Effects of Fermented Nori (<i>Pyropia yezoensis</i>) Liquid Fertilizer on Plant Growth Characteristics and Nutrient Content of Komatsuna (<i>Brassica rapa</i>L. var. Wakana Komatsuna) Cultivated in Vermiculite

We conducted plant growth experiments in microbe-free vermiculite to study the effects of four types of fermented seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) made from nori (Pyropia yezoensis) seaweed on the germination, plant growth characteristics, SPAD value, and nutrient content and uptake of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. wakana komatsuna). The four types of fermented nori SLF used in this study were prepared by anaerobic fermentation of unwashed nori (SLF1), aerobic fermentation of unwashed nori (SLF2), anaerobic fermentation of washed nori (SLF3), and aerobic fermentation of washed nori (SLF4). Komatsuna seeds treated with 200-, 300-, and 400-fold dilutions of SLFs exhibited improved relative germination ratios (RGRs) at 3 and 4 days after sowing (DAS). At 4 DAS, the RGRs of seeds treated with 10-, 100-, 200-, 300-, and 400-fold SLF dilutions showed no differential effect. Seeds treated with undiluted SLFs did not germinate by 4 DAS. SLF1 may promote komatsuna seed germination. The nitrogen (N), calcium, magnesium, sodium (Na), and iodine (I) contents of plants treated with SLF1 were significantly increased relative to plants treated with the other SLFs. Moreover, the I and Na contents of plants were significantly increased by foliar spray application of different dilutions of SLF1. However, SLF treatment markedly reduced the shoot dry weight compared with 1/2-strength modified Hoagland nutrient (MHN) solution, although the same amounts of N and K were applied. SPAD values of the plants treated with SLFs were significantly higher than those of plants treated with MHN. Foliar treatment with SLFs had no significant effect on plant growth, SPAD value, or uptake of nutrients (except Na) relative to the control, but the I content was increased. Plants treated with SLF1 and SLF2 exhibited the highest Na uptake. Foliar spray treatments with SLF1 resulted in the highest I contents in plants. Based on our results, SLF1 is suitable for use as a liquid fertilizer to promote germination and increase nutrient content in komatsuna. These results need to be followed up in soil experiments in the presence of microbes in the rhizosphere.

Effects of Fermented Nori (<i>Pyropia yezoensis</i>) Seaweed Liquid Fertilizers on Growth Characteristics, Nutrient Uptake, and Iodine Content of Komatsuna (<i>Brassica rapa</i>L.) Cultivated in Soil

We investigated the effects of fermented nori (Pyropia yezoensis) liquid fertilizers on plant growth, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values, and nutrient uptake of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. wakana komatsuna) plants. The four types of fermented nori seaweed liquid fertilizers (SLFs) evaluated in this study were prepared by anaerobic fermentation of unwashed nori (SLF1), aerobic fermentation of unwashed nori (SLF2), anaerobic fermentation of washed nori (SLF3), and aerobic fermentation of washed nori (SLF4). In Experiment 1, the highest plant growth, SPAD, and nutrient uptake values were obtained from treatment with SLF2 and SLF4. There were no significant differences between the effects of basal and foliar application of SLFs, except for iodine (I) content;plants treated with SLF1 had the highest I content. In Experiment 2, plant growth and nutrient uptake decreased with higher concentrations of SLFs. Plants treated with 25% SLF2 + 75% chemical fertilizer (CF) or 25% SLF4 + 75% CF exhibited significantly higher plant growth and nutrient uptake. The highest I content resulted from treatment with 75% SLF1 + 25% CF or 100% SLF1. Taken together, our results showed that 25% SLF + 75% CF produced the best plant growth characteristics, nutrient uptake, and I content relative to the controls. Therefore, basal application of these liquid organic fertilizers can be used to increase productivity, nutrient uptake, and I content and to reduce nitrate-nitrogen content in komatsuna production.

