A vertical track nonlinear energy sink

Eliminating the effects of gravity and designing nonlinear energy sinks(NESs)that suppress vibration in the vertical direction is a challenging task with numerous damping requirements.In this paper,the dynamic design of a vertical track nonlinear energy sink(VTNES)with zero linear stiffness in the vertical direction is proposed and realized for the first time.The motion differential equations of the VTNES coupled with a linear oscillator(LO)are established.With the strong nonlinearity considered of the VTNES,the steady-state response of the system is analyzed with the harmonic balance method(HBM),and the accuracy of the HBM is verified numerically.On this basis,the VTNES prototype is manufactured,and its nonlinear stiffness is identified.The damping effect and dynamic characteristics of the VTNES are studied theoretically and experimentally.The results show that the VTNES has better damping effects when strong modulation responses(SMRs)occur.Moreover,even for small-amplitude vibration,the VTNES also has a good vibration suppression effect.To sum up,in order to suppress the vertical vibration,an NES is designed and developed,which can suppress the vertical vibration within certain ranges of the resonance frequency and the vibration intensity.

Tracking Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Unknown Constant Input Delay

A robust delay compensator has been developed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with an unknown constant input delay.The control law consists of feedback terms based on the integral of past control values and a novel filtered tracking error,capable of compensating for input delays.Suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals are used to prove global uniformly ultimately bounded(GUUB)tracking,provided certain sufficient gain conditions,dependent on the bound of the delay,are satisfied.Simulation results illustrate the performance and robustness of the controller for different values of input delay.

NONLINEAR ESTIMATION METHODS FOR AUTONOMOUS TRACKED VEHICLE WITH SLIP

In order to achieve precise,robust autonomous guidance and control of a tracked vehicle,a kinematic model with longitudinal and lateral slip is established,Four different nonlinear filters are used to estimate both state vector and time-varying parameter vector of the created model jointly.The first filter is the well-known extended Kalman filter.The second filter is an unscented version of the Kalman filter.The third one is a particle filter using the unscented Kalman filter to generate the importance proposal distribution.The last one is a novel and guaranteed filter that uses a linear set-membership estimator and can give an ellipsoid set in which the true state lies.The four different approaches have different complexities,behavior and advantages that are surveyed and compared.

Particle Filter Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Sparse Representation and Nonlinear Resampling

Object tracking with abrupt motion is an important research topic and has attracted wide attention.To obtain accurate tracking results,an improved particle filter tracking algorithm based on sparse representation and nonlinear resampling is proposed in this paper. First,the sparse representation is used to compute particle weights by considering the fact that the weights are sparse when the object moves abruptly,so the potential object region can be predicted more precisely. Then,a nonlinear resampling process is proposed by utilizing the nonlinear sorting strategy,which can solve the problem of particle diversity impoverishment caused by traditional resampling methods. Experimental results based on videos containing objects with various abrupt motions have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Backstepping tracking control for nonlinear time-delay systems

Two design approaches of state feedback and output feedback tracking controllers are proposed for a class of strict feedback nonlinear time-delay systems by using backstepping technique. When the states of system cannot be observed, the time-delay state observer is designed to estimate the system states. Domination method is used to deal with nonlinear time-delay function under the assumption that the nonlinear time-delay functions of systems satisfy Lipschitz condition. The global asymptotical tracking of the reference signal is achieved and the bound of all signals of the resultant closed-loop system is also guaranteed. By constructing a Lyapunov-Krasoviskii functional, the stability of the closed-loop system is proved. The feasibility of the proposed approach is illustrated by a simulation example.

Distributed Adaptive Tracking Control for Unknown Nonlinear Networked Systems

在这份报纸，我们为易于一个积极领导人，其仅仅说罐头的非线性的不明确的联网的系统的一个类调查合作追踪问题部分被测量，输入隧道也被扰乱。由神经网络(NN ) 的优点技术，追随者的动力学适当地在某些基础功能上被建模，他们的输入隧道被假定也被扰乱。在这个工作，基于观察员的适应控制为可以有非相同的动力学的非线性的联网的系统被建议。它被适当地在一些图状况下面选择参数经由 Lyapunov 理论(UUB ) 显示出全面系统最终一致地合作地被围住。最后，几数字模拟为建议适应控制器的确认被详细描述。

Tracking controller for robot manipulators viac omposite nonlinear feedback law

A composite nonlinear feedback tracking controller for motion control of robot manipulators is described. The structure of the controller is composed of a composite nonlinear feedback law plus full robot nonlinear dynamics compensation. The stability is carried out in the presence of friction. The controller takes advantage of varying damping ratios induced by the composite nonlinear feedback control, so the transient performance of the closed-loop is remarkably improved. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

