BACKGROUND: Diadochokinetic rate reflects the motion state and synergic level of oral, lingual and speech muscle group, and it is an important index to judge the speech articulation, it is also very significant in the...BACKGROUND: Diadochokinetic rate reflects the motion state and synergic level of oral, lingual and speech muscle group, and it is an important index to judge the speech articulation, it is also very significant in the training and evaluation of vocal ability and the correction and treatment of speech. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diadochokinetic rate between deaf children and normal children. DESIGN: A comparative observation. SETTING: College of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty deaf children and 20 normal children of 6-7 years old, half boys and half girls, were selected from Hangzhou Rehabilitation Center for Deaf Children and Hangzhou Fuxing Kindergarten between January and March, 2006. The influences of organic dysarthria on our study had been eliminated, including intellectual and oral diseases, etc. Informed consents were obtained from the guardians of all the enrolled children. METHODS: ① The deaf children all cooperated with the study after proper communication with them. They practiced to pronounce /pa/, /ta/, /ka/ clearly in order, then pronounced them together, that was /pataka/. They should slow down at first in order to pronounce clearly and cohere them together, then speeded up to practice, so that the results could not be affected by the unfamiliar pronunciation. After practice, the deaf children were tested by pronouncing /pataka/ for five time continuously, and they were asked to pronounce clearly and correctly with uniform intensity, loudness, speed, etc. They were tested for three times by the same methods, and the durations of the three times were recorded to obtain the average value, then the velocity was calculated. The tests for the normal children were the same as those mentioned above. ② The differences of the measurement data were compared by the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of diadochokinetic rate compared between deaf children and normal children. RESULTS: All the 20 normal children and 20 deaf children were involved in the analysis of results. The diadochokinetic rate was obviously lower in the deaf children than in the normal children [(0.64±0.18), (2.41±0.47) times/s, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: The diadochokinetic rate is lower in deaf children than in normal children. It is also suggested that the training of diadochokinetic function should be enhanced in the speech training of deaf children to improve their lingual and oral flexibility and speech articulation.展开更多
Non-obese children with elevated serum insulin levels and metabolic disorders such as,hyperglycemia,hypertension,and/or hypertriglyceridemia are a subset of children in high risk of developing cardiovascular disease l...Non-obese children with elevated serum insulin levels and metabolic disorders such as,hyperglycemia,hypertension,and/or hypertriglyceridemia are a subset of children in high risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life.Since usually the health policies for the prevention of the obesity associated disorders in children are based on the screening focused on the obese,frequently the metabolically obese normalweight(MONW) children are not identified in primary care setting.Given that characterization of the MONW children is an important public health issue,and that a large amount of resources might be unnecessarily used in the screening of metabolic risk of nonobese children; we review data regarding criteria for the early recognition of this subset of children in high risk of developing cardiovascular disease.Results of our review suggests that the presence of family history of type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension,the elevated percentage of body fat,and the high birth-weight should be taken into account as criteria of high cardiovascular risk,irrespective of obesity.展开更多
目的分析3岁听障儿童与同龄健听儿童语言细节句子测试结果,为提高康复教学效果提供参考依据。方法在康复机构和普通幼儿园选取听障儿童与健听儿童各30例,采用言语听觉反应评估(evaluation of auditory resporse to speech,EARS)中的语...目的分析3岁听障儿童与同龄健听儿童语言细节句子测试结果,为提高康复教学效果提供参考依据。方法在康复机构和普通幼儿园选取听障儿童与健听儿童各30例,采用言语听觉反应评估(evaluation of auditory resporse to speech,EARS)中的语言细节句子测试表进行测试,比较两组儿童的句子和词汇水平得分。结果儿童的听力状况对语言细节句子测试得分影响显著(T句子(1,58)=3.36,P<0.01;T词语(1,58)=2.89,P<0.01),健听儿童句子和词汇水平得分(M句子=8.47,M词语=58.23)均显著高于听障儿童(M句子=7.03,M词语=56.63)(P<0.05)。结论与健听儿童相比,语言年龄达到3岁水平的听障儿童句法语法能力滞后,这可能与听障儿童输入性语言信息不足及输入环境有关。康复训练中应加强相应训练,拓展应用到生活场景中。展开更多
In this study, normal ranges for hematology and serum biochemistry in children aged 1 to 5 years inUgandawere determined. By a cross-sectional study, 1168 children from Iganga, a prospective site for clinical trials i...In this study, normal ranges for hematology and serum biochemistry in children aged 1 to 5 years inUgandawere determined. By a cross-sectional study, 1168 children from Iganga, a prospective site for clinical trials in Uganda, were screened. From 1168 households, 460 children were selected for enrollment, while 600 (58%) were excluded because of either a history of fever in the previous 24 hours, presence of asexual malaria parasites in the peripheral blood or presence of fever. Accordingly, 460 children (39.4%) of median age = 3 years were enrolled in the baseline study. While the lower limits of hemoglobin, hematocrit levels, mean corpuscular volume and platelet counts for the Ugandan children were found to be less than conventional reference values of Caucasisan children, the white blood cell count reference values were higher than the international intervals. On the other hand, the upper limits of the reference intervals for serum transaminases, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, total protein and albumin in sera of the Ugandan children were higher than the corresponding values for a Caucasian pediatric population. This study showed that, if hematology test results of the Ugandan children were assessed against “imported” international reference values, up to 44.6% of the study participants would have been excluded from clinical trials or would have been reported as adverse events in such trials. The present study was not only the first report of serum biochemistry reference ranges for children aged one to five years in Uganda but also one of very few such studies in Africa.