市售寿司中砷的人体健康风险

砷是一种在自然界中广泛存在的有毒有害污染物,摄入受污染的食物是人体砷暴露的重要途径.食品添加剂联合专家委员会(Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives,JECFA)第72次会议指出,海苔、米饭和米制品是总砷含量较高的食物.寿司是一种日本传统美食,近年来颇受中国大众喜爱,其主要食材即是海苔和米饭,可能存在一定的砷污染和人体健康危害问题.本研究从我国南京市20家店面采集了共20份寿司样品,测定样品中总砷含量,并对部分样品进行砷形态分析,进而评估市售寿司中砷的人体健康风险.对寿司进行食物成分分类,发现海苔、米饭和其他馅料的鲜重在整个寿司中的重量占比平均值分别为3.31%±0.88%、69.48%±9.57%、27.20%±10.10%;海苔、米饭和整个寿司样品(n=20)中总砷的含量分别为3.14—27.18、0.10—0.85、0.34—1.57 mg·kg^(-1),平均值分别为(9.67±6.65)、(0.31±0.22)、(0.63±0.27)mg·kg^(-1).对4份寿司及对应成分海苔和米饭进行砷形态分析,发现海苔中砷主要为低毒的砷甜菜碱(arsenobetaine,AsB)、二甲基砷酸盐(dimethylated arsenic,DMA)、砷糖(arsenosugar),占比分别为8.02%±6.57%、37.40%±12.70%和54.59%±17.31%,未检测出高毒性的无机砷;米饭中除了含有低毒性的DMA(22.44%±5.79%)外,含有高毒性的亚砷酸盐(arsenite,As(Ⅲ),49.15%±9.52%)、二甲基一巯基砷(dimethylatedmonothioarsenate,DMMTA,12.48%±2.36%)和砷酸盐(arsenate,As(Ⅴ),11.59%±9.65%);整个寿司样品包含了海苔和米饭的特征砷形态,包括AsB(10.32%±7.91%)、DMA(34.40%±22.04%)、砷糖(32.87%±22.87%)、As(Ⅲ)(15.94%±9.19%)、As(Ⅴ)(2.44%±4.87%)等.基于寿司中砷含量和形态,成人每天通过食用寿司导致的无机砷摄入量平均为(0.21±0.09)μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)bw,远低于世界卫生组织规定的BMDL0.5的基准剂量3μg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)bw,表明食用寿司的癌症风险较低.本研究对南京市场销售的寿司样品进行砷含量、砷形态测定以及开展健康风险评价,对理解食用寿司导致的砷暴露和健康风险具有重要意义.

4种荷兰菊品种耐热性生理指标初探

选用从比利时引进的4个荷兰菊品种,进行耐热力鉴定,测定不同热处理下叶片的细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化。结果表明:叶片的细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活性的变化指标可用于荷兰菊叶片耐热力测定。该试验所测定的4个荷兰菊品种中,以安德较耐热,紫球次之,粉花、香叶较不耐热。

基于田口法的锂电池快速充电方法分析

基于锂电池的工作原理及充放电的特点,为平衡锂电池的充电效率,消除其极化关系。通过正交实验优化以及建立模糊控制器得出五阶电流的优化值、去极化脉冲的幅值以及正负脉冲的间隔时长,最终消除极化负脉冲产生的宽度以及时机,从而实现锂电池的快速充电,并通过实验对该方法进行验证。研究结果表明:所研究的基于田口法的锂电池快速充电的方法有效,相比传统方法速度提升8.89%,效率提升0.6%,发热量降低17.6%。

爱是人世间最伟大的力量:从《斯琴杭茹》到《诺日吉玛》——论巴音导演的电影作品

蒙古族影视剧演员巴音·额日乐从上世纪八十年代就因所塑造的银屏英雄形象为观众所瞩目。2008年始,他又以导演的身份先后执导了《斯琴杭茹》《诺日吉玛》两部原生态蒙古族电影,并在国内外电影节上得到极高赞誉、荣获各类重要奖项。两部影片所描写的时代背景、历史事件与人物命运各有不同,但却都通过塑造坚韧、仁爱善良的蒙古族女性形象以及她们的命运遭际,诠释了“爱是人世间最伟大的力量”这一鲜明的主题。

人生长激素基因组DNA在家蚕BmN细胞中的瞬时表达

目的 :探讨内含子对外源基因在真核细胞中表达的作用。 方法 :直接将含有 4个内含子和自身信号肽的 1.5 kb全长人生长激素基因直接克隆至真核表达载体 pc DNA3.0 ,然后利用脂质体转染家蚕 Bm N细胞 ,收取细胞上清 ,PAGE电泳和Western印迹分析鉴定表达产物 ;将全长基因序列、缺失第 1内含子基因序列和 c DNA序列的表达载体 ,分别转染细胞后检测各片段表达产物之间的差异。结果 :测序结果表明人生长激素基因组 DNA在细胞内正确转录、剪接。蛋白质电泳分析和免疫学检测证明转染细胞能够有效合成并分泌蛋白质。 EL ISA检测发现 3种基因片段中 ,全长的基因序列在表达效果上要高于后两者 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,其中缺失第 1内含子的序列表达效率较 c DNA序列明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :在家蚕细胞中能够正确表达带有自身内含子和信号肽的人源蛋白基因 ;

