Our ability to learn and remember depends on the active formation,remodeling,and elimination of synapses.Thus,the development and growth of synapses as well as their weakening and elimination are essential for neurona...Our ability to learn and remember depends on the active formation,remodeling,and elimination of synapses.Thus,the development and growth of synapses as well as their weakening and elimination are essential for neuronal rewiring.The structural reorganization of synaptic complexes,changes in actin cytos keleton and organelle dynamics,as well as modulation of gene expression,determine synaptic plasticity.It has been proposed that dys regulation of these key synaptic homeostatic processes underlies the synaptic dysfunction observed in many neurodegenerative diseases.Much is known about downstream signaling of activated N-methyl-D-aspartate andα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoazolepro pionate receptors;howeve r,other signaling pathways can also contribute to synaptic plasticity and long-lasting changes in learning and memory.The non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl(ABL1)is a key signal transducer of intra and extracellular signals,and it shuttles between the cyto plasm and the nucleus.This review focuses on c-Abl and its synaptic and neuronal functions.Here,we discuss the evidence showing that the activation of c-Abl can be detrimental to neurons,promoting the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Nevertheless,c-Abl activity seems to be in a pivotal balance between healthy synaptic plasticity,regulating dendritic spines remodeling and gene expression after cognitive training,and synaptic dysfunction and loss in neurodegenerative diseases.Thus,c-Abl genetic ablation not only improves learning and memory and modulates the brain genetic program of trained mice,but its absence provides dendritic spines resiliency against damage.Therefo re,the present review has been designed to elu cidate the common links between c-Abl regulation of structural changes that involve the actin cytos keleton and organelles dynamics,and the transc riptional program activated during synaptic plasticity.By summarizing the recent discove ries on c-Abl functions,we aim to provide an overview of how its inhibition co uld be a potentially fruitful treatment to improve degenerative outcomes and delay memory loss.展开更多
目的:观察化瘀通阳方对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠白细胞介素23(interleukin-23,IL-23)/非受体酪氨酸激酶-信号转导蛋白及转录激活因子(janus kinase-signal-transducer and activator of transcription,JAK-STAT)信号通路的影响。方法:将32只健...目的:观察化瘀通阳方对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠白细胞介素23(interleukin-23,IL-23)/非受体酪氨酸激酶-信号转导蛋白及转录激活因子(janus kinase-signal-transducer and activator of transcription,JAK-STAT)信号通路的影响。方法:将32只健康Wistar大鼠随机选取8只设为空白对照组,剩余24只大鼠分为模型复制组并采用5%葡聚糖硫酸钠(dectran sodium sulfate,DSS)溶液灌胃结合自由饮用,7天后随机处死其中6只大鼠及空白对照组2只大鼠,剖取结肠组织观察造模是否成功。造模成功后第2天将模型复制组18只大鼠按照随机数字表法分为模型组、化瘀通阳组和美沙拉嗪组,每组6只;未加干预的6只大鼠为空白对照组。空白对照组和模型组大鼠给予生理盐水灌肠,化瘀通阳组大鼠给化瘀通阳方剂灌肠,美沙拉嗪组大鼠给予美沙拉嗪灌肠液灌肠,各组大鼠灌肠均持续10天,每天1次。10天后,比较4组大鼠结肠长度及病理情况,观察结肠组织IL-23、JAK激酶1(janus kinase 1,JAK1)、酪氨酸激酶2(tyrosine kinase 2,TYK2)、信号转导子和转录激活子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT1)、信号转导子和转录激活子4(signal transducer and activator of transcription 4,STAT4)]的表达。结果:与模型组比较,化瘀通阳组和美沙拉嗪组大鼠结肠长度及病理切片显示炎症情况均显著改善(P<0.01);与模型组大鼠比较,化瘀通阳组和美沙拉嗪组大鼠结肠组织中IL-23、JAK1、STAT1、STAT4含量均降低,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TYK2各组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:化瘀通阳方治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制可能是通过抑制IL-23/JAK-STAT信号通路的激活、减少其他炎性因子的产生、缓解肠道炎症反应、改善肠黏膜受损情况、恢复肠道功能而实现的。展开更多
