Nonlinear effect of the structured light profilometry in the phase-shifting method and error correction

Digital structured light （SL） profilometry is increasingly used in three-dimensional （3D） measurement technology. However, the nonlinearity of the off-the-shelf projectors and cameras seriously reduces the measurement accuracy. In this paper, first, we review the nonlinear effects of the projector-camera system in the phase-shifting structured light depth measurement method. We show that high order harmonic wave components lead to phase error in the phase-shifting method. Then a practical method based on frequency domain filtering is proposed for nonlinear error reduction. By using this method, the nonlinear calibration of the SL system is not required. Moreover, both the nonlinear effects of the projector and the camera can be effectively reduced. The simulations and experiments have verified our nonlinear correction method.

Generation of large fifth-order nonlinear phase shifts by use of lossless χ^((2)) cascaded nonlinear processes

It is shown that the cascaded fifth-order nonlinear phase shifts will increase with energy loss in the cascaded processes. Essentially different from the multi-photon absorption accompanied with inherent material nonlinearities, the loss of fundamental wave in a cascaded process is controllable and suppressible. By introducing difference frequencies generated from the reaction between the fundamental and its second harmonic after the cascaded processes, the fundamental wave can be free of energy loss, while the large cascaded fifth-order nonlinear phase shift is maintained.

Synchronization transition of limit-cycle system with homogeneous phase shifts

The behaviors of coupled oscillators, each of which has periodic motion with random natural frequency in the absence of coupling, are investigated when phase shifts are considered. In the system of coupled oscillators, phase shifts are the same between different oscillators. Synchronization and synchronization transition are revealed with different phase shifts. Phase shifts play an important role for this kind of system. When the phase shift α〈 0.5π, the synchronization state can be attained by increasing the coupling, and the system cannot reach the synchronization state while α≥ 0.5π. A clear scaling between complete synchronization critical coupling strength Kpc and α - 0.5π is found.

A low noise, high fidelity cross phase modulation in multi-level atomic medium

We develop a hybrid scheme of cross phase modulation based on electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)and active Raman gain(ARG)in a multi-level atomic medium.The cross phase modulation,with low loss and without noise,is demonstrated in a room-temperature ^(85)Rb vapor.We show that a p radian nonlinear Kerr phase shift of the signal light relative to a reference light is observed when the signal light is modulated by the phase control field with the low light intensity.We also show that the linear and the third-order absorption can be eliminated via the Raman gain,and the phase noise of the signal light can be ignored when the phase control light is applied in this hybrid scheme.

The interaction of nonlinear waves in two-dimensional lattice

This paper investigates the collision between two nonlinear waves with arbitrary angle in two-dimensional nonlinear lattice. By using the extended Poincarge-Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method, it obtains two Korteweg-de Vries equations for nonlinear waves in both the ζ and η directions, respectively, and derives the analytical phase shifts after the collision of two nonlinear waves. Finally, the solution of u（υ） up to O（ε^3） order is given.

The interaction of nonlinear waves in two-dimensional dust crystals

This paper investigates the collision between two nonlinear waves with different propagation directions in two- dimensional dust crystals. Using the extended Poincare-Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method, two Korteweg-de Vries equations for nonlinear waves in both the ξ and η directions are obtained, respectively, and the analytical phase shifts and trajectories after the collision of two nonlinear waves are derived. Finally, the effects of parameters of the lattice constant a, the arbitrary constant u0η, the forces f（r）, and the colliding angle θ on the phase shifts of both colliding nonlinear waves are examined.

Integrated Fabry–Perot interferometer based on Er/Yb co-doped fiber for all-optical phase modulation

Fast and stable phase control is essential for many applications in optics. Here, we propose an all-fiber all-optical phase modulation scheme based on a Fabry–Perot interferometer(FPI) and an Er/Yb co-doped fiber(EYDF). By using the EYDF as an F-P cavity via rational design, a phase shift with a modulation sensitivity of 0.0312π/mW is introduced to the modulator.The phase shifts in the EYDF consist of a thermal phase shift and a nonlinear phase shift with a ratio of 19:1, and the corresponding temporal responses of the modulation are 204 ms and 2.5 ms, respectively. In addition, the compact FPI is encapsulated to provide excellent stability for the modulator.

