圈力矩,在选用O形圈规格和设计O形圈槽的尺寸时需要核算相关内容。采用有限元法,对不同硬度和不同沟槽尺寸下O形圈提供的预紧力和防跑圈力矩进行分析计算,该计算方法对O形圈的选型和O形圈沟槽的设计具有一定的指导意义。

考虑结构与加锚岩体联合受力的船闸闸首抗震性能研究

为研究地震作用下结构与加锚岩体的非线性接触对闸首抗震性能的影响,以某双线五级船闸的第一级闸首为例,在ADINA有限元软件中建立库水-结构-锚杆-基岩动力相互作用的整体三维有限元模型,基于约束函数的非线性接触单元模拟了闸首结构中的各类接触问题,采用动力时程分析方法模拟了地震作用下闸首结构的动力响应、锚杆受力的分布规律以及不同接触面的接触状态。结果表明:设计地震作用下闸首各边墩均向航槽侧变形,位移沿高度方向递增;锚杆轴向拉应力的最大值小于其抗拉强度;不同介质间的接触面上部有往复开合的现象,接触面最大张开度沿高度方向递增,地震结束时接触面恢复到震前的紧贴状态;设计地震作用下该船闸闸首的结构变形、结构应力、锚杆受力情况及接触面接触状态均满足规范要求,具有良好的抗震性能。

含呼吸裂纹的旋转扭型变截面叶片的动态接触特性

航空发动机叶片经常发生裂纹故障失效,从而引发一系列事故。以往的研究主要集中在裂纹引起的非线性振动上,而裂纹呼吸过程中裂纹表面的接触状态往往被忽略。然而,考虑裂纹表面的接触行为是非常重要的,因为它会导致裂纹叶片的非线性振动。为了进一步研究裂纹诱发非线性振动的机理,本文提出了一种基于自编非协调六面体单元(SNCHE)的旋转叶片动态接触呼吸裂纹模型,并使用弹簧单元模拟呼吸效应。通过接触有限元模型验证了模型的有效性。此外,还研究了裂纹参数(裂纹深度和裂纹位置)及载荷参数(气动振幅和气动频率)对裂纹叶片动态接触特性的影响。在此基础上,提出了一个呼吸裂纹量化指标(BCQI)来表征呼吸裂纹的非线性水平。结果表明,在裂纹呼吸过程中,裂纹面从叶片侧面向裂纹尖端中心方向闭合。并且BCQI随裂纹深度、气动幅值和转速的增加而增大,随裂纹位置越靠近叶尖而减小。

混凝土重力坝整体结构安全评价

为了突破当前重力坝评价体系中只着眼于独立坝段而忽略整体作用的趋势,以国外某工程中的混凝土重力坝为例,建立重力坝全坝段有限元分析模型。考虑混凝土材料、地基岩体的动力非线性特性,采用接触非线性单元模拟不同坝段之间的横缝状态;通过对不同坝段坝体的位移、应力的计算和分析,研究坝体在不同荷载工况下的静动力响应、屈服特性与破坏模式,对重力坝全坝段的安全性能作出整体评价。研究采用的评价方法成果合理有效。

分段线性系统经典数学模型的修正与动力学分析

由于间隙的存在,很多机械系统可以简化为分段线性模型,而简化后的模型中副簧系统通常包含阻尼.在大多数文献建立的数学模型中,主、副系统的接触点与分离点固定在间隙处.文章研究发现,由于副簧系统中弹簧与阻尼的力学特性不同,主、副系统的接触点与分离点位置实际上是随着系统参数和运动状态而变化的.若忽视这一点,后续的包括分岔和混沌在内的动力学分析就会出现误差甚至错误.首先基于经典的数学模型,用数值方法揭示了在简谐激励下主系统未返回到间隙处就与副簧系统提前分离,证明了经典数学模型的不当之处.进一步研究发现主系统不仅会出现提前分离,还会出现接触滞后的现象.因此对系统的接触与分离条件提出了修正,得到了更合理的数学模型.研究发现修正后的接触点、分离点位置与修正前相差较大,修正后的幅频响应曲线与修正前存在一定差别;在复杂运动中,修正前后的运动性质也可能发生改变,证明了修正后的模型更加合理,更能反映工程实际.然后,采用平均法并对平均法的积分区间进行推广,求得了修正模型的幅频响应的解析解,并通过龙格库塔法验证了解析解的正确性.对解析解进行稳定性分析,得到了解析解的稳定性判别式.最后,探究了修正模型的副簧系统参数对主系统幅频响应的影响.

