Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(SRSS)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations.We construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order SRSS and estimate its threshold.The rescattering process is identified by the 2D PIC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion scheme.Hot electrons produced by second-order SRSS propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order SRSS,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot electrons.Parametric studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that SRSS and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

Nonuniform Dependence on the Initial Data for Solutions of Conservation Laws

In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space dimension.We prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly continuous.Our results apply to all nonlinear scalar conservation laws and to nonlinear hyperbolic systems of two equations.

Reliability-based life-cycle cost seismic design optimization of coastal bridge piers with nonuniform corrosion using different materials

Reinforcement corrosion is the main cause of performance deterioration of reinforced concrete(RC)structures.Limited research has been performed to investigate the life-cycle cost(LCC)of coastal bridge piers with nonuniform corrosion using different materials.In this study,a reliability-based design optimization(RBDO)procedure is improved for the design of coastal bridge piers using six groups of commonly used materials,i.e.,normal performance concrete(NPC)with black steel(BS)rebar,high strength steel(HSS)rebar,epoxy coated(EC)rebar,and stainless steel(SS)rebar(named NPC-BS,NPC-HSS,NPC-EC,and NPC-SS,respectively),NPC with BS with silane soakage on the pier surface(named NPC-Silane),and high-performance concrete(HPC)with BS rebar(named HPC-BS).First,the RBDO procedure is improved for the design optimization of coastal bridge piers,and a bridge is selected to illustrate the procedure.Then,reliability analysis of the pier designed with each group of materials is carried out to obtain the time-dependent reliability in terms of the ultimate and serviceability performances.Next,the repair time of the pier is predicted based on the time-dependent reliability indices.Finally,the time-dependent LCCs for the pier are obtained for the selection of the optimal design.

Semi-analytical solution for mechanical analysis of tunnels crossing strike-slip fault zone considering nonuniform fault displacement and uncertain fault plane position

The tunnel subjected to strike-slip fault dislocation exhibits severe and catastrophic damage.The existing analysis models frequently assume uniform fault displacement and fixed fault plane position.In contrast,post-earthquake observations indicate that the displacement near the fault zone is typically nonuniform,and the fault plane position is uncertain.In this study,we first established a series of improved governing equations to analyze the mechanical response of tunnels under strike-slip fault dislocation.The proposed methodology incorporated key factors such as nonuniform fault displacement and uncertain fault plane position into the governing equations,thereby significantly enhancing the applicability range and accuracy of the model.In contrast to previous analytical models,the maximum computational error has decreased from 57.1%to 1.1%.Subsequently,we conducted a rigorous validation of the proposed methodology by undertaking a comparative analysis with a 3D finite element numerical model,and the results from both approaches exhibited a high degree of qualitative and quantitative agreement with a maximum error of 9.9%.Finally,the proposed methodology was utilized to perform a parametric analysis to explore the effects of various parameters,such as fault displacement,fault zone width,fault zone strength,the ratio of maximum fault displacement of the hanging wall to the footwall,and fault plane position,on the response of tunnels subjected to strike-slip fault dislocation.The findings indicate a progressive increase in the peak internal forces of the tunnel with the rise in fault displacement and fault zone strength.Conversely,an augmentation in fault zone width is found to contribute to a decrease in the peak internal forces.For example,for a fault zone width of 10 m,the peak values of bending moment,shear force,and axial force are approximately 46.9%,102.4%,and 28.7% higher,respectively,compared to those observed for a fault zone width of 50 m.Furthermore,the position of the peak internal forces is influenced by variations in the ratio of maximum fault displacement of the hanging wall to footwall and the fault plane location,while the peak values of shear force and axial force always align with the fault plane.The maximum peak internal forces are observed when the footwall exclusively bears the entirety of the fault displacement,corresponding to a ratio of 0:1.The peak values of bending moment,shear force,and axial force for the ratio of 0:1 amount to approximately 123.8%,148.6%,and 111.1% of those for the ratio of 0.5:0.5,respectively.