基于窄带耗散孤子Figure-9光纤振荡器和单级单模光纤放大器的皮秒脉冲光纤前端

报道了一种基于Figure-9光纤振荡器和单级单模光纤放大器的皮秒脉冲光纤前端。通过优化光纤振荡器腔内光纤长度,获得了中心波长约为1064 nm、重复频率10 MHz、脉冲能量0.4 nJ的自启动单脉冲锁模窄带耗散孤子皮秒脉冲;通过优化光纤放大器的增益光纤长度,对光纤振荡器产生的21.07 ps脉冲进行单级单模光纤放大后,脉冲能量达10 nJ时的脉冲光谱依然呈钟形结构,3 dB谱宽和脉宽分别为0.31 nm和19.8 ps,该皮秒脉冲光纤前端有望在精密加工等领域发挥重要作用。

非线性系统中双频光栅相位测量

为了在非线性测量系统中获得更好的相位测量结果,提出了一种在几乎消除非线性影响后使用双频光栅投影的相位测量方法。首先,讨论了相位测量系统的非线性效应,分析了频域中存在高阶频谱成份的基本原因,给出了减小非线性效应并分离基频信息的基本方法。然后,在减小系统非线性效应影响的基础上,分析了使用双频光栅投影测量被测物体条纹图像的相位基本原理。为验证所提出的相位测量方法的有效性,进行了计算机仿真和实际实验,获得了良好结果。在仿真实验中,该方法的误差值为有非线性影响方法的27.97%,为几乎没有非线性影响方法的52.51%;在实际实验中,该方法的相位恢复效果最好。表明采用本文方法所测量的相位效果好,误差较小。

基于最小化灰度误差的非线性相位误差补偿方法

非线性相位误差是影响数字投影平面检测精度的重要因素,为了补偿数字投影系统中的非线性相位误差,对非线性误差的模型进行了研究与分析。根据误差模型中的高次谐波理论,构建了一个评价函数,利用此评价函数可以确定补偿之后的截断相位。首先,需要利用高步相移技术求出各谐波项的系数,然后通过相移公式求出实际的截断相位,最后,使用评价函数来求取补偿之后的截断相位。实验结果表明:此种误差补偿方法效果明显,将实际物体相位误差的平均绝对误差与标准差从0.027 31 rad和0.031 14 rad降低至0.008 71 rad和0.010 79 rad,极大提高了相位的精度。

基于相位偏移的条纹投影相位误差补偿方法研究

相移条纹投影技术三维成像的过程中,受设备非线性效应影响存在相位误差。针对相位误差的周期特性,引入相位偏移算法,提出一种非线性相位误差全场补偿方法。利用非线性相位误差的偏移变化,结合多个包裹相位的相位值选取特定阈值,最后使用算法遍历全场相位信息获取理想相位。实验结果显示校正后的误差点数是校正前的2.52%,证实了方法的有效性,通过与其他方法进行数据对比分析,表明所提方法修正相位误差效果有所提高。

INVESTIGATION OF ACOUSTIC NONLINEARITY PARAMETER B/A IN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA USING PHASE SHIFT METHOD

I. INTRODUCTION It has become a very important subject to investigate the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A in biological media since 1980. Experimental evidence indicates that there are nonlinear phenomena under biological frequencies and intensities. B/A is one of the ba-

Study on self-frequency-shift of femtosecond pulse in nonlinear dispersion medium using time-resolved cross-phase modulation method

A time-resolved cross-phase modulation method combined with a modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation is used to study the effects of nonlinear response time on the propagation of ultrashort pulses in nonlinear dispersion media. Evolution of cross-phase modulation spectrum with the different time delay between the probe pulse and pump pulse is simulated using split-step Fourier method. It is shown that both normal self-frequency-shift-red-shift and abnormal self-frequency-shift-blue-shift can occur in the frequency domain for the probe pulse, and a satisfactory theoretical interpretation is given.