等效锥度非线性研究及其在踏面设计中的应用

为研究等效锥度非线性特性对车辆系统动力学和磨耗性能的影响,提出可以用于踏面优化设计的非线性特性建议指标。通过对轮轨关系进行细致推导,应用踏面逆向设计快速递推算法,得到具有不同等效锥度非线性特性的踏面,对不同踏面的轮轨关系进行分析。建立车辆系统动力学模型和基于Archard理论的磨耗预测模型,对不同非线性特性踏面的临界速度、横向平稳性、磨耗性能进行对比分析。研究结果表明:非线性因子值过高或过低都会导致临界速度下降,但该指标过高对临界速度影响更大,最大降幅可达20%;等效锥度非线性特性还会影响到踏面的磨耗发展,踏面的初始非线性因子越高,名义等效锥度在磨耗过程中的增长越慢,对延长车轮服役周期是有利的。综合动力学性能及磨耗性能,建议高速列车踏面的非线性因子应取尽可能接近于0的负值。在这一结论的指导下,对S1002CN踏面进行优化设计,得到名义等效锥度为0.1,等效锥度非线性因子为0.013(与S1002CN持平)、-0.002的优化踏面S1002CN_opt1、S1002CN_opt2,优化踏面S1002CN_opt2与S1002CN相比临界速度和横向平稳性有所优化,同时磨耗性能也有所提升。S1002CN_opt2与S1002CN_opt1之间的等效锥度非线性关系在动力学性能及磨耗性能中的表现证明以等效锥度非线性因子限值指导踏面进行优化设计的可行性,研究结果可为踏面设计及轮轨关系研究提供参考。

PROGRAM-PATTERN MULTIPOLE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR FRICTIONAL CONTACT

A mathematical program is proposed for the highly nonlinear problem involving frictional contact. A program-pattern using the fast multipole boundary element method (FM- BEM) is given for 3-D elastic contact with friction to replace the Monte Carlo method. A new optimized generalized minimal residual (GMRES) algorithm is presented. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the program-pattern optimization model for node-to-surface contact with friction. The GMRES algorithm greatly improves the computational efciency.

Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of a Simple Blade with Breathing Crack Using Ansys Software

Nonlinear dynamic response represents the most important studies for structures subjected to a dynamic mo-tion so that it provides the researcher by an excellent information especially at critical design levels. The un-predictable nonlinearity in the structure appears when damage is inherited. Most times, the failure of the structure is related to the dynamic nonlinearity. With regard to the breathing phenomena for nonlinear struc-tural systems, very little is known about how the nonlinearities influence the response and the dynamic char-acteristics of cracked structures. In this research, dynamic nonlinearity is presented in damaged structure due to presence of a crack. The crack is assumed to be open and close simultaneously and then breathing. Effect of breathing phenomenon was studied deeply. Crack breathing is simulated at the crack surfaces using con-tact elements. The contact, geometrical, penalty, and spin stiffnesses are taken in consideration. In addition, effect of several important parameters such as rotor angular velocity and crack ratio are studied. The study showed that the breathing natural frequency of any structure is ranged between opened (no contact) and closed crack natural frequencies. The larger crack length, the more nonlinear disturbance in the dynamic re-sponse behavior. Also, at a critical crack length, some mode shapes tend to exchange and pass over with other modes. The presence of the mode interchanging and mode crossover was a guide on the nonlinear re-sponse for the cracked structure. The numerical modeling is achieved using ANSYS finite element program. Experimental data are used for validating the accurate use of contact elements in ANSYS environment.

Numerical simulation on impact-contact between the tips of a pair of blades

To study the dynamic characteristics and damping mechanism of impact-contact between the tips of blades further more,the impact-contact between the tips of a pair of blades was studied through numerical simulation.In this paper,the dynamic equation of contact-impact between the tips was established and Newmark direct integration method was adopted in numerical simulation.The nonlinear response characteristics and damping mechanism of impact-contact system are obtained.The results of numerical simulation were obtained as follows:As the clearance between blade shrouds is smaller,the vibration amplitude is smaller.The clearance between blade shrouds has a great influence on the input energy of the aerodynamic-excitation-vibration force.As the clearance of blade shrouds increases,the input energy of the aerodynamic-excitation-vibration force increases rapidly.