Underdetermined direction of arrival estimation with nonuniform linear motion sampling based on a small unmanned aerial vehicle platform

Uniform linear array(ULA)radars are widely used in the collision-avoidance radar systems of small unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).In practice,a ULA's multi-target direction of arrival(DOA)estimation performance suffers from significant performance degradation owing to the limited number of physical elements.To improve the underdetermined DOA estimation performance of a ULA radar mounted on a small UAV platform,we propose a nonuniform linear motion sampling underdetermined DOA estimation method.Using the motion of the UAV platform,the echo signal is sampled at different positions.Then,according to the concept of difference co-array,a virtual ULA with multiple array elements and a large aperture is synthesized to increase the degrees of freedom(DOFs).Through position analysis of the original and motion arrays,we propose a nonuniform linear motion sampling method based on ULA for determining the optimal DOFs.Under the condition of no increase in the aperture of the physical array,the proposed method obtains a high DOF with fewer sampling runs and greatly improves the underdetermined DOA estimation performance of ULA.The results of numerical simulations conducted herein verify the superior performance of the proposed method.

Impact of a Bumpy Nonuniform Electric Field on Oscillations of a Massive Point-Like Charged Particle

As a general feature, the electric field of a localized electric charge distribution diminishes as the distance from the distribution increases;there are exceptions to this feature. For instance, the electric field of a charged ring (being a localized charge distribution) along its symmetry axis perpendicular to the ring through its center rather than as expected being a diminishing field encounters a local maximum bump. It is the objective of this research-oriented study to analyze the impact of this bump on the characteristics of a massive point-like charged particle oscillating along the symmetry axis. Two scenarios with and without gravity along the symmetry axis are considered. In addition to standard kinematic diagrams, various phase diagrams conducive to a better understanding are constructed. Applying Computer Algebra System (CAS), [1] [2] most calculations are carried out symbolically. Finally, by assigning a set of reasonable numeric parameters to the symbolic quantities various 3D animations are crafted. All the CAS codes are included.

Comparison of uniform resampling and nonuniform sampling direct-reconstruction methods in k-space for FD-OCT

The nonuniform distribution of interference spectrum in wavenumber k-space is a key issue to limit the imaging quality of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography(FD-OCT).At present,the reconstruction quality at different depths among a variety of processing methods in k-space is still uncertain.Using simulated and experimental interference spectra at different depths,the effects of common six processing methods including uniform resampling(linear interpolation(LI),cubic spline interpolation(CSI),time-domain interpolation(TDI),and K-B window convolution)and nonuniform sampling direct-reconstruction(Lomb periodogram(LP)and nonuniform discrete Fourier transform(NDFT))on the reconstruction quality of FD-OCT were quantitatively analyzed and compared in this work.The results obtained by using simulated and experimental data were coincident.From the experimental results,the averaged peak intensity,axial resolution,and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of NDFT at depth from 0.5 to 3.0mm were improved by about 1.9 dB,1.4 times,and 11.8 dB,respectively,compared to the averaged indices of all the uniform resampling methods at all depths.Similarly,the improvements of the above three indices of LP were 2.0 dB,1.4 times,and 11.7 dB,respectively.The analysis method and the results obtained in this work are helpful to select an appropriate processing method in k-space,so as to improve the imaging quality of FD-OCT.

长周期波作用下平板阵列防波堤消浪特性数值模拟研究

如何有效地抵御长周期波浪是目前海岸工程所需解决的难题。板式防波堤对长周期波浪具有一定的消浪效果,且施工方便、造价低廉、适用范围广,对其进一步的研究具有重要意义。本文基于数值模拟软件FLOW-3D,建立数值造波水槽,以防波堤相对板长L_(0)/L、相对板间距j/L、相对板厚d/H及板数N为研究参数,给出平板阵列防波堤最佳布置方案及尺寸。模拟结果表明:结构参数相对板厚d/H=0.1,板数N=4,相对板间距j_(1)/L=0.3,j_(2)/L=0.1,相对板长L_(0)/L=0.6,非均匀布置四板型式平板阵列防波堤的消浪效果最好,说明该布置形式对周期小于8 s(原型周期T=25.28 s)的长周期波有良好的消浪效果。