基金supported by Comisión Nacional de Investigación Cientifica y Tecnologica-Chile Fondecyt 12011668(to ARA)Fondecyt 1190334(to SZ)+6 种基金Fondecyt 11200592(to MJY)Fondef ID21/10347(to ARA andSZ)Fondef D10E1077(to ARA and SZ)CARE-UCAFB 170005(to ARA)MSCA-RISE-2016-Lysomod-734825 European Union's Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement N°953489(to SZ)Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN09_016/ICN 2021_045(to ARA)。
文摘Our ability to learn and remember depends on the active formation,remodeling,and elimination of synapses.Thus,the development and growth of synapses as well as their weakening and elimination are essential for neuronal rewiring.The structural reorganization of synaptic complexes,changes in actin cytos keleton and organelle dynamics,as well as modulation of gene expression,determine synaptic plasticity.It has been proposed that dys regulation of these key synaptic homeostatic processes underlies the synaptic dysfunction observed in many neurodegenerative diseases.Much is known about downstream signaling of activated N-methyl-D-aspartate andα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoazolepro pionate receptors;howeve r,other signaling pathways can also contribute to synaptic plasticity and long-lasting changes in learning and memory.The non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl(ABL1)is a key signal transducer of intra and extracellular signals,and it shuttles between the cyto plasm and the nucleus.This review focuses on c-Abl and its synaptic and neuronal functions.Here,we discuss the evidence showing that the activation of c-Abl can be detrimental to neurons,promoting the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Nevertheless,c-Abl activity seems to be in a pivotal balance between healthy synaptic plasticity,regulating dendritic spines remodeling and gene expression after cognitive training,and synaptic dysfunction and loss in neurodegenerative diseases.Thus,c-Abl genetic ablation not only improves learning and memory and modulates the brain genetic program of trained mice,but its absence provides dendritic spines resiliency against damage.Therefo re,the present review has been designed to elu cidate the common links between c-Abl regulation of structural changes that involve the actin cytos keleton and organelles dynamics,and the transc riptional program activated during synaptic plasticity.By summarizing the recent discove ries on c-Abl functions,we aim to provide an overview of how its inhibition co uld be a potentially fruitful treatment to improve degenerative outcomes and delay memory loss.
文摘目的:观察化瘀通阳方对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠白细胞介素23(interleukin-23,IL-23)/非受体酪氨酸激酶-信号转导蛋白及转录激活因子(janus kinase-signal-transducer and activator of transcription,JAK-STAT)信号通路的影响。方法:将32只健康Wistar大鼠随机选取8只设为空白对照组,剩余24只大鼠分为模型复制组并采用5%葡聚糖硫酸钠(dectran sodium sulfate,DSS)溶液灌胃结合自由饮用,7天后随机处死其中6只大鼠及空白对照组2只大鼠,剖取结肠组织观察造模是否成功。造模成功后第2天将模型复制组18只大鼠按照随机数字表法分为模型组、化瘀通阳组和美沙拉嗪组,每组6只;未加干预的6只大鼠为空白对照组。空白对照组和模型组大鼠给予生理盐水灌肠,化瘀通阳组大鼠给化瘀通阳方剂灌肠,美沙拉嗪组大鼠给予美沙拉嗪灌肠液灌肠,各组大鼠灌肠均持续10天,每天1次。10天后,比较4组大鼠结肠长度及病理情况,观察结肠组织IL-23、JAK激酶1(janus kinase 1,JAK1)、酪氨酸激酶2(tyrosine kinase 2,TYK2)、信号转导子和转录激活子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT1)、信号转导子和转录激活子4(signal transducer and activator of transcription 4,STAT4)]的表达。结果:与模型组比较,化瘀通阳组和美沙拉嗪组大鼠结肠长度及病理切片显示炎症情况均显著改善(P<0.01);与模型组大鼠比较,化瘀通阳组和美沙拉嗪组大鼠结肠组织中IL-23、JAK1、STAT1、STAT4含量均降低,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TYK2各组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:化瘀通阳方治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制可能是通过抑制IL-23/JAK-STAT信号通路的激活、减少其他炎性因子的产生、缓解肠道炎症反应、改善肠黏膜受损情况、恢复肠道功能而实现的。