A MATLAB toolkit for composite nonlinear feedback control–improving transient response in tracking control

We present in this article a MATLAB toolkit with a user-friendly graphical interface for composite nonlinear feedback control system design. The toolkit can be utilized to design a fast and smooth tracking controller for a class of linear systems and nonlinear systems with actuator and other nonlinearities as well as with external disturbances. The parameters of the controller can be tuned easily on the user panel or autotuned by the toolkit. The toolkit is capable of displaying both time-domain and frequency-domain responses on its main panel and generating three different types of con- trol laws, namely, the state feedback, the full-order measurement feedback and the reduced-order measurement feedback controllers. The usage and design procedure of the toolkit are illustrated by practical examples on a rotational/translational actuator （RTAC） system and a hard disk drive servo system. The toolkit can be utilized to design servo systems that deal with point-and-shoot fast targeting.

Nonlinear inversion-based output tracking control of a boiler-turbine unit

The capability to perform fast load-following has been an important issue in the power industry. An output tracking control system of a boiler-turbine unit is developed. The system is composed of stable inversion and feedback controller. The stable inversion is implemented as a feedforward controller to improve the load-following capability, and the feedback controller is utilized to guarantee the stability and robustness of the whole system. Loop-shaping H∞ method is used to design the feedback controller and the final controller is reduced to a multivariable PI form. The output tracking control system takes account of the multivariable, nonlinear and coupling behavior of boiler-turbine system, and the simulation tests show that the control system works well and can be widely applied.

TF/TA^2 trajectory tracking using nonlinear predictive control approach

The use of a methodology of nonlinear continuous predictive control to design the guidance control law for the aircraft TF/TA2 trajectory tracking problem is emptojed. For the derivation of the predictive control law, by using Taylor series expansion, and based on optimizing a performance index which is a quadratic function of both the predictive value of the state variables and the control inputs, a state variable feedback controller for nonlinear systems is obtained, and it provides a tradeoff between satisfactory tracking performance and the control magnitude requirements. Numerical simulation results for a supersonic fighter aircraft model show the viability of this approach.

Robust Fuzzy Tracking Control for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems with Integral Quadratic Constraints

This paper investigates the robust tracking control problcm for a class of nonlinear networked control systems （NCSs） using the Takagi-Sugeno （T-S） fuzzy model approach. Based on a time-varying delay system transformed from the NCSs, an augmented Lyapunov function containing more useful information is constructed. A less conservative sufficient condition is established such that the closed-loop systems stability and time-domain integral quadratic constraints （IQCs） are satisfied while both time-varying network- induced delays and packet losses are taken into account. The fuzzy tracking controllers design scheme is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs） and parallel distributed compensation （PDC）. Furthermore, robust stabilization criterion for nonlinear NCSs is given as an extension of the tracking control result. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed method.

Optimal tracking control for nonlinear large-scale systems with persistent disturbances

This paper studies the optimal control with zero steady-state error problem for nonlinear large-scale systems affected by external persistent disturbances.The nonlinear large-scale system is transformed into N nonlinear subsystems with interconnect terms.Based on the internal model principle,a disturbance compensator is constructed such that the ith subsystem with external persistent disturbances is transformed into an augmented subsystem without disturbances.According to the sensitivity approach,the optimal tracking control law for the ith nonlinear subsystem can be obtained.The optimal tracking control law for the nonlinear large-scale systems can be obtained.A numerical simulation shows that the method is effective.

A new nonlinear output tracking controller via output-feedback

In this paper, the output tracking control is investigated for a class of nonlinear systems when only output is available for feedback. Based on the multivariable analog of circle criterion, an observer is first introduced. Then, the observer-based output tracking controller is constructively designed by using the integral backstepping approach together with completing square. It is shown that, under relatively mild conditions, all the closed-loop signals are uniformly bounded. Meanwhile the system output asymptotically tracks the desired output. A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

H_∞tracking design for a class of decentralized nonlinear systems via fuzzy adaptive observer

A novel H∞ tracking-based decentralized indirect adaptive output feedback fuzzy controller for a class of uncertain large-scale nonlinear systems is developed. By virtue of the proper filtering of the observation error dynamics, the observer-based decentralized indirect adaptive fuzzy control scheme is presented for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems using the combination of H∞ tracking technique, a fuzzy adaptive observer and fuzzy inference systems. The output feedback and adaptation mechanisms are both robust and implementable indeed owing to their freedom from the unavailable observation error vector. All the signals of the closed-loop largescale system are guaranteed to stay uniformly bounded and the output errors take on H∞ tracking performance. Simulation results substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