电子束选区熔化单轨道成型不平直的形成机制研究

电子束选区熔化(electron beam selective melting,EBM)技术因其具有能量利用率高、制造的零件强度高以及残余应力小等制造优势而发展迅速,但在成型过程中单轨道两侧出现的不平直会严重降低零件的加工质量和各种性能。采用离散单元法(discrete element method,DEM)建立三维介观粉末床模型,数值模拟了EBM熔化金属粉末的过程,并对不同工艺参数下单轨道成型的截面进行了详细对比分析,发现扫描速度、扫描功率以及粉末粒径对单轨道成型的不平直度影响较大,研究结果揭示了单轨道成型过程中两侧熔体产生凸出、凹陷和空隙等不平直特征的形成机制。

基于非均匀时间调制的单通道比幅测向方法

[目的]为了解决传统时间调制测向中由载波频率变化引入的相位模糊而限制测向工作带宽的问题,提出一种基于非均匀时间调制的单通道比幅测向方法。[方法]通过对不同天线单元的接收信号进行非均匀周期调制,各天线接收信号的幅度信息无混叠地映射到对应调制频率的谐波中,进而提取出谐波幅度比,并结合查表法以实现单通道测向。基于数值仿真,验证所提方法的可行性,同时搭建一套宽带非均匀时间调制系统。[结果]实验结果显示,其测向绝对误差均值仅为0.21°(2.4 GHz)和0.18°(5.8 GHz)。[结论]所提方法可有效提高测向系统的工作带宽,具备结构简单、成本低、信号处理复杂度低以及宽带测向等优点。

基于肝肾同源探讨股骨头坏死“肝肾-肌骨”协同下的骨吸收不均匀沉降-多维复合弓弦体系的发病机制

从中医学肝肾同源的生理基础出发,综合中医的“肾主骨”“肝主筋”“经筋理论”及现代骨科学的骨吸收塌陷学说、不均匀沉降理论和下肢肌骨弓弦结构理论,探讨股骨头坏死(ONFH)“肝肾-筋骨”协同下的骨吸收不均匀沉降-多维复合弓弦体系的发病机制。认为ONFH病机关键在于肝肾亏虚,肾之阴阳失衡导致了成骨细胞与破骨细胞介导的骨形成-骨吸收动态平衡的打破,表现为骨代谢水平的升高及股骨头局部的骨吸收活动的增强,进而导致股骨头的坏死和塌陷;肾主骨、肝主筋,筋骨共同构成髋关节的肌-骨-关节动静态系统,而塌陷的出现破坏了原本平衡的肌-骨-关节系统,同时肝血失养、肌肉筋脉失于濡养进一步加剧了髋周的软组织失衡,加速了肌-骨-关节动静态系统的崩塌,加快了股骨头塌陷进程,最终导致不可逆的结局。基于该发病机制,ONFH的中西医结合系统治疗当以中医整体观念为指导原则,通过不同方式促进股骨头内外的血液循环的局部改善,重建关节功能的协调性;同时应重视患者自身体质的调养,通过补肾调肝以恢复成骨-破骨水平的平衡,重构肌-骨-关节系统,从而有效延迟甚至避免ONFH的发生。