NOLM中反向交叉相位调制作用分析

提出了反向交叉相位调制 (XPM)耦合方程 ,得出了非线性光学环路镜 (NOLM)中正、反向信号脉冲在传输过程中共同作用的非线性相移 ,研究了高斯脉冲情况下NOLM的开关特性 ,NOLM作为解复用器时反向XPM的影响 ,及作为光路由选择单元时无放大联接的级数 .最后讨论NRZ码情况下的开关特性 .

投影栅相移法中的相位波动误差及修正算法研究

分析了因测量系统非线性响应及局部饱和投影栅图像所导致的相位误差及其波动特性。经过实验验证,四步相移算法在抑制系统非线性响应所引起的相位误差方面优于三步相移算法。通过模拟分析得出,在采用传统相移算法对局部饱和条纹图像分析时,相位误差较大,且相位分布具有周期波动特性。为减小因图像局部饱和而产生的相位误差,文中采用了新的算法提取相位。实验分析结果验证了算法的正确性。

电动汽车复合能源系统的高效率双向DC-DC变换器的研究

针对电动汽车复合能源系统中使用的传统双向全桥DC-DC变换器存在电流复位时间长和循环能量大的缺陷,提出了一种带非线性电感且采用新颖的移相控制方法的高效率双向DC-DC变换器。采用非线性电感来缩短电流复位时间,并通过控制策略完全消除了循环能量,有效地提高了双向DC-DC变换器的效率。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真,与传统变换器进行了效率比较,验证了该变换器的优越性。

相位测量轮廓术中探测器非线性误差的分析

在相位测量轮廓术 (PMP)中 ,探测器的非线性响应是导致测量误差的重要因素 ,本文对该误差进行了理论分析和计算机模拟 ,比较了各种相移算法对这一误差的抑制能力 ,数值模拟与理论分析的结果一致。本文可为实际应用中合理地选择算法提供理论依据。

基于迟滞非线性补偿系统的光学元件形貌检测

为了减少相移干涉仪中压电陶瓷致动器进行相移时,其迟滞非线性对相移算法中的相位计算带来的误差,设计了一套压电陶瓷致动器的控制系统.利用高精度电阻应变传感器和基于锁相放大原理的信号调理电路检测压电陶瓷致动器位移,建立多项式数学模型描述迟滞非线性,然后提出了一种前馈开环控制方法补偿其迟滞非线性.最后,基于所提出的方案对压电陶瓷致动器进行了期望轨迹的跟踪控制实验,同时将补偿控制系统与干涉仪相结合检测光学元件表面形貌.实验结果表明:补偿后,压电陶瓷致动器的跟踪误差在-0.156μm与+0.078μm之间,迟滞非线性度由10.4%降到2.4%,且干涉仪所测得的光学元件表面面形起伏高度均方根和峰谷分别改变了0.795nm和3.937nm.该系统对于高精度的光学元件形貌检测具有重要的意义.

高斯光束通过非线性介质后的远场衍射图样的研究

利用菲涅尔 基尔霍夫衍射积分公式,对发散和会聚高斯光束通过薄非线性介质时形成的远场衍射图样进行了研究。模拟计算结果表明:当发散高斯光束通过自散焦介质或会聚高斯光束通过自聚焦介质时,远场均会出现中央较暗、向外围逐渐增强、分布尺度较大的粗衍射环;当发散高斯光束通过自聚焦介质或会聚高斯光束通过自散焦介质时,远场均会出现中心强度最大、向外围逐渐减弱、分布尺度较小的细衍射环。不同远场衍射图样归根结底是入射高斯光束因介质折射率变化造成的空间自相位调制及其波前曲率共同作用的结果。

五阶非线性下双脉冲相移和啁啾的解析研究

从光纤中扩展的耦合非线性薛定谔方程组出发,在同时考虑五阶非线性、脉冲间群速度失配和初始时延的情况下,忽略光纤色散效应,导出了载频不同的两高斯脉冲由于交叉相位调制所致的非线性相移和频率啁啾的解析公式。结果表明,与只有三阶非线性的情况相比,三五阶非线性的共同存在会使脉冲间群速度失配,且初始时延对脉冲的非线性相移和频率啁啾会产生更为综合和复杂的影响。该研究在光开关器件和频率转换等方面有一定的指导意义。