基于反馈线性化的广义预测控制机械臂轨迹跟踪算法

分析了机械臂轨迹跟踪控制问题的特点,建立了二自由度机械臂动力学模型。为解决广义预测控制(generalized predictive control,GPC)算法难以适用于非线性系统的问题,在现有的GPC算法基础上,设计了基于反馈线性化的广义预测控制(feedback linearization-generalized predictive control,FL-GPC)算法框架,即底层为线性系统预测控制,非线性项使用预估值来进行代替,高层为迭代修正预估量,使用迭代计算的方式对非线性项进行预估。使用FL-GPC算法对二自由度机械臂的静态、动态轨迹跟踪任务进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,算法可以进行有效的机械臂轨迹跟踪控制。

非线性时空正则化的相关滤波目标跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪过程中跟踪模型容易漂移,以及对于多样性形态变化的目标不能进行鲁棒跟踪的问题,结合生物视觉感知规律提出了非线性时空正则化的相关滤波目标跟踪算法。在目标函数中提出贴近人类视觉感知幂定律的非线性滤波更新的时间正则项,相比于时空正则相关滤波器(spatial-temporal regularized correlation filters,STRCF)中固定的时间正则项,非线性滤波更新的时间正则项可以根据跟踪的时间变化进行自适应更新,同时采用交替乘子法降低算法复杂度。提取非线性的梯度方向直方图(histogram of oriented gradient,HOG)特征,使用符合生物映射的对数极坐标进行尺度适应。根据最大响应值与平均峰值相关能量的关系进行遮挡异常检测,降低模型漂移的机率,增强算法的抗遮挡能力。实验结果表明,该算法在OTB2015数据集上的精确率和成功率分别达到89.8%和83.3%,该算法相比于STRCF在精确率上提升了2.5%,在成功率上提升了3.2%,在OTB2013与OTB2015数据集上的11种属性的分类对比中,该算法在旋转、低分辨率、背景杂乱、光照变化等因素干扰下的目标跟踪中具有较高的精确率和较强的鲁棒性。

基于扰动观测器的PMSM系统自适应反步滑模控制

针对负载转矩波动和系统参数变化的永磁同步电机(PMSM)系统的控制问题,提出了一种带有非线性扰动观测器的自适应反步滑模位置跟踪控制方法。首先,设计了自适应反步滑模控制器,以确保电机位置快速收敛到期望值,并设计了自适应收敛增益,以减小电机位置响应下的大的过冲;其次,设计非线性扰动观测器估计未知扰动,并为自适应反步滑模控制提供前馈补偿,以提高系统的鲁棒性,并减少稳态位置误差。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效减少过冲,很好地实现了PMSM系统的快速位置跟踪控制,具有良好的抗扰动性能。

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS FOR NEW DISCRETE TRACKING-DIFFERENTIATORS

In this paper,some kinds of linear and nonlinear tracking-differentiators are designed by using suitable exponent functions instead of switch functions,and the stability of these tracking-differentiators is proved.From the result of simulations,it is manifest that the tracking speeds of these kinds of linear and nonlinear tracking-differentiators are very high,and their design procedures are simple.

悬吊式重力卸荷系统的主动式缓冲控制

针对索驱悬吊式重力卸荷系统被动缓冲器带来的欠驱动问题,提出了基于气动人工肌肉(Pneumatic Artificial Muscle,PAM)主动式缓冲器控制方法。首先,分析用于地面微/低重力模拟的悬吊式重力卸荷系统,为了克服PAM高度非线性特性,提出基于块结构的非线性神经网络建模方法,其次分析吊索与航天器相互作用过程中挠性引起的力扰动,最后采用非线性模型预测跟踪控制。相比传统PID控制方法,该方法具有参数调节简单,实时跟随性能好,以及对卸荷系统目标惯性参数的摄动具有控制性能不变性等优势。实验结果表明,设置不同扰动情况跟随力误差都能保证在3%以内,实验证明了基于PAM主动缓冲器的可行性,所提出的控制方法能够在挠性不确定性的情况下实现力跟随控制。

基于伺服运动系统的三步非线性控制方法

为了提高伺服运动系统的瞬态性能,加快系统的响应速度,获得更优的轨迹跟踪效果,本文提出了伺服运动系统三步非线性控制方法。首先假定伺服运动系统达到稳定状态,求得类稳态控制律;其次考虑参考目标的动态变化,求出前馈控制律;接着利用参考目标与实际输出之间的差值设计误差反馈控制律,最后通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。