基于非均匀性的平台巴西圆盘失效过程及损伤行为

为了探讨冲击荷载作用下裂缝对混凝土失效行为的影响,开展动态冲击荷载下混凝土预制裂缝平台巴西圆盘失效过程及损伤行为的研究.基于分离式霍普金森压杆试验,建立考虑混凝土细观非均匀性的数值模型,根据混凝土预制裂缝分布特征,分析混凝土预制裂缝角度和应变率对次生裂纹扩展规律和损伤演化程度的影响.结果表明,混凝土试件动态抗拉强度与应变率呈显著正相关,而与预制裂缝角度呈负相关.通过对混凝土单元的非均匀赋值,实现了冲击荷载下圆盘试件裂纹的萌生、扩展和贯穿的真实过程,当混凝土预制裂缝倾角大于60°时,主裂纹的扩展方向与预制裂缝近似垂直,次生裂纹数量则随预制裂缝倾角的增大逐渐增多.此外,基于破坏单元个数定量表征试件的损伤程度,发现当预制裂缝倾角为45°时,圆盘试件的损伤程度最低.研究成果可为混凝土材料的动态安全设计提供理论依据.

坡耕地顺坡非均匀施肥对氮磷迁移及玉米生长的影响

[目的]分析坡耕地坡脚低肥、坡中中肥和坡顶高肥的顺坡非均匀施肥方式对土壤养分及玉米生长的作用,为坡耕地科学的施肥方式提供依据。[方法]通过布设野外径流小区和水样采集设备,观测了坡耕地土壤中氮磷迁移和玉米对养分的吸收。[结果](1)降雨后坡脚的土壤含水量最高,坡顶的土壤水分下降最快最多。(2)整个玉米生长周期内土壤水氮向坡脚浅土层处迁移,而土壤水总磷则呈峰值变化的趋势且以坡顶最为显著。(3)非均匀施肥下玉米生长对氮素的吸收以及干物质产量都较好,坡脚处的氮肥吸收率达到51.3%,磷肥吸收率达到25.5%。[结论]减少总施肥量的非均匀施肥方式能够保证玉米生长对肥料的吸收及产量,为我国坡耕地施肥方式优化提供参考。

寒区露天矿板岩冻融力学特性及边坡稳定性研究

为了探究寒区板岩边坡在冻融条件下的力学参数劣化规律及其失稳机理,通过室内冻融循环力学试验,并基于广义Hoek-Brown强度准则计算岩体内聚力和内摩擦角随冻融循环次数的衰减规律,以此修正未考虑冻融损伤的白云鄂博南帮内聚力和内摩擦角块体模型,实现南帮岩体力学参数的时空演化表征,最后通过数值模拟分析白云鄂博铁矿主矿区南帮边坡在冻融效应下的循序破坏机理。结果表明:经20次冻融循环后,矽质板岩、云母化板岩、碳化板岩、断层岩内聚力降低率分别为21.64%、22.66%、28.09%、28.53%,内摩擦角降低率分别为12.76%、14.72%、19.37%、21.35%;在冻融效应下,南帮边坡稳定系数由1.19逐渐降至0.92,1650~1570 m区域剪应变逐渐增大,最终滑体于1570 m平台滑移剪出。

基于光响应非均匀性的WhatsApp压缩视频来源识别

光响应非均匀噪声(photo response nonuniformity,PRNU)是光学成像传感器成像时引入的一种独特噪声,可有效识别压缩视频的来源。针对现有算法提取压缩视频的PRNU效果并不显著的问题,论文提出了一种改进PRNU提取算法。首先,去除视频编解码的环路滤波器,对视频帧使用双密度双树复小波变换进行分解;然后对高频子带使用基于贝叶斯阈值估计的双变量收缩算法进行估计,再使用自适应加窗维纳滤波进行二次估计,得到噪声残差;最后用基于量化参数值加权的最大似然估计法聚合噪声残差,再与视频帧估计得到PRNU。实验结果表明:该文提出的方法在20 s时WhatsApp视频的识别率为75%。