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND: Diadochokinetic rate reflects the motion state and synergic level of oral, lingual and speech muscle group, and it is an important index to judge the speech articulation, it is also very significant in the training and evaluation of vocal ability and the correction and treatment of speech. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diadochokinetic rate between deaf children and normal children. DESIGN: A comparative observation. SETTING: College of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty deaf children and 20 normal children of 6-7 years old, half boys and half girls, were selected from Hangzhou Rehabilitation Center for Deaf Children and Hangzhou Fuxing Kindergarten between January and March, 2006. The influences of organic dysarthria on our study had been eliminated, including intellectual and oral diseases, etc. Informed consents were obtained from the guardians of all the enrolled children. METHODS: ① The deaf children all cooperated with the study after proper communication with them. They practiced to pronounce /pa/, /ta/, /ka/ clearly in order, then pronounced them together, that was /pataka/. They should slow down at first in order to pronounce clearly and cohere them together, then speeded up to practice, so that the results could not be affected by the unfamiliar pronunciation. After practice, the deaf children were tested by pronouncing /pataka/ for five time continuously, and they were asked to pronounce clearly and correctly with uniform intensity, loudness, speed, etc. They were tested for three times by the same methods, and the durations of the three times were recorded to obtain the average value, then the velocity was calculated. The tests for the normal children were the same as those mentioned above. ② The differences of the measurement data were compared by the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of diadochokinetic rate compared between deaf children and normal children. RESULTS: All the 20 normal children and 20 deaf children were involved in the analysis of results. The diadochokinetic rate was obviously lower in the deaf children than in the normal children [(0.64±0.18), (2.41±0.47) times/s, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: The diadochokinetic rate is lower in deaf children than in normal children. It is also suggested that the training of diadochokinetic function should be enhanced in the speech training of deaf children to improve their lingual and oral flexibility and speech articulation.
文摘Non-obese children with elevated serum insulin levels and metabolic disorders such as,hyperglycemia,hypertension,and/or hypertriglyceridemia are a subset of children in high risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life.Since usually the health policies for the prevention of the obesity associated disorders in children are based on the screening focused on the obese,frequently the metabolically obese normalweight(MONW) children are not identified in primary care setting.Given that characterization of the MONW children is an important public health issue,and that a large amount of resources might be unnecessarily used in the screening of metabolic risk of nonobese children; we review data regarding criteria for the early recognition of this subset of children in high risk of developing cardiovascular disease.Results of our review suggests that the presence of family history of type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension,the elevated percentage of body fat,and the high birth-weight should be taken into account as criteria of high cardiovascular risk,irrespective of obesity.
文摘目的分析3岁听障儿童与同龄健听儿童语言细节句子测试结果,为提高康复教学效果提供参考依据。方法在康复机构和普通幼儿园选取听障儿童与健听儿童各30例,采用言语听觉反应评估(evaluation of auditory resporse to speech,EARS)中的语言细节句子测试表进行测试,比较两组儿童的句子和词汇水平得分。结果儿童的听力状况对语言细节句子测试得分影响显著(T句子(1,58)=3.36,P<0.01;T词语(1,58)=2.89,P<0.01),健听儿童句子和词汇水平得分(M句子=8.47,M词语=58.23)均显著高于听障儿童(M句子=7.03,M词语=56.63)(P<0.05)。结论与健听儿童相比,语言年龄达到3岁水平的听障儿童句法语法能力滞后,这可能与听障儿童输入性语言信息不足及输入环境有关。康复训练中应加强相应训练,拓展应用到生活场景中。
文摘In this study, normal ranges for hematology and serum biochemistry in children aged 1 to 5 years inUgandawere determined. By a cross-sectional study, 1168 children from Iganga, a prospective site for clinical trials in Uganda, were screened. From 1168 households, 460 children were selected for enrollment, while 600 (58%) were excluded because of either a history of fever in the previous 24 hours, presence of asexual malaria parasites in the peripheral blood or presence of fever. Accordingly, 460 children (39.4%) of median age = 3 years were enrolled in the baseline study. While the lower limits of hemoglobin, hematocrit levels, mean corpuscular volume and platelet counts for the Ugandan children were found to be less than conventional reference values of Caucasisan children, the white blood cell count reference values were higher than the international intervals. On the other hand, the upper limits of the reference intervals for serum transaminases, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, total protein and albumin in sera of the Ugandan children were higher than the corresponding values for a Caucasian pediatric population. This study showed that, if hematology test results of the Ugandan children were assessed against “imported” international reference values, up to 44.6% of the study participants would have been excluded from clinical trials or would have been reported as adverse events in such trials. The present study was not only the first report of serum biochemistry reference ranges for children aged one to five years in Uganda but also one of very few such studies in Africa.