Ultrastructure of Single Cells, Callus-like and Monospore-like Cells in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda on Semi-solid Culture Medium

It had been demonstrated that individual cells or protoplasts isolated fromPorphyrathallus by enzyme could develop into normal leafy thalli in the same way as monospores, and that isolated cells develop in different way in liquid and on semi-solid media. The authors observed the ultrastructure of isolated vegetative cells cultured on semi-solid media and compared them with those of monospores and isolated cells cultured in liquid media. The results showed that subcellular structures were quite different among cells in different conditions. In their development, isolated cells on semi-solid media did not show the characteristic subcellular feature of monospore formation, such as production of fibrous vesicles. Callus-like cells formed on semi-solid media underwent a distinctive modification in cellular organization. They developed characteristic cell inclusions and a special 2-layer cell covering. Golgi bodies, ER, starch grains, mitochondria. Vacuoles were not commonly found in them.

HACCP体系在诺丽果汁生产中的应用

探讨HACCP体系在诺丽果汁加工中的具体应用。对诺丽果汁生产全过程,进行生物、物理和化学危害分析,确立诺丽果验收、压榨、杀菌、灌装为关键控制点,制订相应的关键限值,为生产出优质安全的诺丽果汁提供理论依据。

海苔生产工艺风险识别与控制研究

针对网红休闲产品夹心海苔专项抽检中微生物指标不合格率较高的情况,对企业生产过程进行调查研究。参照《食品安全国家标准食品生产通用卫生规范》(GB 14881—2013),结合生产工艺,本研究从外部环境、原料控制、过程控制、包装材料控制、产品储存和人员能力6大方面,详细分析,逐一识别易引起产品污染的风险因素。为企业控制成本、提高产品合格率提供新思路。

鲜制紫菜产品的开发研究

以鲜紫菜为原料,通过添加保鲜液、改变贮藏条件等方式研究开发可流通于市场的鲜紫菜产品。结果表明,添加保鲜液紫菜产品可在常温下贮藏一段时间,但个别保鲜剂尚不可在鲜紫菜中使用,故短时间无法实现产业化;鲜紫菜采用无菌水清洗后真空包装冷藏保质期可达15d以上,采用保温包装后顺丰、京东等物流发货能实现3d到达消费者手中。

显微拉曼光谱法检测紫菜中5种微塑料

目的:微塑料因生物传递和生物富集效应,成为食品链中的新型持久性污染物。通过对前处理方法和检测条件进行优化,建立紫菜中聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯5种微塑料的显微拉曼光谱测定方法。方法:1 g紫菜先用纤维素酶于65℃酶解12 h,再于10%氢氧化钾溶液中65℃消解48 h,用钨酸钠饱和溶液进行悬浮,溢流法收集后过银滤膜,使用显微拉曼光谱面扫描模式进行扫描,多组分分布成像分析法处理数据。结果:紫菜消解率为94.2%,除聚氯乙烯加标回收率为65.1%,其余4种微塑料的加标回收率均高于91.2%,紫菜中5种微塑料均能实现准确定性及可视化计数,最低检测粒径为10μm。结论:建立的方法具有回收率高、定性准确、检测粒径小的优点,适用于紫菜中5种微塑料的定性检测和可视化计数。

在NaCl非水离子液体中制备类石墨烯状氮硫共掺杂生物质碳材料来提高锂硫电池的动力学研究（英文）

本论文通过结构设计利用简单方法成功制备了一种二维N,S共掺杂类石墨烯纳米片复合结构,即利用NaCl非水离子液体的剥离作用使生物质剥离得到二维片层类石墨烯结构.这种新的非水离子液体剥离技术较其他的碳材料剥离技术具有环境友好性、低成本、安全无毒性等优势,有利于实现量化制备锂硫电池电极材料.该材料采用大自然中广泛存在的紫菜作为原料,其内部富含的氨基酸为原位掺杂N,S元素提供了可能性.二维结构的纳米片能够提供有效的导电性和电解液浸润性的网络结构,同时还能够有效地降低电池在充放电循环过程中导致的体积膨胀效应,最终实现一种高机械性能、优异电化学活性的电极在锂硫电池储能领域中的应用.

杖鼓“变长短”之当代编舞技术思考

关于杖鼓的流传与印度、中国、朝鲜半岛均有着颇深的渊源。发展至今,杖鼓已成为朝鲜民族传统音乐与舞蹈中不可缺失的一部分,它贯穿于音乐演奏、伴奏、舞蹈之中。"长短"对朝鲜民族舞蹈的学习有着深远的影响,对当代舞蹈的创作探索也有着相当积极的作用。