真实非均匀受火边界下STRC柱的温度分布及材料性能退化分析

为揭示真实火灾边界下钢管约束钢筋混凝土(steel tubed reinforced concrete,STRC)柱的耐火性能,采用ABAQUS软件对考虑墙体影响的非均匀受火边界下方形STRC柱的温度场进行分析,获取了受火边界、墙体、柱截面尺寸、墙体导热系数和厚度等参数下受火柱的温度分布、钢材和混凝土的等效强度折减和弹性模量折减情况。结果表明:相较于无墙体受火边界,真实火灾边界下方形STRC柱的温度分布更不均匀,但等效强度折减系数总体上更高;非均匀受火柱的混凝土平均温度和钢管平均温度均低于四面受火柱,且受火面越少,构件整体温度越低,等效强度越高;构件整体温度和等效强度折减程度随柱截面尺寸、墙体厚度的增大和材料导热系数的减小而降低。

基于计算流体力学的流化床气体分布器结构研究

分布器是流化床反应器中重要的内构件之一。现有研究多集中在分布器类型和排列方式的优化及设计,而较少关注分布管结构对反应器内流动特性的影响。本研究在传统管式分布器的基础上,提出了一种带有文丘里结构特征的管式分布器,通过计算流体力学模拟对比了传统管式分布器和新型分布器的流体力学性能。结果表明:同等工况下,相对于传统管式分布器,新型分布器的压降降低38.10%~62.82%,出口气体速度不均匀度更低,气体分布更加均匀。

气-气混合器的数值模拟及优化设计研究

设计了一种体积小、压降低的新型气-气混合器,用于实现燃气与空气的均匀混合。利用Fluent数值模拟的方法研究了有导流板和无导流板两种情况下气-气混合器内的流场分布及混合效果,发现无导流板时混合器内存在一个旋涡区,混合器出口截面上的混合不均匀度S=0.0536,空气在混合器中的总压降为960 Pa,空气与燃气进气压差为1164 Pa;有导流板时混合器内存在两个旋涡区,混合器出口截面上的混合不均匀度S^(*)=0.0454,空气在混合器中的总压降为1109 Pa,空气与燃气进气压差为1143 Pa。结果表明增设导流板后的气-气混合器整体压降增加约150 Pa左右,但混合效果更优,可实现均匀混合。对于有导流板的混合器结构,随着空气流量增加,压降增长十分显著,混合不均匀度随空气流量的增加而先下降后增长,燃气流量对压降及混合效果影响均不大。

基于非均匀超表面的带宽和增益改善型缝隙天线设计

针对贴片天线普遍存在带宽及增益性能不足的问题,提出了一种通过非均匀超表面实现的带宽和增益改善型天线.首先,采用带有切角的缝隙贴片作为初始天线;然后,为进一步增强辐射特性,围绕初始天线周围排列了方形切角贴片,以此形成非均匀超表面.仿真结果表明,与初始天线相比,额外产生了两个谐振频率,导致反射系数S11带宽范围达到4.4~6.6 GHz.此外,轴比值突破了3 dB线,3 dB轴比带宽范围为4.7~5.7 GHz,增益平均提高了3 dB,峰值增益达到11.3 dBic;在5.05GHz处的辐射方向图表现出低于25 dB的低交叉极化.

考虑寒区隧道围岩冻结温度渐变的冻胀力解析解

为考虑寒区隧道围岩单向冻结和径向冻结温度渐变会引起的不同方向和不同冻结深度处的非均匀冻胀变形,通过引入冻胀围岩径向冻结温度T(r)和平行与垂直冻结方向的非均匀冻胀系数k反映围岩的非均匀冻胀性,理论推演建立了寒区隧道冻胀力解析解,并进行了案例和影响因素分析。研究表明:忽略冻结温度渐变影响时冻胀力明显偏大,考虑冻结温度渐变可有效提高冻胀力计算的可靠性;考虑冻结温度渐变影响的冻胀力随着非均匀冻胀系数k的增大呈对数函数增大,随冻结与未冻围岩的弹性模量比EⅡ/EⅢ的增大而线性减小,且EⅡ/EⅢ越大时冻胀力产生所需围岩达到的临界k值也越大;隧道冻胀力随围岩冻结圈外径、未冻围岩弹性模量和原岩应力的增大而增大,但随衬砌内径、冻结围岩单位温度冻胀系数的增大而逐渐降低。